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188 results for “rapid adaptation”
Data from: Impacts of dispersal on rapid adaptation and dynamic stability of Daphnia in fluctuating environments
Prior ecological research has shown that spatial processes can enhance the temporal stability of populations in fluctuating environments. Less explored is the effect of dispersal on rapid adaptation and its concomitant impact on population dynamics. For asexually reproducing populations, theory predicts that dispersal in fluctuating environments can facilitate asynchrony among clones and enhance stability by reducing temporal variability of total population abundance. This effect is predicted when clones exhibit heritable variation in environmental optima and when fluctuations occur asynchronously among patches. We tested this in the field using artificial ponds and metapopulations composed of a diverse assemblage of <i>Daphnia pulex</i> clones. We directly manipulated dispersal presence/absence and environmental fluctuations in the form of nutrient pulses. Consistent with predictions, dispersal enhanced temporal asynchrony among clones in the presence of nutrient pulses; this in turn stabilized population dynamics. This effect only emerged when patches experienced spatially asynchronous nutrient pulses (dispersal had no effect when patches were synchronously pulsed). Clonal asynchrony was driven by strong positive selection for a single clone that exhibited a performance advantage under conditions of low resource availability. Our work highlights the importance of dispersal as a driver of eco-evolutionary dynamics and population stability in variable environments.
Data from: Reply to 'Inconclusive evidence for rapid adaptive evolution'
In our study, we showed that a newly founded population of reed warblers in Malta had undergone a decrease in body mass through 19 years, following a trajectory consistent with a population ascending an adaptive peak, an Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process (OU). Neto et al. claim that our result is an artifact of including migrants in the dataset, which inflated the average body mass in the initial years. Controlling for possible seasonal effects is important, which we thank Neto et al. for pointing out. We now control for season in three different ways and the OU-model always fits better than the neutral model, further strengthening our original conclusion of adaptive evolution.
Chromatograms: Rapid multilocus adaptation of clonal cabbage leaf curl virus populations to Arabidopsis thaliana
<p>Sei-0 and Col-0 <em>Arabidopsis thaliana </em>plants were inoculated with WT and mutant cabbage leaf curl virus and PCR amplicons targeting the Rep gene region were Sanger-sequenced, as documented (Hoyer et al. <a href="http://doi.org/10.1094/PBIOMES-12-21-0077-R">2022</a>).</p>
Comparative analysis of Dipodomys species indicates that kangaroo rat hindlimb anatomy is adapted for rapid evasive leaping
<p><span>Body size is a key factor that influences antipredator behavior. For animals that rely on jumping to escape from predators, there is a theoretical trade-off between jump distance and acceleration as body size changes at both the inter- and intraspecific levels. Assuming geometric similarity, acceleration will decrease with increasing body size due to a smaller increase in muscle cross-sectional area than body mass. Smaller animals will likely have a similar jump distance as larger animals due to their shorter limbs and faster accelerations. Therefore, in order to maintain acceleration in a jump across different body sizes, hind limbs must be disproportionately bigger for larger animals. We explored this prediction using four species of kangaroo rats (<i>Dipodomys </i>spp.), a genus of bipedal rodent with similar morphology across a range of body sizes (40–150 g). Kangaroo rat jump performance was measured by simulating snake strikes to free-ranging individuals. Additionally, morphological measurements of hind limb muscles and segment lengths were obtained from thawed frozen specimens. Overall, jump acceleration was constant across body sizes and jump distance increased with increasing size. Additionally, kangaroo rat hind limb muscle mass and cross-sectional area scaled with positive allometry. Ankle extensor tendon cross-sectional area also scaled with positive allometry. Hind limb segment length scaled isometrically, with the exception of the metatarsals, which scaled with negative allometry. Overall, these findings support the hypothesis that kangaroo rat hind limbs are built to maintain jump acceleration rather than jump distance. Selective pressure from single-strike predators, such as snakes and owls, likely drives this relationship.</span></p>
Dataset of the bacterial fitness estimation values and mutation identifications from: Rapid decline of adaptation of Pseudomonas fluorescens to soil biotic environment
<p>Interactions between microbes can both constrain and enhance adaptation, but to date, most studies employ simplified communities and environments. We measured fitness of populations of the soil bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens that have been evolved in both the presence and absence of a natural potting soil microbial community. Populations from both environments showed similar fitness increases with respect to the ancestor in the absence of the community, suggesting no significant cost of evolving with the community. By contrast, fitness in the presence of the community increased for community-evolved populations, but decreased considerably below the ancestral state for populations evolved in the absence of the community. This suggests some abiotic beneficial mutations are costly in the presence of the community, while others are not, with the former only selected against in the presence of the community. Most mutations underpinning fitness changes were clone specific, supporting the view that there are multiple genetic pathways to adaptation in this complex environment. Such extreme mutational effects have not been observed in comparable in vitro studies that employ much simpler abiotic and biotic environments, and suggest that a caution is need when extrapolating results from simplified in vitro systems to real-world contexts.</p>
Data: Rapid evolution of an adaptive taste polymorphism disrupts courtship behavior
<p>The evolution of adaptive behavior often requires changes in sensory systems. However, rapid adaptive changes in sensory traits can adversely affect other fitness-related behaviors. In the German cockroach, a gustatory polymorphism, 'glucose-aversion (GA)', supports greater survivorship under selection with glucose-containing insecticide baits and promotes the evolution of behavioral resistance. Yet, sugars are prominent components of the male's nuptial gift and play an essential role in courtship. Behavioral and chemical analyses revealed that the saliva of GA females rapidly degrades nuptial gift sugars into glucose, and the inversion of a tasty nuptial gift to an aversive stimulus often causes GA females to reject courting males. Thus, the rapid emergence of an adaptive change in the gustatory system supports foraging, but it interferes with courtship. The trade-off between natural and sexual selection under human-imposed selection can lead to directional selection on courtship behavior that favors the GA genotype.</p>
Figure 5 from: Thompson AC, Bazelet CS, Naskrecki P, Samways MJ (2017) Adapting the Dragonfly Biotic Index to a katydid (Tettigoniidae) rapid assessment technique: case study of a biodiversity hotspot, the Cape Floristic Region, South Africa. Journal of Orthoptera Research 26: 63-71. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.26.14552
Figure 5 - Map of ecosystem threat statuses and the average KBI scores (i.e. KBI/Site) of each ecosystem.
Figure 3 from: Thompson AC, Bazelet CS, Naskrecki P, Samways MJ (2017) Adapting the Dragonfly Biotic Index to a katydid (Tettigoniidae) rapid assessment technique: case study of a biodiversity hotspot, the Cape Floristic Region, South Africa. Journal of Orthoptera Research 26: 63-71. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.26.14552
Figure 3 - Distribution of South African and Cape Floristic Region katydid species among Tettigoniidae subfamilies.
Figure 2 from: Thompson AC, Bazelet CS, Naskrecki P, Samways MJ (2017) Adapting the Dragonfly Biotic Index to a katydid (Tettigoniidae) rapid assessment technique: case study of a biodiversity hotspot, the Cape Floristic Region, South Africa. Journal of Orthoptera Research 26: 63-71. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.26.14552
Figure 2 - Composition of South African (A, C, E) and Cape Floristic Region (B, D, F) katydid assemblages as characterised by their distribution (A, B), mobility (C, D), and trophic level (E, F) relative to their IUCN threat status.
Figure 1 from: Thompson AC, Bazelet CS, Naskrecki P, Samways MJ (2017) Adapting the Dragonfly Biotic Index to a katydid (Tettigoniidae) rapid assessment technique: case study of a biodiversity hotspot, the Cape Floristic Region, South Africa. Journal of Orthoptera Research 26: 63-71. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.26.14552
Figure 1 - Proportion of South African (A, C, E, G) and Cape Floristic Region (B, D, F, H) katydid assemblages as characterised by the KBI assessment criteria (Threat Status, Distribution, Trophic level and Mobility).
Figure 4 from: Thompson AC, Bazelet CS, Naskrecki P, Samways MJ (2017) Adapting the Dragonfly Biotic Index to a katydid (Tettigoniidae) rapid assessment technique: case study of a biodiversity hotspot, the Cape Floristic Region, South Africa. Journal of Orthoptera Research 26: 63-71. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.26.14552
Figure 4 - Distribution of Katydid Biotic Index (KBI) among ecosystem threat statuses (mean ± s.e.).
Figure 4 from: Thompson AC, Bazelet CS, Naskrecki P, Samways MJ (2017) Adapting the Dragonfly Biotic Index to a katydid (Tettigoniidae) rapid assessment technique: case study of a biodiversity hotspot, the Cape Floristic Region, South Africa. Journal of Orthoptera Research 26: 63-71. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.26.14552
Figure 4 - Distribution of Katydid Biotic Index (KBI) among ecosystem threat statuses (mean ± s.e.).
Figure 3 from: Thompson AC, Bazelet CS, Naskrecki P, Samways MJ (2017) Adapting the Dragonfly Biotic Index to a katydid (Tettigoniidae) rapid assessment technique: case study of a biodiversity hotspot, the Cape Floristic Region, South Africa. Journal of Orthoptera Research 26: 63-71. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.26.14552
Figure 3 - Distribution of South African and Cape Floristic Region katydid species among Tettigoniidae subfamilies.
Figure 2 from: Thompson AC, Bazelet CS, Naskrecki P, Samways MJ (2017) Adapting the Dragonfly Biotic Index to a katydid (Tettigoniidae) rapid assessment technique: case study of a biodiversity hotspot, the Cape Floristic Region, South Africa. Journal of Orthoptera Research 26: 63-71. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.26.14552
Figure 2 - Composition of South African (A, C, E) and Cape Floristic Region (B, D, F) katydid assemblages as characterised by their distribution (A, B), mobility (C, D), and trophic level (E, F) relative to their IUCN threat status.
Figure 1 from: Thompson AC, Bazelet CS, Naskrecki P, Samways MJ (2017) Adapting the Dragonfly Biotic Index to a katydid (Tettigoniidae) rapid assessment technique: case study of a biodiversity hotspot, the Cape Floristic Region, South Africa. Journal of Orthoptera Research 26: 63-71. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.26.14552
Figure 1 - Proportion of South African (A, C, E, G) and Cape Floristic Region (B, D, F, H) katydid assemblages as characterised by the KBI assessment criteria (Threat Status, Distribution, Trophic level and Mobility).
Figure 5 from: Thompson AC, Bazelet CS, Naskrecki P, Samways MJ (2017) Adapting the Dragonfly Biotic Index to a katydid (Tettigoniidae) rapid assessment technique: case study of a biodiversity hotspot, the Cape Floristic Region, South Africa. Journal of Orthoptera Research 26: 63-71. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.26.14552
Figure 5 - Map of ecosystem threat statuses and the average KBI scores (i.e. KBI/Site) of each ecosystem.
Data from: Rapid evolution of sex frequency and dormancy as hydroperiod adaptations
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Data from: Climate and rapid local adaptation as drivers of germination and seed bank dynamics of Alliaria petiolata (garlic mustard) in North America
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Data from: Rapid evolution of an adaptive cyanogenesis cline in introduced North American white clover (Trifolium repens L.)
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Data from: Tissue mechanics govern the rapidly adapting and symmetrical response to touch
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.