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487 results for “population differences”
Overwintering strategies and life-history traits of different populations of Aphidius platensis along a latitudinal gradient in Chile
<p>The onset of an overwintering strategy to overcome cold temperatures of a species of ectotherms can include<br> remaining active or entering diapause. This in turn will depend on the relative costs of each strategy and therefore, could differ among populations along a latitudinal gradient. Thus, expecting higher levels of diapause in the coldest conditions and a higher incidence of individuals remaining active in the warmest conditions. We assessed the insect responses to photoperiod and temperature, in five Chilean populations of the aphid parasitoid Aphidius platensis. We analysed the variation in winter temperature along the latitudinal gradient and, under controlled conditions, examining the potential effects of three constant conditions of photoperiod/temperature: 8:16LD (Light: Dark, hours) at 10°C, 10:14LD at 14°C, and 16:8LD at 20°C, on diapause levels. Finally, we measured cold tolerance (CTMin), developmental time, fresh body mass and size, fat and water content, and egg load for the emerging parasitoids. Our results showed no clear latitudinal gradient in temperature but differences among sites were clear. None of the five populations of A. platensis expressed diapause at any tested condition, suggesting that the environmental thresholds for diapause induction are perhaps not reached in this species under the studied latitudes. Insects from the coldest point in the gradient (Pinto) showed the lowest CTMin suggesting local adaptation. Moreover, physiological and life-history traits seem to adjust rapidly through developmental thermal acclimation, showing that plasticity is involved in the parasitoid’s responses to the temperature differences found among localities. Consequently, both local adaptation and phenotypic plasticity contribute to this species remaining active during the whole<br> winter, being an effective strategy to diapause in relatively mild and stable thermal environments.</p>
Adaptive significance of affiliative behaviour differs between sexes in a wild reptile population
<p>In recent years, we have begun to appreciate that social behaviours might exhibit repeatable among-individual variation. Such behavioural traits may even covary and have critical evolutionary implications. Importantly, some social behaviours such as aggressiveness have been shown to provide fitness benefits, including higher reproductive success and survival. However, fitness consequences of affiliative behaviours, especially between or among sexes, can be more challenging to establish. Using a longitudinal behavioural dataset (2014-2021) collected on eastern water dragons (<em>Intellagama lesueurii</em>), we investigated whether various aspects of affiliative behaviour (1) were repeatable across years, (2) covaried with each other at the among-individual level, and (3) influenced individuals' fitness. In particular, we considered affiliative behaviours towards opposite-sex and same-sex conspecifics separately. We found that social traits were repeatable and covaried with each other similarly for both sexes. More notably, we found that male reproductive success was positively correlated with the number of female associates and the proportion of time spent with females, whilst females' reproductive success was not correlated with any of the measured social behaviour metrics. Overall, these findings suggest that selection may be acting differently on social behaviour of male and female eastern water dragons.</p>
Raw data for: Sex and population differences underlie variation in reproductive success in a warming environment
<p>Current rising temperatures are threatening biodiversity. It is therefore crucial to understand how climate change impacts male and female fertility and whether evolutionary responses can help in coping with heat stress. We use experimental evolution to study male and female fertility during real-time evolution of two historically differentiated populations of <em>Drosophila</em> <em>subobscura</em> under different thermal selection regimes for 23 generations. We aim to (1) tease apart sex-specific differences in fertility after exposure to warming conditions during development, (2) test whether thermal selection can enhance fertility under thermal stress, and (3) address the role of historically distinct genetic backgrounds. Contrary to expectations, heat stress during development had a higher negative impact on female fertility than on male fertility. We did not find clear evidence for enhanced fertility in males or females evolving under warming conditions. Population history had a clear impact on fertility response under thermal stress, particularly in males with those from lower latitudes presenting better performance than their higher latitude counterparts. We show that the impact of thermal stress on fertility varies between traits, sexes and genetic backgrounds. Incorporating these several levels of variation is crucial for a deeper understanding of how fertility evolves under climate change.</p>
Age Structure and Body Size of The Tibetan Toad (Bufo tibetanus) Populations from Two Different Altitudes in China
<p>Knowledge about the altitudinal patterns in age and body size helps to highlight the evolution of life history parameters in animals. In this study, we investigated the demographic traits of the Tibetan toad (<em>Bufo tibetanus</em>) between populations from low and high altitude habitats (2650 <em>vs</em> 3930m) using skeletochronology. We found 1) the mean age and body size of females were significantly greater than those of males in either population; 2) both sexes of toads from the higher altitude tended to be significantly older in age and larger in body size; 3) a significant positive relationship between age and body size within each sex of the toad at both altitudes; 4) growth rates varied between the two populations, with the higher rate observed in the low-altitude population, and lower in the high-altitude population. Our results suggest that factors other than age can influence altitudinal patterns in body size, such as altitude-associated temperature. Future research should pay attention to these factors and evaluate their influences on the growth patterns of animals.Knowledge about the altitudinal patterns in age and body size helps to highlight the evolution of life history parameters in animals. In this study, we investigated the demographic traits of the Tibetan toad (<em>Bufo tibetanus</em>) between populations from low and high altitude habitats (2650 <em>vs</em> 3930m) using skeletochronology. We found 1) the mean age and body size of females were significantly greater than those of males in either population; 2) both sexes of toads from the higher altitude tended to be significantly older in age and larger in body size; 3) a significant positive relationship between age and body size within each sex of the toad at both altitudes; 4) growth rates varied between the two populations, with the higher rate observed in the low-altitude population, and lower in the high-altitude population. Our results suggest that factors other than age can influence altitudinal patterns in body size, such as altitude-associated temperature. Future research should pay attention to these factors and evaluate their influences on the growth patterns of animals.</p>
Population genomic analyses reveal hybridization and marked differences in genetic structure and demographic history of Scurria limpet sister species with parapatric distributions across the southeastern pacific
<p>The study of sister species that occur in parapatry around biogeographic transition zones can help understand the evolutionary processes that underlie the changes in species composition across biogeographic transition zones. The South Eastern Pacific (SEP) coast is a highly productive coastal system that exhibits a broad biogeographic transition zone around 30–35ºS. Here, we present a comparative genome-wide analysis of the sister species <em>Scurria viridula</em> and <em>Scurria zebrina</em>, that occur in parapatry and whose poleward and equatorward range edges intersect in the 30–35ºS SEP biogeographic transition zone. We sampled 118 specimens sourced from nine sites from Tocopilla (22ºS) to Chiloé (41ºS) including one site where both species overlap and analyzed over 8,000 biallelic single nucleotide polymorphisms. We found evidence of hybridization between these species in the contact zone and found significant but contrasting population structures for both species. Our results indicate that the genetic structure in <em>S. viridula</em>, which is currently expanding its range poleward, follows a simple isolation-by-distance model with no traces of natural selection (no evidence of outlier loci). In contrast, <em>S. zebrina</em>, which finds its equatorward range edge at the transition zone, displayed a pronounced genetic break approximately at 32-34ºS, along a region of marked environmental heterogeneity in association with a semi-permanent coastal upwelling regime. For <em>S. zebrina</em>, we also found 43 outlier loci associated with this genetic break, with a significant proportion of them clustering in a single linkage group. This marked difference in the presence of outlier loci between species suggests that they could be responding differently to local environmental challenges found at their overlapping geographic range edges, thus providing important new insights about genomic changes around biogeographic transition zones in sister species and the forces that shape genetic diversity in intertidal marine species. </p>
Sanofi H1N1 Influenza Vaccine Administered at Different Dose Levels With and Without AS03 Adjuvant in Healthy Adult and Elderly Populations
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00963157. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Population-level variation in parasite resistance due to differences in immune initiation and rate of response
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Data from: Evaluating shell variation across different populations of a freshwater snail
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Data from: Prey colour biases in jumping spiders (Habronattus brunneus) differ across populations
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Data from: Differences between two populations of <em>Stipa krylovii</em> in adaptive strategies: analysis of a three-year reciprocal transplant experiment
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Raising offspring increases ageing: Differences in senescence among three populations of a long-lived seabird, the Atlantic puffin
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Data from: Metabolic and immunological responses of Drosophila melanogaster to dietary restriction and bacterial infection differ substantially between genotypes in a population
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Fine-scale spatial genetic structure, mating and gene flow dispersal patterns in Parkia biglobosa populations under different levels of habitat fragmentation
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First come, first served: possible role for priority effects in marine populations under different degrees of dispersal potential
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Neighbor effects on population growth rate differ among populations due to variation in demographic rate sensitivities in Sedum lanceolatum
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Genetic diversity and population genetic structure from different host populations of <em>Spodoptera litura</em> based on microsatellite markers
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Data from: Ecological genetics of Juglans nigra: differences in early growth patterns of natural populations
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Data for: Soil microbiota explain differences in herbivore resistance between native and invasive populations of a perennial herb
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Data from: Evidence of stress imprinting with population-level differences in two moss species
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Data from: Trait responses to AM fungi are stronger and more consistent than fixed differences among populations of Asclepias speciosa
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.