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opencc-zeroSep 2020View details →

Local and regional drivers influence how aquatic community diversity, resistance and resilience vary in response to drying

Disturbance events govern how the biodiversity of ecological communities varies in both space and time. In freshwater ecosystems, there is evidence that local and regional-scale drivers interact to influence ecological responses to drying disturbances. However, most research provides temporal snapshots at the local scale, whereas few studies encompass a gradient of drying severity spanning multiple years. Using a dataset of rare spatiotemporal extent and detail, we demonstrate how independent and interacting local and regional-scale factors drive shifts in the α and β diversities of communities in dynamic river ecosystems. We examined aquatic invertebrate assemblage responses to hydrological variability (as characterized by monthly observations of instream conditions) at 30 sites over a 12-year period encompassing typical years and two severe drought disturbances. Sites varied in their disturbance regimes and hydrological connectivity at both local (i.e. site-specific) and regional (i.e. river catchment) scales. Whereas α diversity was mainly influenced by local factors including flow permanence and the temporal extent of ponded and dry conditions, both temporal and spatial β diversities also responded to regional-scale metrics such as the spatial extent of flow and hydrological connectivity. We observed stronger local negative responses by taxa with lower capacities to tolerate drying (i.e. resistance) and/or to recover after flow resumes (i.e. resilience), whereas taxa with functional traits promoting resilience made an increasing contribution to spatial β diversity as hydrological connectivity declined. As droughts increase in extent and severity across global regions, our findings highlight the functional basis of taxonomic responses to disturbance and connectivity, and thus advance understanding of how drying disturbances shape biodiversity in river networks. Our identification of the role of regional hydrological factors could inform catchment-scale management strategies that support ecosystem resilience in a context of global change.

opencc-zeroDec 2015View details →

Data from: Local adaptation in transgenerational responses to predators

Environmental signals can induce phenotypic changes that span multiple generations. Along with phenotypic responses that occur during development (i.e., 'within-generation' plasticity), such 'transgenerational plasticity' (TGP) has been documented in a diverse array of taxa spanning many environmental perturbations. New theory predicts that temporal stability is a key driver of the evolution of TGP. We tested this prediction using natural populations of zooplankton from lakes in Connecticut that span a large gradient in the temporal dynamics of predator-induced mortality. We reared >120 clones of Daphnia ambigua from 9 lakes for multiple generations in the presence/absence of predator cues. We found that temporal variation in mortality selects for within-generation plasticity while consistently strong (or weak) mortality selects for increased transgenerational plasticity. Such results provide the first evidence for local adaptation in TGP and argue that divergent ecological conditions select for phenotypic responses within and across generations.

opencc-zeroDec 2012View details →

Data from: Local adaptation and the potential effects of a contaminant on predator avoidance and antipredator responses under global warming: a space-for-time substitution approach

The ability to deal with temperature-induced changes in interactions with contaminants and predators under global warming is one of the outstanding, applied evolutionary questions. For this, it is crucial to understand how contaminants will affect activity levels, predator avoidance and antipredator responses under global warming and to what extent gradual thermal evolution may mitigate these effects. Using a space-for-time substitution approach, we assessed the potential for gradual thermal evolution shaping activity (mobility and foraging), predator avoidance and antipredator responses when Ischnura elegans damselfly larvae were exposed to zinc in a common-garden warming experiment at the mean summer water temperatures of shallow water bodies at these latitudes (24 and 20°C, respectively). Zinc reduced mobility and foraging, predator avoidance and escape swimming speed. Importantly, high-latitude populations showed stronger zinc-induced reductions in escape swimming speed at both temperatures, and in activity levels at the high temperature. The latter indicates that local thermal adaptation may strongly change the ecological impact of contaminants under global warming. Our study underscores the critical importance of considering local adaptation along natural gradients when integrating biotic interactions in ecological risk assessment, and the potential of gradual thermal evolution mitigating the effects of warming on the vulnerability to contaminants.

opencc-zeroSep 2021View details →

Tree seedling trait optimization and growth in response to local-scale soil and light variability

At local scales, it has been suggested that high levels of resources lead to increased tree growth via trait optimization (highly peaked trait distribution). However, this contrasts with (i) theories that suggest that trait optimization and high growth occur in the most common resource level and (ii) empirical evidence showing that high trait optimization can be also found at low resource levels. This raises the question of how are traits and growth optimized in highly diverse plant communities? Here, we propose a series of hypotheses about how traits and growth are expected to be maximized under different resource levels (low, the most common, and high) in tree seedling communities from a subtropical forest in Puerto Rico. We studied the variation in the distribution of biomass allocation and leaf traits and seedlings growth rate along four resource gradients: light availability (canopy openness) and soil K, Mg, and N contents. Our analyses consisted of comparing community trait means, trait kurtosis (a measurement of trait optimization), and relative growth rates at three resource levels (low, common, and high). Trait optimization varied across the three resource levels depending on the type of resource and trait, with leaf traits being optimized under high N and in the most common K and Mg conditions, but not at any of the light levels. Also, seedling growth increased at high light conditions and high N and K but was not related to trait kurtosis. Our results indicate that local-scale variability of soil fertility and understory light conditions result in shifts in species ecological strategies that increase growth despite a weak trait optimization, suggesting the existence of alternative phenotypes that achieve similar high performance. Uncovering the links between abiotic factors, functional trait diversity and performance is necessary to better predict tree responses to future changes in abiotic conditions.

opencc-zeroJan 2023View details →

Interspecific trait variability and local soil conditions modulate grassland model community responses to climate

High elevation grasslands provide critical services in agriculture and ecosystem stabilization. However, these ecosystems face elevated risks of disturbance due to predicted soil and climate changes. We experimentally exposed model grassland communities, comprised of three species grown on either local or reference soil, to varied climatic environments along an elevational gradient in the European Alps, measuring the effects on species and community traits. Although species-specific biomass varied across soil and climate, species' proportional contributions to community-level biomass production remained consistent. Where species experienced low survivorship, species-specific biomass production was maintained through increased production of surviving individuals. Species responded directionally to climatic variation, segregating differentially by plant traits (including height, reproduction, biomass, survival, leaf dry weight, and leaf area) across all sites. Local soil variation drove stochastic trait responses across all species. This soil variability obscured climate-driven responses: we recorded no directional trait responses driven by climate. Our species-based approach contributes to our understanding of grassland community stabilization and suggests that these communities show some stability under climatic variation.

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Fig. 7 in Functional characterization of an Indian sandalwood (Santalum album L.) dual-localized bifunctional nerolidol/linalool synthase gene involved in stress response

Fig. 7. Expression levels of the SaNES/LIS gene in different tissues.

opennotspecifiedMar 2021View details →

FDG-PET Directed Treatment in Improving Response in Patients With Locally Advanced Stomach or Gastroesophageal Junction Cancer

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02485834. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.

Pre-operative Chemotherapy Plus Bevacizumab With Early Salvage Therapy Based on PET Assessment of Response in Patients With Locally Advanced But Resectable Gastric and GEJ Adenocarcinoma

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00737438. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.

A Pilot Study of Response-Driven Adaptive Radiation Therapy for Patients With Locally Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02492867. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.

Pembrolizumab in Treating Patients With Hormone Receptor Positive, Localized Inflammatory Breast Cancer Who Are Receiving Hormone Therapy and Did Not Achieve a Pathological Complete Response to Chemot

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02971748. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.

Patients With Asymptomatic Hyperuricemia Have Stronger Local Inflammatory Response and Worse Outcome After Total Knee Arthroplasty

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05476367. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 0. Publications: 1.

S9431: Studying Genes and Immune Response in Tumor Samples From Patients With Locally Advanced or Metastatic Melanoma

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00898183. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 0. Publications: 1.

Homologous Recombination Repair Status as a Biomarker of Response in Locally Recurrent/Metastatic Triple Negative Breast Cancer Patients Treated With Concurrent Cisplatin and Radiation Therapy

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02422498. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.

publicFeb 2016View details →

Data from: The genetics of intra- and interspecific competitive response and effect in a local population of an annual plant species

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publicJan 2016View details →

Data from: Local adaptation in transgenerational responses to predators

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publicJan 2023View details →

Interspecific trait variability and local soil conditions modulate grassland model community responses to climate

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publicDec 2019View details →

Local thermal adaptation and limited gene flow constrain future climate responses of a marine ecosystem engineer

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