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274 results for “phenotypic response”
High-throughput phenotyping of drought response in Phaseolinae
<p><span>Using a high-throughput phenotypic imaging system, we evaluated the drought tolerance of 151 bean accessions (Phaseolinae; Fabaceae) by quantifying five different traits simultaneously: biomass, water use efficiency, relative water content, chlorophyll content, and root/shoot ratio. </span>The base data for calculating the drought response indicators and the accessions used in the study are listed in these datasets</p>
Phenotypic Consequences of Logarithmic Signaling in MAPK Stress Response
<p>How cells respond to dynamic environmental changes is crucial for understanding fundamental biological processes and cell physiology. In this study, we developed an experimental and quantitative analytical framework to explore how dynamic stress gradients that change over time regulate cellular volume, signaling activation, and growth phenotypes. Our findings reveal that gradual stress conditions substantially enhance cell growth compared to conventional acute stress. This growth advantage correlates with a minimal reduction in cell volume dependent on the dynamic of stress. We explain the growth phenotype with our finding of a logarithmic signal transduction mechanism in the yeast Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) osmotic stress response pathway. These insights into the interplay between gradual environments, cell volume change, dynamic cell signaling, and growth, advance our understanding of fundamental cellular processes in gradual stress environments.</p>
Data from: Experimentally evolved and phenotypically plastic responses to enforced monogamy in a hermaphroditic flatworm
Sexual selection is considered a potent evolutionary force in all sexually reproducing organisms, but direct tests in terms of experimental evolution of sexual traits are still lacking for simultaneously hermaphroditic animals. Here, we tested how evolution under enforced monogamy affected a suite of reproductive traits (including testis area, sex allocation, genital morphology, sperm morphology and mating behaviour) in the outcrossing hermaphroditic flatworm Macrostomum lignano, using an assay that also allowed the assessment of phenotypically plastic responses to group size. The experiment comprised 32 independent selection lines that evolved under either monogamy or polygamy for 20 generations. While we did not observe an evolutionary shift in sex allocation, we detected effects of the selection regime for two male morphological traits. Specifically, worms evolving under enforced monogamy had a distinct shape of the male copulatory organ and produced sperm with shorter appendages. Many traits that did not evolve under enforced monogamy showed phenotypic plasticity in response to group size. Notably, individuals that grew up in larger groups had a more male-biased sex allocation and produced slightly longer sperm than individuals raised in pairs. We conclude that, in this flatworm, enforced monogamy induced moderate evolutionary but substantial phenotypically plastic responses.
Data from: The genetic architecture of constitutive and induced trichome density in two new RIL populations of Arabidopsis thaliana: phenotypic plasticity, epistasis, and bidirectional leaf damage response
Background: Herbivory imposes an important selective pressure on plants. In Arabidopsis thaliana leaf trichomes provide a key defense against insect herbivory; however, trichome production incurs a fitness cost in the absence of herbivory. Previous work on A. thaliana has shown an increase in trichome density in response to leaf damage, suggesting a mechanism by which the cost associated with constitutively high trichome density might be mitigated; however, the genetic basis of trichome density induction has not been studied. Results: Here, we describe the mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTL) for constitutive and damage induced trichome density in two new recombinant inbred line populations of A. thaliana; mapping for constitutive and induced trichome density also allowed for the investigation of damage response (plasticity) QTL. Both novel and previously identified QTL for constitutive trichome density and the first QTL for induced trichome density and response are identified. Interestingly, two of the four parental accessions and multiple RILs in each population exhibited lower trichome density following leaf damage, a response not previously described in A. thaliana. Importantly, a single QTL was mapped for the response phenotype and allelic variation at this locus appears to determine response trajectory in RILs. The data also show that epistatic interactions are a significant component of the genetic architecture of trichome density. Conclusions: Together, our results provide further insights into the genetic architecture of constitutive trichome density and new insights into induced trichome density in A. thaliana specifically and to our understanding of the genetic underpinnings of natural variation generally.
Data from: Mitochondrial genotype and phenotypic plasticity of gene expression in response to cold acclimation in killifish
Adjustments of aerobic metabolic processes are critical components of organismal responses to environmental change that require tight co-ordination between the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes. Intraspecific differences in mitochondrial genotype can affect gene transcription in both genomes. Thus, variation in mitochondrial genotype may be associated with differences in the plasticity of gene expression when organisms are faced with changes in environmental conditions. Cold acclimation is known to result in metabolic responses involving increases in mitochondrial amount and capacity, suggesting that low temperatures may pose a particular challenge when co-ordinating the functions of the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes. In this study, we utilized RNA-seq to assess transcriptome-wide gene expression in the muscle of Atlantic killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) from a population that contains segregating variation in mitochondrial genotype. We examined gene expression plasticity in response to 5°C acclimation and the effects of mitochondrial genotype on this plasticity. Cold acclimation resulted in changes in gene expression consistent with up-regulation of genes involved in many cellular functions, including spliceosomal and proteasomal processes, and with down-regulation of genes involved in extracellular matrix, muscle contraction and oxidative phosphorylation functions. There were few differences in gene expression between killifish with different mitochondrial genotypes: 14 genes demonstrated significant interactions between mitochondrial genotype and acclimation temperature and 3 genes demonstrated effects of mitochondrial genotype alone. These results indicate that variation in mitochondrial genotype has modest effects on gene expression; the majority of which are revealed as differences in plasticity as a result of environmental change.
Unidirectional response to bidirectional selection on body size. I. Phenotypic, life history and endocrine response
Anthropogenic perturbations such as harvesting often select against a large body size and are predicted to induce rapid evolution towards smaller body sizes and earlier maturation. However, body-size evolvability and, hence, adaptability to anthropogenic perturbations remain seldom evaluated in wild populations. Here, we use a laboratory experiment over 6 generations to measure the ability of wild-caught medaka fish (Oryzias latipes) to evolve in response to bidirectional size-dependent selection mimicking opposite harvest regimes. Specifically, we imposed selection against a small body size (Large line), against a large body size (Small line) or random selection (Control line), and measured correlated responses across multiple phenotypic, life-history and endocrine traits. As expected, the Large line evolved faster somatic growth and delayed maturation, but also evolved smaller body sizes at hatch, with no change in average levels of pituitary gene expressions of luteinizing, follicle-stimulating or growth (GH) hormones. In contrast, the Small medaka line was unable to evolve smaller body sizes or earlier maturation, but evolved smaller body sizes at hatch and showed marginally-significant signs of increased reproductive investment, including larger egg sizes and elevated pituitary GH production. Natural selection on medaka body size was too weak to significantly hinder the effect of artificial selection, indicating that the asymmetric body-size response to size-dependent selection reflected an asymmetry in body-size evolvability. Our results show that trait evolvability may be contingent upon the direction of selection, and that a detailed knowledge of trait evolutionary potential is needed to forecast population response to anthropogenic change.
Molecular Phenotyping in Predicting Response in Patients With Stage IB-III Esophageal Cancer Receiving Combination Chemotherapy
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02392377. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
A Study to Assess Overall Response Rate by Inducing an Inflammatory Phenotype in Metastatic BReast cAnCEr With the Oncolytic Reovirus PeLareorEp in CombinaTion With Anti-PD-L1 Avelumab and Paclitaxel
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04215146. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Unidirectional response to bidirectional selection on body size. I. Phenotypic, life history and endocrine response
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Data from: Canonical correlations reveal adaptive loci and phenotypic responses to climate in perennial ryegrass
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Data from: The genetic architecture of constitutive and induced trichome density in two new RIL populations of Arabidopsis thaliana: phenotypic plasticity, epistasis, and bidirectional leaf damage response
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Data from: Antagonistic responses of exposure to sublethal temperatures: adaptive phenotypic plasticity coincides with a reduction in organismal performance
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Data from: Experimentally evolved and phenotypically plastic responses to enforced monogamy in a hermaphroditic flatworm
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Data from: Experimental evolution reveals differences between phenotypic and evolutionary responses to population density
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Data from: Evolution of phenotype-environment associations by genetic responses to selection and phenotypic plasticity in a temporally autocorrelated environment
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Data from: Expression of sexual ornaments in a polymorphic species: phenotypic variation in response to environmental risk
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Data from: Does phenotypic plasticity for adult size versus food level in Drosophila melanogaster evolve in response to adaptation to different rearing densities?
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Data from: Diverse phenotypic and genetic responses to short-term selection in evolving Escherichia coli populations
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Data from: Dissecting the phenotypic components of crop plant growth and drought responses based on high-throughput image analysis
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Data from: Phenotypic responses to microbial volatiles render a mold fungus more susceptible to insect damage
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.