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FIG. 3 in Populations of a new morphotype of corrugate Lessonia Bory in the Beagle Channel, sub-Antarctic Magellanic ecoregion: a possible case of on-going speciation
FIG. 3. — Internal morphology of the corrugate Lessonia Bory: A, small angular meristodermal cells on the surface of blade; B, transverse section through a sterile portion of the blade; C, detail of meristoderm and cortex showing cells with full (right arrow) and reduced (left arrow) protoplast and golden bodies in outer cortex and mid cortex; and rounded light refracting bodies (arrowheads); D, detail of medulla showing cylindrical cells (arrow) and some elongated filaments (arrowhead) immersed in a dense intercellular matrix; E, surface view of a sorus; F, transverse section through a sorus; G, detail of sorus. Abbreviations: mer, meristoderm; oc, outer cortex; mc, mid cortex; ic, inner cortex; m, medulla; p, paraphyses; l, part of the lacuna; s, sporangia. Scale bars: A, 15 µm; B, 50 µm; C, G, 20 µm; D, E, 40 µm; F, 30 µm.
FIG. 1 in Populations of a new morphotype of corrugate Lessonia Bory in the Beagle Channel, sub-Antarctic Magellanic ecoregion: a possible case of on-going speciation
FIG. 1. — Map of the sub-Antarctic ecoregion of Magellan showing the collection sites of the corrugate morphotype of Lessonia Bory, Lessonia flavicans Bory, and Lessonia searlesiana Asensi & Reviers. Strait of Magellan-Cockburn channel: a, Fuerte Bulnes; b, Carlos III Island. Beagle channel-Orange Bay: c, London Island; d, Puerto Aguirre; e, London Island; f, Cormoran Bay; g, Paula Cove; h, Puerto Toro; i, Tekenika Bay; j, Orange Bay. Cape Horn-Diego Ramirez Island: k, Diego Ramirez Island.
FIG. 2. — A in Populations of a new morphotype of corrugate Lessonia Bory in the Beagle Channel, sub-Antarctic Magellanic ecoregion: a possible case of on-going speciation
FIG. 2. — A, External morphology of the corrugate Lessonia Bory showing the brownish terete stipe; B, corrugated blades; C, that arise from the base of the blade and from dichotomously divided branches; D, the holdfast is rhizoidal in shape and composed mainly of fused haptera. Scale bars: holotype, 30 cm; A, C, 2 cm; B, 5 cm; D, 8 cm.
FIGURE 10 in Multigene phylogeny reveals the ribbed shell morphotypes in the land snail genus Sarika (Eupulmonata: Ariophantidae), with description of two new species from Thailand and Myanmar
FIGURE 10 Spermatophore of Sarika costabilis sp. nov. paratype CUMZ 7945. A) General view of spermatophore that was broken into two parts. B) Head filament. C–E) Tail filament. C) Three spines located close to the sperm sac. D) Region with and without branching spines. E) Branching spines on the tip region. Red dashed line indicates a series of ten branching spines near the middle length.
FIGURE 9 in Multigene phylogeny reveals the ribbed shell morphotypes in the land snail genus Sarika (Eupulmonata: Ariophantidae), with description of two new species from Thailand and Myanmar
FIGURE 9 Genitalia of Sarika spp. A, B) S. costabilis sp. nov. paratype CUMZ 7945. A) General view of the genital system. B) Internal structure of penis. C, D) S. costata sp. nov. paratype CUMZ 7947. C) General view of the genital system. D) Internal structure of penis. White arrows indicate the end of penis.
FIGURE 11 in Multigene phylogeny reveals the ribbed shell morphotypes in the land snail genus Sarika (Eupulmonata: Ariophantidae), with description of two new species from Thailand and Myanmar
FIGURE 11 Radula of Sarika spp. A) S. theodori specimen CUMZ 7942. B) S. siamensis specimen CUMZ 7951. C) S. costabilis sp. nov. paratype CUMZ 7945. D) S. costata sp. nov. paratype CUMZ 7947. Central tooth indicated by 'C' and blue colour; yellow colour indicates lateral teeth in the transition to marginal teeth.
FIGURE 8 in Multigene phylogeny reveals the ribbed shell morphotypes in the land snail genus Sarika (Eupulmonata: Ariophantidae), with description of two new species from Thailand and Myanmar
FIGURE 8 Shells of Sarika spp. A, B) S. costabilis sp. nov. A) Holotype CUMZ 7943. B) Paratype CUMZ 7944. C, D) S. costata sp. nov. C) Holotype CUMZ 7946. D) Paratype CUMZ 7947.
FIGURE 5 in Multigene phylogeny reveals the ribbed shell morphotypes in the land snail genus Sarika (Eupulmonata: Ariophantidae), with description of two new species from Thailand and Myanmar
FIGURE 5 Spermatophore of Sarika theodori, specimen CUMZ 7941. A) General view of spermatophore that was broken into two parts. B) Head filament. C–E) Tail filament. C) Three spines located close to the sperm sac. D) Region with and without branching spines. E) Branching spines on the tip region. Yellow arrow indicates the end of spines from the tip.
FIGURE 4 in Multigene phylogeny reveals the ribbed shell morphotypes in the land snail genus Sarika (Eupulmonata: Ariophantidae), with description of two new species from Thailand and Myanmar
FIGURE 4 Genitalia of Sarika spp. A, B) S. theodori, specimen CUMZ 7941. A) General view of the genital system. B) Internal structure of penis. C, D) S. siamensis, specimen CUMZ 7952. C) General view of the genital system. D) Internal structure of penis. Yellow arrow indicates the end of epiphallic caecum. White arrows indicate the end of penis.
FIGURE 2 in Multigene phylogeny reveals the ribbed shell morphotypes in the land snail genus Sarika (Eupulmonata: Ariophantidae), with description of two new species from Thailand and Myanmar
FIGURE 2 Bayesian inference tree based on a 1495 bp concatenated alignment dataset of COI + 16S + 28S genes. Numbers by the nodes are the Bayesian posterior probabilities (left) and ML bootstrap values (right); shown only for the nodes supported by BI ≥ 0.95 or ML ≥ 70%. Clade A consists of the S. resplendens-S. hainesi species groups. Clade B consists of the S. siamensis species group. Images of living snails are not to scale.
FIGURE 6 in Multigene phylogeny reveals the ribbed shell morphotypes in the land snail genus Sarika (Eupulmonata: Ariophantidae), with description of two new species from Thailand and Myanmar
FIGURE 6 Spermatophore of Sarika siamensis, specimen CUMZ 7951. A) General view of spermatophore that was broken into two parts. B) Head filament. C–E) Tail filament. C) Three spines located close to the sperm sac. D) Region with and without branching spines. E) Branching spines on the tip region. Yellow arrow indicates the end of spines from the tip.
FIGURE 1 in Multigene phylogeny reveals the ribbed shell morphotypes in the land snail genus Sarika (Eupulmonata: Ariophantidae), with description of two new species from Thailand and Myanmar
FIGURE 1 Geographic distribution of ribbed shell Sarika spp. based on the specimens examined herein. A) Distribution of S. theodori, S. costabilis sp. nov., and S. costata sp. nov. B) Distribution of S. siamensis. Black symbols indicate the DNA extracted specimens used in the molecular analysis; white symbols indicate shells or other preserved specimens.
FIGURE 3 in Multigene phylogeny reveals the ribbed shell morphotypes in the land snail genus Sarika (Eupulmonata: Ariophantidae), with description of two new species from Thailand and Myanmar
FIGURE 3 Shells of Sarika spp. A, B) S. theodori. A) Specimen NHMUK 1988.12.4.1514. B) Specimen CUMZ 7941. C, D) S. siamensis. C) Specimen CUMZ 7949. D) Specimen CUMZ 7950.
Data from: The impact of personality, morphotype and shore-height on temperature-mediated behavioural responses in the beadlet anemone (Actinia equina)
1. Between-individual variation in behavioural phenotype, termed personality, is an important determinant of how populations cope with acute environmental fluctuation related to climate change. 2. Personality in the beadlet sea anemone (Actinia equina) is linked to genetically distinct morphotypes, which are associated with different heights on the shore. In the intertidal zone, high-shore environments experience more environmental fluctuation due to longer periods of exposure, and animals adapted to live in these environments are predicted to deal more effectively with environmental perturbation than their low-shore counterparts. 3. We collected beadlet anemones of two different morphotypes from three different shore-heights. We investigated variation in two behaviours at three different temperatures and in a temporal control treatment where the temperature was not changed: startle response-time, the time it took an anemone to re-extend its tentacles after a threatening stimulus, and immersion response-time, the time to re-extend tentacles after simulated tidal immersion. These behaviours reflect risk taking and allow individuals to be categorised as bold, shy or intermediate based upon response-times. 4. Both behaviours showed significant changes as the temperature increased. For immersion-response, the morphotype associated with the low-shore lengthened response-times at high temperatures. For startle-response, all animals lengthened their response-times at high temperatures but animals collected from the low-shore lengthened theirs to the greatest degree. At the individual level, although control individuals exhibited temporal changes in their response-times, a clear effect of temperature was present in both behaviours. Shy and bold individuals became more intermediate at higher temperatures in immersion-response (this effect was present to a lesser degree in control individuals), while intermediate individuals raised their response-times at higher temperatures for startle-response. 5. Given that prolonged tentacle retraction reduces foraging opportunities and can negatively impact respiratory efficiency, our data suggest that some individuals within a single population of A.equina, particularly those associated with the lower-shore, may exhibit less effective behavioural responses to temperature-shifts than others. These findings demonstrate that acute temperature changes influence risk-taking, and could have profound short and long-term implications for survival in the face of climate change. 16-Jun-2020
Data from: Novel track morphotypes from new tracksites indicate increased Middle Jurassic dinosaur diversity on the Isle of Skye Scotland
<p>Dinosaur fossils from the Middle Jurassic are rare globally, but the Isle of Skye (Scotland, UK) preserves a varied dinosaur record of abundant trace fossils and rare body fossils from this time. Here we describe two new tracksites from Rubha nam Brathairean (Brothers' Point) near where the first dinosaur footprint in Scotland was found in the 1980s. These sites were formed in subaerially exposed mudstones of the Lealt Shale Formation of the Great Estuarine Group and record a dynamic, subtropical, coastal margin. These tracksites preserve a wide variety of dinosaur track types, including a novel morphotype for Skye: <i>Deltapodus</i> which has a probable stegosaur trackmaker. Additionally, a wide variety of tridactyl tracks shows evidence of multiple theropods of different sizes and possibly hints at the presence of large-bodied ornithopods. Overall, the new tracksites show the dinosaur fauna of Skye is more diverse than previously recognized and give insight into the early evolution of major dinosaur groups whose Middle Jurassic body fossil records are currently sparse.</p>
Data from: Mechanical morphotype switching as an adaptive response in Mycobacteria
<p><span>Invading microbes face a myriad of cidal mechanisms of phagocytes that inflict physical damage to microbial structures. How intracellular bacterial pathogens adapt to these stresses is not fully understood. Here, we report a new virulence mechanism by which changes to the mechanical stiffness of the mycobacterial cell surface confers refraction to killing during infection. Long-Term Time-Lapse Atomic Force Microscopy was used to reveal a process of "mechanical morphotype switching" in mycobacteria exposed to host intracellular stress. A "soft" mechanical morphotype switch enhances tolerance to intracellular macrophage stress, including cathelicidin. Both pharmacologic treatment, with bedaquiline, and a genetic mutant lacking <em>uvrA</em> modified the basal mechanical state of mycobacteria into a "soft" mechanical morphotype, enhancing survival in macrophages. Our study proposes microbial cell mechanical adaptation as a critical axis for surviving host-mediated stressors.</span></p>
Fig. 1 in Taxonomic implications of describing a new species of Loimia (Annelida, Terebellidae) with two size-dependent morphotypes
Fig. 1. Loimia davidi sp. nov., holotype (CEAB A.P. 935A), living. A. Entire body in two fragments.
Biogeographic distribution and divergent assembly process of cyanobacterial morphotypes in biocrusts across northwestern China
<p><span>The patterns of biogeographical distribution and assembly processes of microbiota are of vital importance for understanding ecological adaptation and functioning maintenance. However, the role of their morphological characteristics in microbial assembly is still poorly ascertained. Here, by integrating high-throughput sequencing and<span> </span>robust extrapolation of traits, we investigated taxonomic and phylogenetic turnovers of various cyanobacterial morphotypes in biocrusts to evaluate the contributions of deterministic and stochastic processes across a large scale of drylands. The results showed that the non-heterocyst filamentous category dominated biocrusts in the arid ecosystem and exhibited strong tolerance against environmental fluctuations. Despite thesignificant distance-decay relationship of <em>β</em>-diversity detected in all categories, both species composition and phylogenetic turnover rates of coccoid cyanobacteria were higher than non-heterocyst filamentous and heterocystous morphotypes. Moreover, the assembly of cyanobacteria was driven by different ecological processes that the entire community and non-heterocyst filamentous morphotype were governed by deterministic processes, while stochasticity prevailed in heterocystous and coccoid cyanobacteria. However, aridity can modulate the balance between determinism and stochasticity and prompt a shifting threshold among morphotypes, generating an alteration in community composition. <a name="_Hlk121763045"></a>Our findings provide a unique perspective to understanding the role of microbial morphology in community assembly, highlighting the differentiation of biogeographic distribution, environmental response, and species preference between cyanobacterial morphotypes with consideration of potential functional consequences.</span></p>
Environmental predictors and invertebrate morphotypes in caves of Iuiú, Bahia, Brazil
<p>In caves, the absence of natural light in deeper regions starkly contrasts with the entrance areas, which still exhibit a light gradient extending into the cave interior. This interplay with the structural gradient of the environment potentially exerts distinct influences on invertebrate communities residing in different cave light zones. To investigate this, we formulated a hypothesis positing that communities within distinct cave light zones respond differently to habitat structure and microclimatic conditions. Our approach involved a spatial multi-scale sampling of invertebrates and the application of statistical analyses to contrast the responses of communities inhabiting photic and aphotic zones. Photic zone richness is influenced by factors such as air moisture, resource availability, root presence, and shelter diversity. In contrast, the richness of communities in aphotic zones is shaped by resource availability, the presence of roots, branches, and distance from the cave entrance. As expected, the richness in the photic zone surpasses that of the deeper regions, highlighting the challenges faced by invertebrates attempting to establish themselves in the aphotic zone. The species composition of faunal communities varied predictably from the entrance to the aphotic zone, and the three most important factors driving this variation were geographic distance, humidity, and distance from the entrance. The composition between these cave zones differs significantly, primarily due to the high number of obligate cave species predominantly inhabiting the aphotic region. Indeed, communities associated with different cave zones exhibit distinct responses to resource, microclimatic, and structural variables.</p>
FIG. 74. Punctate elytral morphotype 78, VMNH 95456 in Remarkable Diversity Of Beetles (Coleoptera) In The Late Triassic (Norian) "Solite Deposit" Of Virginia And North Carolina
FIG. 74. Punctate elytral morphotype 78, VMNH 95456. Scale bar: 1 mm.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.