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139 results for “predator size”
Data from: Predator size affects the intensity of mutual interference in a predatory mirid
<p><span>Interference competition occurs when access to an available resource is negatively affected by interactions with other individuals, where mutual interference involves individuals of the same species. </span>The interactive phenomena among individuals may be size-dependent, since body size is a major factor that may alter prey consumption rates and ultimately the dynamics and structure of food webs. <span>A study was initiated in order to evaluate the effect of mutual interference in </span>the prey-specific attack rates and handling times of <span>same size class predators, </span>incorporating variation in consumer size.<span> For this purpose</span><span>, laboratory functional response experiments were conducted using same age predators, i.e. newly hatched (first instar) or mature (fifth instar) nymphs of the polyphagous mirid predator </span><i><span>Macrolophus pygmaeus</span></i><span> preying on </span><i><span>Ephestia kuehniella</span></i><span> (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) eggs. The experiments involved four predator density treatments, i.e. one, two, three or four predators of same age, i.e. either first or fifth instar nymphs, which were exposed to several prey densities. The Crowley-Martin model, which allows for interference competition between foraging predators, was used to fit the data. The results showed that </span>mutual interference between <span>predator's nymphs </span>may occur that <span>affect their </span>foraging efficiency. <span>The values of the attack rate coefficient</span> <span>were dependent on the predator density and for the first instar nymphs was significantly lower at the highest predator density than the lower predator densities, whereas for the fifth instar nymphs in all density treatments was significantly lower to that of the individual foragers' ones. These results indicate that mutual interference is more intense for larger predators and is more obvious at low prey densities where the competition level is higher. The wider use of predator-dependent functional response models will help towards a mechanistic understanding of intraspecific interactions and its consequences on the stability and structure of food webs. </span></p>
Fig. 4 in Do container size and predator presence affect Culex (Diptera: Culicidae) oviposition preferences?
Fig. 4. The abundance of dragonfly larvae per liter (top) and midge (Chaoborus sp.) larvae per liter (bottom) as a function of sampling day and container size. The 100 and 200-L barrels are represented by the closed triangles and closed circles, respectively. The open circles represent the 15-L buckets, and asterisks represent the 1-L cups. The bars represent standard error. Different letters indicate different means among the treatments.
Data from: Predation selects for smaller eye size in a vertebrate: effects of environmental conditions and sex
Increased eye size in animals results in a larger retinal image and thus improves visual acuity. Thus, larger eyes should aid both in finding food as well as detecting predators. On the other hand, eyes are usually very conspicuous and several studies have suggested that eye size is associated with predation risk. However, experimental evidence is scanty. In this study, we address how predation affects variation in eye size by performing two experiments using Eurasian perch juveniles as prey and either larger individuals or pike as predators. First, we used large outdoor tanks to compare selection due to predators on relative eye size in open and artificial vegetated habitats. Second, we studied the effects of both predation risk and resource levels on phenotypic plasticity in relative eye size in indoor aquaria experiments. In the first experiment, we found that habitat altered selection due to predators, since predators selected for smaller eye size in a non-vegetated habitat, but not in vegetated habitat. In the plasticity experiment, we found that fish predators induced smaller eye size in males, but not in females, while resource levels had no effect on eye size plasticity. Our experiments provide evidence that predation risk could be one of the driving factors behind variation in eye size within species.
Data from: Predator-prey dynamics and the plasticity of predator body size
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Data from: Predator size affects the intensity of mutual interference in a predatory mirid
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Data from: Venom gland size and venom complexity – essential trophic adaptations of venomous predators: a case study using spiders
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Data from: Predation selects for smaller eye size in a vertebrate: effects of environmental conditions and sex
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Data from: Predator-driven brain size evolution in natural populations of Trinidadian killifish (Rivulus hartii)
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Data from: The mechanics of predator-prey interactions: first principles of physics predict predator-prey size ratios
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Predation and competition induce variable organ size tradeoffs in larval anurans
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Predation risk in relation to brain size in alternative prey of pygmy owls varies depending on the abundance of main prey
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Data from: Capacity to support predators scales with habitat size
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Data from: Predator size and prey size-gut capacity ratios determine kill frequency and carcass production in terrestrial carnivorous mammals
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Data from: Brain size affects the behavioral response to predators in female guppies (Poecilia reticulata)
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Data from: Free-ranging farm cats: home range size and predation on a livestock unit in Northwest Georgia
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Data from: Body size, swimming speed, or thermal sensitivity? Predator-imposed selection on amphibian larvae
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Data from: Daily nest predation rates decrease with body size in passerine birds
<p>Body size evolution is generally framed by the benefits of being large, while costs are largely overlooked. An important putative cost of being large is the need to extend development periods, which should increase exposure to predation and potentially select against larger size. In birds, this selection pressure can be important because predation is the main source of offspring mortality and predators should more readily detect the larger nests associated with larger body sizes. Here, we show for diverse passerine birds across the world that, counter to expectations, larger species suffer lower daily nest predation rates than smaller species. This pattern is consistent despite latitudinal variation in predation and does not seem to reflect a tendency of larger species to use more protected nests or less exposed nest locations. Evidence instead suggests that larger species attack a wider array of predator sizes, which could reduce predation rates at nests of large-bodied species. Regardless of the mechanism, the lower daily nest predation rates of larger species yield slightly lower predation rates over the entire development period compared to smaller species. These results highlight the importance of behavior as a mechanism to alter selection pressures, and have implications for body size evolution.</p>
Data for Environmental and ecological drivers of eye size variation in a freshwater predator: a trade-off between foraging and predation risk
<p>CodeZenodo contains code for the final analysis included in the publication along with the code to generate figures. </p> <p>Envt_vars contains information about the lakes</p> <p>Fish_SI contains stable isotopes, eye size, and body length for each fish</p>
Data from: Daily nest predation rates decrease with body size in passerine birds
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.