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388 results for “organic matter”
Data files of an experiment of organic matter decomposition
<p>There is two data files use in the analyses realized for an article looking at organic matter decomposition in a litterbag reciprocal transplant experiment at the Université de Montréal's field station (Station de Biologie des Laurentides) using permanent forest plots . These files are used in R scripts available on GituHub.</p> <p>data_bags.csv contains sample information and experimental measured variables such as mass loss</p> <p>soil_sotck.csv contains plot information and soil stocks of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus</p>
FIG. 6 in Trophic position of some Late Devonian-Carboniferous (Mississippian) conodonts revealed on carbon organic matter isotope signatures: a case study of the East European basin
FIG. 6. — Bivariate plot for bulk carbonate δ13Cand conodont δ13Cvalues. carb org
FIG. 4 in Trophic position of some Late Devonian-Carboniferous (Mississippian) conodonts revealed on carbon organic matter isotope signatures: a case study of the East European basin
FIG. 4. — Organic carbon isotope compositions of conodonts measured in the study.
Data from: Organic matter and nutrient inputs from large wildlife influence ecosystem function in the Mara River, Africa
Animals can be important vectors for the movement of resources across ecosystem boundaries. Animals add resources to ecosystems primarily through egestion, excretion and carcasses, and the stoichiometry and bioavailability of these inputs likely interacts with characteristics of the recipient ecosystem to determine their effects on ecosystem function. We studied the influence of hippopotamus excretion/egestion and wildebeest carcasses, and their interactions with discharge, in the Mara River, Kenya. We measured nutrient dissolution and decomposition rates of wildlife inputs, the influence of inputs on nutrient concentrations and nutrient limitation in the river and the influence of inputs on biofilm growth and function in both experimental streams and along a gradient of inputs in the river. We found that hippopotamus excretion/egestion increase ammonium and coarse particulate organic matter in the river, and wildebeest carcasses increase ammonium, soluble reactive phosphorus, and total phosphorus. Concentrations of dissolved carbon and nutrients in the water column increased along a gradient of wildlife inputs and during low discharge, although concentrations of particulate carbon decreased during low discharge due to deposition on the river bottom. Autotrophs were nitrogen-limited, and heterotrophs were carbon-limited and nitrogen- and phosphorus- co-limited, upstream of animal inputs, but there was no nutrient limitation downstream of inputs. In experimental streams, hippo and wildebeest inputs together increased biofilm GPP and R. These results differed in the river, where low concentrations of hippo inputs increased gross primary production (GPP) and respiration (R) of biofilms, but high concentrations of hippo inputs in conjunction with wildebeest inputs decreased GPP. Our research shows that inputs from large wildlife alleviate nutrient limitation and stimulate ecosystem metabolism in the Mara River, and that the extent to which these inputs subsidize the ecosystem is mediated by the quantity and quality of inputs and discharge of the river ecosystem. Thus, animal inputs provide an important ecological subsidy to this river, and animal inputs were likely important in many other rivers prior to the widespread extirpation of large wildlife.
Reactivity, fate and functional roles of dissolved organic matter in anoxic inland waters
<p class="Textkrper1">The transit of organic matter (OM) through the aquatic compartment of its global cycle has been intensively studied, traditionally with a focus on the processing and degradation of its dissolved fraction (DOM). Because this is so intimately related to oxidation, the notion tenaciously persists that where dioxygen (O<sub>2</sub>) is absent, DOM turnover is markedly slowed. In this Opinion Piece, we outline how diverse processes shape, transform and degrade DOM also in anoxic aquatic environments, and we focus here on inland waters as a particular case study. A suite of biogeochemical DOM functions that have received comparatively little attention may only be expressed in anoxic conditions, and may result in enhanced biogeochemical roles of these deoxygenated habitats on a network scale.</p>
Data from: Animal-mediated organic matter transformation: aquatic insects as a source of microbially bioavailable organic nutrients and energy
1. Animal communities are essential drivers of energy and elemental flow in ecosystems. However, few studies have investigated the functional role of animals as sources of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and the subsequent utilization of that DOM by the microbial community. 2. In a small forested headwater stream, we tested the effects of taxonomy, feeding traits, and body size on the quality and quantity of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) excreted by aquatic insects. In addition, we conducted steady-state solute additions to estimate instream demand for labile C and compared it to the C excreted by invertebrates. 3. Individual excretion rates and excretion composition varied with body size, taxonomy, and feeding guild. The estimated average community excretion rate was 1.31 μg DOC· per mg insect dry weight (DW)-1·h-1 and 0.33 μg DON·mg DW-1·h-1 and individuals excreted DON at nearly twice the rate of 〖"NH" 〗_"4" ^"+" . This DOM was 2-5 times more bioavailable to microbial heterotrophs than ambient stream water DOM. 4. We estimated that the insect community, conservatively, excreted 1.62 mg of bioavailable DOC·m-2·h-1 and through steady-state additions measured an ambient labile C demand as 3.97±0.67 mg C·m-2·h-1. This suggests that insect-mediated transformation and excretion of labile DOC could satisfy a significant fraction (40±7%) of labile C demand in this small stream. 5. Collectively, our results suggest that animal excretion plays an essential functional role in transforming organic matter into microbially bioavailable forms and may satisfy a variable but significant portion of microbial demand for labile C and N.
Supplementary Data for "Organic matter preservation in ancient soils of Earth and Mars"
<p>Global compilation of organic carbon content (TOC) of paleosols (ancient soils) throughout the geological record on Earth.</p> <p> Pleistocene (1 Ma) to the Archean (3.7 Ga)!</p> <p> </p>
Vertical Stratification of Peat Pore Water Dissolved Organic Matter composition in a peat bog in Northern Minnesota
<p>Currently peatlands represent a sink for carbon dioxide and source of atmospheric methane. It is unclear the impact that climate change will have on these systems. As such, a large-scale ecosystem manipulation (Spruce and Peatland Responses under Climatic and Environmental Change, SPRUCE) has been implemented at a peat bog (S1 bog) at the Marcel Experimental Forest (MEF), Minnesota, USA, to determine the effects of climatic forcing on ecosystem processes in northern peatlands. In this study, we aimed to: (i) identify peat pore water dissolved organic matter (DOM) composition as a function of depth before the initiation of the manipulation experiment and (ii) contribute to the knowledge of DOM chemistry and decomposition processes at the S1 bog. We found strong vertical resolution in DOM molecular composition and optical properties within the peat column at the S1 bog. Surface samples were dominated by inputs from surface vegetation. The mid-depth, 30-75cm was an area of high reactivity and increased microbial activity with diagenetic formation of many unique compounds such as polycyclic aromatic compounds (PAC) that contain both nitrogen and sulfur heteroatoms. These compounds were previously observed in coal-derived products and were assumed to be responsible for coal’s biological activity. Biological processes taking place at the intermediate depth zone of the peat profile at the S1 bog are assumed to be responsible for the formation of these heteroatomic PAC in our system. Conversely, these compounds might stem from black carbon and nitrogen from potential fires that occurred at the site in the past. Surface and deep DOM exhibited more similar characteristics suggesting the possibility of lateral and vertical advection of pore water from the surface to the deeper horizons. Our results highlight the importance of understanding processes that control DOM production and transformation with depth.</p> <p>Included: FTICR MS data and optical properties data</p>
Radionuclide, organic matter, geochemical and colorimetric properties of potential source material and target sediment for conducing sediment fingerprinting approaches in the Dzoumogné reservoir, Mayotte Island, France
<p>The current dataset was compiled to study sediment fingerprintings practices, i.e tracer selection and contribution modelling. Colorimetric properties analysed with a portable diffuse reflectance spectrophotometer (Konica Minolta CM-700d) and geochemical contents obtained with an energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (ED-XRF Epsilon 4), organic matter and stable isotopes were analysed by EA-IRMS and radionuclides using coaxial N- and P- type HPGe detectors (Canberra/Ortec). These properties were analysed in potential source material that may supply sediment to the Dzoumogné reservoir, Mayotte island, France. Three potential soil source materials (n = 57) were considered: cropland (n = 29), forest (n = 13) and subsurface material originating from channel bank collapse, landslides, badlands (n = 16). A sediment core was collected in the Dzoumogné reservoir (Target) on the 8th October 2021 and 20 layers were sampled.</p><p>The current dataset comprises two Excel files including the metadata description and the data itself.</p>
Patterns and drivers of organic matter decomposition in peatland open-water pools
<p>The five .csv files from this entrance comprise data used in Arsenault et al. "Patterns and drivers of organic matter decomposition in peatland open-water pools". This article was published on August 2nd 2024 in Biogeosciences (https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3491-2024).</p> <p>First three files contain data from the three phases of the research: the study spatiotemporal changes in fresh litter chemistry and decomposition rates using litterbags (file 'Arsenault_2024_LB'), the study of spatial variations in peatland pool sediment chemistry and decomposition (file 'Arsenault_2024_inc'), and the study of spatiotemporal change of pool water chemistry (file 'Arsenault_2024_water-chemistry').</p> <p>File 'Arsenault_2024_LB_raw' contains raw data from the litterbag experiment from which we derived the decomposition rate constant 'k' shown in the 'Arsenault_2024_LB' file. File 'Arsenault_2024_inc_raw' contains CH4 and CO2 concentrations and production rates from the incubation experiments.</p> <p>Variable units are shown in column headers.</p>
Sorption of Colored vs Noncolored Organic Matter by Tidal Marsh Soils
<p>Raw Data for publication Sorption of Colored vs Noncolored Organic Matter by Tidal Marsh Soils<span> </span></p> <p><span> </span>Patrick J. Neale, J. Patrick Megonigal, Maria Tzortziou, Elizabeth A. Canuel, Christina R. Pondell, and Hannah Morrissette, Biogeosciences (in press)<span> </span></p> <p>https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2329<span> </span></p> <p>Correspondence:<span> </span>Patrick Neale (nealep@si.edu)<span> </span></p>
Characterizing Macroporous Ion Exchange Membrane Adsorbers for Natural Organic Matter (NOM) removal — Adsorption and Regeneration behavior
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Deciphering the impacts of main inflowing rivers on dissolved organic matter in Lake Daye using isotopes, optical spectroscopy, and FT-ICR-MS during non-flood season
<p>The uploaded data include water quality data, isotopes, DOM fluorescence index and FT ICR MS data of Daye Lake and its inflowing rivers.</p>
A stocktaking of European mid- and long-term experiments dealing with the application of external organic matter (EJP SOIL - EOM4SOIL - D 3.1.1)
<p>Extending and optimizing recycling of organic wastes in agriculture is a key element in shifting conventional agriculture towards systems adapted to both energy depletion and climate change. Long-term field experiments (LTEs) play a crucial role in assessing and modelling the effects of repeated exogenous organic matter (EOM) application to soil, which allows to formulate locally adapted recommendations of use. <br>Nevertheless, a specific database focussing on LTEs dealing with organic fertilization in Europe were missing. To close this gap, we listed LTEs dealing with repeated application of EOM from existing online databases, and collected and harmonized all available metadata. The aim of this work was threefold: (1) to facilitate connections between comparable LTEs to foster data harmonization and compilation, (2) to map the diversity of pedoclimatic contexts and experimental designs in the LTE list and, (3) to highlight current knowledge gaps and research needs. <br>Data were collected from five online databases, allowing us to describe 201 LTEs. Key characteristics such as trial name, responsible institution, location, pedoclimatic context, duration, crop type and availability of online resources are well-described in contrast to LTE goal and owner contact, experimental design, soil type, studied EOM and monitored parameters (EOM characteristics, soil and crop properties), which are more difficult to gather and harmonize. The analysis of LTE metadata highlighted first that substantial harmonization efforts are required, particularly regarding the reporting of soil, crop and EOM properties over time. Second, the survey outlines that some European regions are poorly represented in the database, which may result either from an absence of LTE or from a lack of reporting. To close this gap, we call LTE managers to complete the current database with any missing relevant LTE or additional metadata, using the editable online repository attached to this document. In the future, improvement of predictive models could contribute to provide recommendations of EOM use to uncovered situations, whether in terms of soil, climate or type of EOM. Third, long-term effects on soil properties such as changes in soil biology composition or accumulation of organic contaminants (PFAS, microplastics, antibiotics, ...) appear to be poorly documented. LTEs have a key role to play in answering these emerging questions, having the potential to provide the rationale to fix acceptable thresholds in soils and EOMs for emerging pollutants and accordingly provide the best possible guidelines for the use of EOM in agriculture. </p> <p>See related report at <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14161379" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14161379</a>.</p>
EOM4SOIL - Physico-chemical characteristics of external organic matters (EOMs) database
<p>Physico-chemical characteristics of external organic matters (EOMs) database. The database is a non-relationnal database in column format. Established in the EJP Soil EOM4SOIL project, the database considers physico-chemical characteristics from about 120 types of EOMs encompassing urban, industrial and agricultural origins (e.g. urine, sludge, composts, digestates, farmyard manures; from various origins) and about 90 characteristics (major elements, mineral trace elements, emerging contaminants, mineralised C and N). There is an average of about 20 variables collected per type of EOM. The Physico-chemical characteristics EOM database gathered EOM references collected in national databases and surveys from various European countries completed by data published in scientific articles. </p>
Raw data for the submitted manuscript: The Influence of Soil Organic Matter Content on the Toxicity of Pesticides to the Springtail Folsomia candida
<p>Raw data obtained from toxicity tests with the springtail Folsomia candida exposed for 28 days to chlorpyrifos, lindane, cyproconazole, carbendazim and imidacloprid in artificial soils containing 10%, 5%, 2.5% sphagnum peat, and LUFA 2.2 soil. Tests were performed following OECD guideline 232. The file includes data on springtail survival and reproduction.</p>
Raw data for the manuscript: The influence of soil organic matter content and substance lipophilicity on the toxicity of pesticides to the earthworm Eisenia andrei
<p>Raw data obtained from toxicity tests with the earthworm <em>Eisenia andrei</em> exposed for 56 days to chlorpyrifos, lindane, cyproconazole, carbendazim and imidacloprid in artificial soils containing 10%, 5%, 2.5% sphagnum peat, and LUFA 2.2 soil. Tests were performed following OECD guideline 222. The file includes data on earthworm starting and ending weights, survival, and reproduction.</p>
Combined data file for Jilbert et al. "Anthropogenic Inputs of Terrestrial Organic Matter Influence Carbon Loading and Methanogenesis in Coastal Baltic Sea Sediments", Frontiers in Earth Science 9, 2021
<p>The datafile contains all the new raw data presented in the figures in the publication.</p>
Decay by ectomycorrhizal fungi couples soil organic matter to nitrogen availability
<p>Interactions between soil nitrogen (N) availability, fungal community composition, and soil organic matter (SOM) regulate soil carbon (C) dynamics in many forest ecosystems, but context dependency in these relationships has precluded general predictive theory. We found that ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi with peroxidases decreased with increasing inorganic N availability across a natural inorganic N gradient in northern temperate forests, whereas ligninolytic fungal saprotrophs exhibited no response. Lignin-derived SOM and soil C were negatively correlated with ECM fungi with peroxidases and were positively correlated with inorganic N availability, suggesting decay of lignin-derived SOM by these ECM fungi reduced soil C storage. The correlations we observed link SOM decay in temperate forests to tradeoffs in tree N nutrition and ECM composition, and we propose SOM varies along a single continuum across temperate and boreal ecosystems depending upon how tree allocation to functionally distinct ECM taxa and environmental stress covary with soil N availability.</p>
Water residence time and temperature drive the dynamics of dissolved organic matter in Alpine lakes in the Tibetan Plateau
<p>This dataset contains data from an investigation into the drivers on the spatial distribution of dissolved organic matter in alpine lakes in the Tibetan Plateau described in the paper: "Du Y., Chen F., Xiao K., Song C., He H., Zhang Q., Zhou Y., Jang K.-S., Zhang Y., Xing P., Liu Z., Zhang Y. and Lu Y. 2021. Water Residence Time and Temperature Drive the Dynamics of Dissolved Organic Matter in Alpine Lakes in the Tibetan Plateau, Global Biogeochemical Cycles 35(11), e2020GB006908". </p> <p>The primary objectives of the study were to: (i) evaluate the spatial variability of the amount, source, and composition of DOM from alpine lakes on the Tibetan Plateau, and (ii) determine the primary environmental controls and mechanisms responsible for the spatial variability.</p> <p>At first, we collected 35 water samples from 25 lakes distributed in the northwestern (33.1–33.6 °N, 78.9–80.4°E), central (30.5–31.9°N, 88.3–89.4°E) and southeastern (28.6–29.1 °N, 90.4–90.8°E) regions of the plateau. We characterized water chemistry and DOM composition in these lakes by measuring dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and DOM optical properties (i.e., absorbance and fluorescence spectroscopy). DOM compositions of three lakes of different water residence times (WRTs) were further analyzed using ultrahigh-resolution molecular techniques (i.e., electrospray ionization-assisted Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry, ESI FT-ICR MS).</p> <p>Secondly, we collected the indices of climatic characteristics (i.e., mean annual temperature, mean annual precipitation, and mean annual irradiation period) and lake hydrology (i.e., catchment area, lake area, mean depth and water residence time) of the sampling lakes.</p> <p>Thirdly, we performed statistical analysis to determine the primary environmental control and predictors of the spatial variability in lacustrine DOM on the Tibetan Plateau. The statistical analyses included non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis with Dunn post hoc test, spearman's bivariate correlations, redundancy analysis, and linear regression models.</p> <p>Main results of this work are that (1) DOM in Tibetan alpine lakes is mediated more by in-lake production and transformations than by catchment inputs; (2) water residence time (WRT) of lakes and mean annual temperature (MAT) accounted for 30–59% of the spatial variance of the abundance of chromophoric DOM (CDOM) and fluorescent DOM (FDOM); (3) Alpine lakes on the Tibetan Plateau would play a more active and prominent role in regional and global carbon cycles in the face of climate change.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.