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FIGURE 1 in Description and molecular phylogeny of Tethya leysae sp. nov. (Porifera, Demospongiae, Hadromerida) from the Canadian Northeast Pacific with remarks on the use of microtomography in sponge taxonomy

FIGURE 1. Type locality of T. leysae sp. nov. in the Northeast Pacific, around Ohiat Islet, Barkley Sound, near Bamfield, Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada, North America.

FIGURE 3 in Description and molecular phylogeny of Tethya leysae sp. nov. (Porifera, Demospongiae, Hadromerida) from the Canadian Northeast Pacific with remarks on the use of microtomography in sponge taxonomy

FIGURE 3. Skeletal and overall anatomy of T. leysae sp. nov. (resin slice preparation of the holotype). A. Cross section through cortex (Co) and choanosome (Ch); radial megasclere bundles (rMSB) fan out slightly in the peripheral cortex region. B. – C. Details of the cortex (B) and choanosome (C). The cortex appears solid with almost no subdermal lacunae; it is densely filled with megasters, in contrast to the very low megaster density of the choanosome. Auxiliary megascleres (aMS) are present in the cortical megasclere bundle fans and separately or grouped in the choanosome. D. – G. Asters in the cortex and the choanoderm; peripheral micrasters (ma) are associated with the exopinacoderm (D); megasters (MA) dominate the cortex; the average distance between megasters is lower than one megaster diameter (D & E, see Fig. 4); A peripheral cortical layer 200 – 400 µm thick is almost completely free of megasters (D), subcortical lacunae are present near the inner cortical boundary, thus appearing partly free of megascleres (E); the choanoderm is largely free of megasters (E–F) or they show up in clouds (G), with a much lower density compared to the cortex.

FIGURE 2. A– B in Description and molecular phylogeny of Tethya leysae sp. nov. (Porifera, Demospongiae, Hadromerida) from the Canadian Northeast Pacific with remarks on the use of microtomography in sponge taxonomy

FIGURE 2. A– B. True to scale comparison between the habitus of T. leysae sp. nov. (A, paratype) and T. californiana (B; figure modified from Sarà & Corriero, 1993). C. Tethya leysae sp. nov in situ in Barkley Sound. Asterisks indicate stalkless buds. The image is a scan of a diapositive; neither the used film material nor the scanner was color-calibrated; therefore, the colors might deviate from natural colors (image courtesy of S. Leys, Edmonton).

FIGURE 4. Virtual 3D in Description and molecular phylogeny of Tethya leysae sp. nov. (Porifera, Demospongiae, Hadromerida) from the Canadian Northeast Pacific with remarks on the use of microtomography in sponge taxonomy

FIGURE 4. Virtual 3D reconstructions of the cortical skeleton of T. leysae sp. nov. (holotype) imaged using synchrotron radiation-based x-ray micro computer tomography (SR µCT). The massive megasclere bundles reach diameters of up to 500 µm; there is no free space between asters and megasclere bundles as sometimes seen in other Tethya species; patchy aster-free regions are occupied by canals (tissue not visible in spicule-optimized SR µCT, see Nickel et al. 2006a, b). A. – B. Block diagrams of cortex preparations from the holotype (A) and the paratype (B). C. Detail cropped from the paratype (coordinate system in mm). Additional 3D-renderings of the holotype as well as the paratype are available upon request.

FIGURE 18 in A phylogeny and taxonomy of the Thai-Malay Peninsula Bent-toed Geckos of the Cyrtodactylus pulchellus complex (Squamata: Gekkonidae): combined morphological and molecular analyses with descriptions of seven new species

FIGURE 18. Type series and additional specimens examined of Cyrtodactylus australotitiwangsaensis. Upper row: type series from left to right; holotype ZRC 2.6979, paratypes LSUHC 8089–90, ZRC 2.6980, LSUHC 8088, 6637. Lower row: additional specimens examined from type locality from left to right; LSUHC 8087, 9107, 9108, from Genting Highlands from left to right ZRC 2.5396, from Gunung Angsi from left to right ZRC 2.1181, 2.1180.

FIGURE 16 in A phylogeny and taxonomy of the Thai-Malay Peninsula Bent-toed Geckos of the Cyrtodactylus pulchellus complex (Squamata: Gekkonidae): combined morphological and molecular analyses with descriptions of seven new species

FIGURE 16. Type series and additional specimens examined of Cyrtodactylus trilatofasciatus. Upper row: type series from left to right; holotype ZRC 2.6976, paratypes ZRC 2.6977–78, LSUHC 10461. Lower row: additional specimens examined from type locality from left to right: LSUHC ZRC 2.1178, 2.1179.

FIGURE 14 in A phylogeny and taxonomy of the Thai-Malay Peninsula Bent-toed Geckos of the Cyrtodactylus pulchellus complex (Squamata: Gekkonidae): combined morphological and molecular analyses with descriptions of seven new species

FIGURE 14. Type series and additional specimens examined of Cyrtodactylus bintangrendah. Upper row from left to right: holotype ZRC 2.6973 and paratypes LSUHC 10520 and ZRC 2.6974 from Bukit Mertajam; paratypes ZRC 2.6975 from Palong, LSUHC 10331 from Ulu Paip, ZRC 2.117. Additional specimen examined; ZRC 2.1177 from Gunung Pondok. Lower row: paratypes LSUHC 9974, 9975, 9976 from Lenggong Valley. Additional specimen examined; LSUHC 9977 from Lenggong Valley.

FIGURE 12 in A phylogeny and taxonomy of the Thai-Malay Peninsula Bent-toed Geckos of the Cyrtodactylus pulchellus complex (Squamata: Gekkonidae): combined morphological and molecular analyses with descriptions of seven new species

FIGURE 12. Type series of Cyrtodactylus bintangtinggi. Upper row from left to right: holotype ZRC 2.6970, paratypes from left to right ZRC 2.6971–72, LSUHC 9006. Lower row: paratypes from left to right LSUHC 9007, 9008, 9009, 9010.

FIGURE 13 in A phylogeny and taxonomy of the Thai-Malay Peninsula Bent-toed Geckos of the Cyrtodactylus pulchellus complex (Squamata: Gekkonidae): combined morphological and molecular analyses with descriptions of seven new species

FIGURE 13. Cyrtodactylus bintangrendah. Upper left: ZRC 2.6974 (paratype); adult male from Bukit Mertajam, Penang, Malaysia (photo by E. Quah). Upper right: LSUDPC 6320; adult female from Bukit Panchor, Penang, Malaysia (photo by E. Quah). Middle left: LSUHC 9974 adult male (paratype) from Lenggong Valley, Perak, Peninsular Malaysia (photo by M. Muin). Middle right: LSUHC 9977; juvenile from Bukit Mertajam, Penang, Malaysia (photo by E. Quah). Lower left: granite habitat of C. bintangrendah at Bukit Mertajam, Penang, Malaysia (photo by E. Quah). Lower right: karst habitat of C. bintangrendah at Gua Puteri, Lenggong Valley, Perak, Malaysia (photo by M. A. Muin).

FIGURE 11 in A phylogeny and taxonomy of the Thai-Malay Peninsula Bent-toed Geckos of the Cyrtodactylus pulchellus complex (Squamata: Gekkonidae): combined morphological and molecular analyses with descriptions of seven new species

FIGURE 11. Cyrtodactylus bintangtinggi. Upper left: ZRC 2.6970 (holotype); adult male from Bukit Larut, Perak, Malaysia (photo by L. Grismer). Upper right: LSUDPC 5357; hatchling from Bukit Larut, Perak, Malaysia (photo by L. Grismer). Lower left: LSUDPC 6319; adult female from Gunung Bubu, Perak, Malaysia (photo by D. Belabut). Lower right: granite rock microhabitat of C. bintangtinggi at Bukit Larut, Perak, Malaysia (photo by L. Grismer).

FIGURE 15 in A phylogeny and taxonomy of the Thai-Malay Peninsula Bent-toed Geckos of the Cyrtodactylus pulchellus complex (Squamata: Gekkonidae): combined morphological and molecular analyses with descriptions of seven new species

FIGURE 15. Cyrtodactylus trilatofasciatus from Ringlet, Cameron Highlands, Pahang, Malaysia. Upper left: LSUHC 10461 (paratype); adult female. Upper right: LSUDPC 5892; adult female. Lower left: ZRC 2.6976 (holotype); adult male. Lower right: Lower montane forest habitat of C. trilatofasciatus at Cameron Highlands, Pahang, Malaysia. All photos by L. Grismer.

FIGURE 10 in A phylogeny and taxonomy of the Thai-Malay Peninsula Bent-toed Geckos of the Cyrtodactylus pulchellus complex (Squamata: Gekkonidae): combined morphological and molecular analyses with descriptions of seven new species

FIGURE 10. Type series and additional specimens examined of Cyrtodactylus langkawiensis. Upper row: type series from left to right; holotype ZRC 2.6966, paratypes from left to right ZRC 2.6967–68, LSUHC 9123–24, ZRC 2.6969. Lower row: additional specimens examined from type locality from left to right; LSUHC 9436, 9435 and three juveniles.

FIGURE 9 in A phylogeny and taxonomy of the Thai-Malay Peninsula Bent-toed Geckos of the Cyrtodactylus pulchellus complex (Squamata: Gekkonidae): combined morphological and molecular analyses with descriptions of seven new species

FIGURE 9. Cyrtodactylus langkawiensis from Wat Wanaram, Pulau Langkawi, Kedah, Peninsular Malaysia. Upper left: LSUHC 9123, adult female. Upper right: LSUDPC 4694; gravid female. Lower left: LSUDPC 5196; adult male. Lower right: karst microhabitat of C. langkawiensis at Wat Wanaram, Kedah, Peninsular Malaysia. All photos by L. Grismer.

FIGURE 6 in A phylogeny and taxonomy of the Thai-Malay Peninsula Bent-toed Geckos of the Cyrtodactylus pulchellus complex (Squamata: Gekkonidae): combined morphological and molecular analyses with descriptions of seven new species

FIGURE 6. Type series and additional specimens examined of Cyrtodactylus astrum. Upper: Type series from left to right; holotype ZRC 2.6962, paratypes ZRC 2.6963, LSUHC 8810, 8816, ZRC 2.6964, 2.6965. Lower: additional specimens examined.

FIGURE 4 in A phylogeny and taxonomy of the Thai-Malay Peninsula Bent-toed Geckos of the Cyrtodactylus pulchellus complex (Squamata: Gekkonidae): combined morphological and molecular analyses with descriptions of seven new species

FIGURE 4. Cyrtodactylus pulchellus from Penang Island, Penang, Malaysia. Upper left: LSUDPC 5435; adult male from the Botanical Gardens (photo by L. Grismer). Upper right: LSUDPC 6315; juvenile from Penang Hill (photo by E. Quah). Lower left: LSUDPC 6316; adult female from Air Terjun Titi Kerawang (photo by E. Ouah). Lower right: granite rock-forest microhabitat of C. pulchellus at Air Terjun Titi Kerawang (photo by E. Quah).

FIGURE 19 in A phylogeny and taxonomy of the Thai-Malay Peninsula Bent-toed Geckos of the Cyrtodactylus pulchellus complex (Squamata: Gekkonidae): combined morphological and molecular analyses with descriptions of seven new species

FIGURE 19. Cyrtodactylus macrotuberculatus. Upper left: LSUDPC 1461; subadult male from Gunung Machinchang, Pulau Langkawi (photo by L. Grismer). Upper right: LSUHC 9673; adult female from Hutan Lipur Sungai Pachat at the base of Gunung Jerai, Kedah, Malaysia (photo by L. Grismer). Middle left: LSUHC 9432; adult female from Gunung Raya, Pulau Langkawi, Kedah, Malaysia (photo by L. Grismer). Middle right: LSUDPC 6322; adult male from Songkhla, Thailand (photo by M. Sumontha). Lower left: LSUDPC 6323; hatchling from Ulu Muda, Kedah, Malaysia (photo by E. Quah). Lower right: LSUDPC 6324; adult male from La-ngu District, Satun Province, Thailand (photo by M. Sumontha).

FIGURE 8 in A phylogeny and taxonomy of the Thai-Malay Peninsula Bent-toed Geckos of the Cyrtodactylus pulchellus complex (Squamata: Gekkonidae): combined morphological and molecular analyses with descriptions of seven new species

FIGURE 8. Type series and additional specimens examined of Cyrtodactylus lekaguli. Upper row: type series from left to right FMNH 215987, 215895, 215986, 176885. Additional specimens examined from type locality from left to right: MS 441, 442. Lower row: additional specimens examined from Satun Province, Thailand from left to right: MS 401, 445, 446 and from Surat Thani Province, Thailand MS 519 and Phang-nga Province, Thailand MS 79; paratype IRSNB 2678 from Phang-nga Privince, Thailand.

FIGURE 5 in A phylogeny and taxonomy of the Thai-Malay Peninsula Bent-toed Geckos of the Cyrtodactylus pulchellus complex (Squamata: Gekkonidae): combined morphological and molecular analyses with descriptions of seven new species

FIGURE 5. Cyrtodactylus astrum. Upper left: ZRC 2.6962 (holotype); adult male from Wang Kelian, Perlis, Malaysia (photo by L. Grismer). Upper right: LSUDPC 6317; adult male from La-ngu District, Satun Province, Thailand (photo by M. Sumontha). Lower left: LSUHC 10024; hatchling from Wang Kelian, Perlis, Malaysia (photo by L. Grismer). Lower right: karst habitat of C. astrum in Perlis State Park, Perlis (photo by L. Grismer).

FIGURE 3 in A phylogeny and taxonomy of the Thai-Malay Peninsula Bent-toed Geckos of the Cyrtodactylus pulchellus complex (Squamata: Gekkonidae): combined morphological and molecular analyses with descriptions of seven new species

FIGURE 3. Distribution of the species of the Cyrtodactylus pulchellus complex. Closed circles represent localities from which specimens have been examined genetically and/or morphologically (see appendix and Table 1). Closed squares are localities from which specimens have been only examined morphologically or photographically (see appendix). Closed stars represent the type localities from where specimens have been examined genetically, morphologically and photographically. 1. Suwankuha Cave, Muang District, Phang-nga Province, Thailand. 2. Petch Phanomwung Cave, Kanchanadit District, Surat Thani Province, Thailand. 3. Phuket Island 4. Khao Chong waterfall, Khao Chamao, Khaochong District, Trang Province, Thailand. 5. Phattalung Province, Thailand. 6. Rattabhumi District, Songkhla, Thailand. 7. La-ngu District, Satun Province, Thailand (three squares). 8. Gua Wang Burma, Perlis State Park, Perlis, Malaysia (two circles). 9. Wang Kelian, Perlis, Malaysia. 10. Adang Island, Satun Province, Thailand. 11. Pulau Langkawi, Kedah, Malaysia (two stars). 12. Gua Kelam and Bukit Chabang, Malaysia (two circles). 13. Kuala Perlis, Perlis, Malaysia. 14. Chuping, Perlis, Malaysia. 15. Bukit Wang, Kedah, Malaysia. 16. Ulu Muda, Kedah, Malaysia. 17. Gunung Jerai and Hutan Lipur Sungai Tupah, Kedah, Malaysia (two circles). 18. Bukit Palong, Perak, Malaysia. 19. Ulu Paip, Kedah, Malaysia. 20. Bukit Mertajam, Penang, Malaysia. 21. Pulau Pinang, Penang, Malaysia. 22. Lengong Valley, Perak, Malaysia. 23. Bukit Panchor, Penang, Malaysia. 24. Bukit Larut, Perak, Malaysia. 25. Bukit Pondok, Perak, Malaysia. 26. Ringlet, Cameron Highlands, Pahang, Malaysia. 27. Gunung Bubu, Perak, Malaysia. 28. Fraser's Hill, Pahang, Malaysia. 29. Genting Highlands, Pahang, Malaysia. 30. Gunung Angsi, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia. P = Tham Phung Chang Cave, Phang-nga City, Muang District, Phang-nga Province, Thailand. U = Nakon Si Thammarat Province; specific locality unknown.

FIGURE 2 in A phylogeny and taxonomy of the Thai-Malay Peninsula Bent-toed Geckos of the Cyrtodactylus pulchellus complex (Squamata: Gekkonidae): combined morphological and molecular analyses with descriptions of seven new species

FIGURE 2. Phylogenetic relationships of the Cyrtodactylus pulchellus complex in relationship to the species' distribution on the Thai-Malay Peninsula. Dots represent localities from which genetic samples and/or specimens were examined. The thick dashed line represents the Kangar-Pattani Line.