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Figure 5 in Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi activity in the rhizosphere of tree seedlings subjected to residual herbicides

Figure 5. Non-metric multidimensional ordering (NMDS) of tree species treated with herbicides and control was performed for all analyzed variables of the tree species.

Figure 1 in Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi activity in the rhizosphere of tree seedlings subjected to residual herbicides

Figure 1. Percentage of total dry mass in relation to the control treatment of seedlings of forest trees species subjected to the herbicides atrazine and sulfentrazone via sub-irrigation. Averages followed by the same lowercase letter do not differ by Tukey's test at 5% significance for the herbicidal factor. Means followed by the same capital letter do not differ according to the Scott-Knott grouping criterion at 5% significance for the species. CV (Coefficient of variation) = 18.3%.

Figure 3 in Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi activity in the rhizosphere of tree seedlings subjected to residual herbicides

Figure 3. Spore count percentage in relation to the control treatment of seedlings of forest trees species subjected to the herbicides atrazine and sulfentrazone via sub-irrigation. Averages followed by the same lowercase letter do not differ by Tukey's test at 5% significance for the herbicidal factor. Means followed by the same capital letter do not differ according to the Scott-Knott grouping criterion at 5% significance for the species. CV (Coefficient of variation) = 10.96%.

Figure 4 in Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi activity in the rhizosphere of tree seedlings subjected to residual herbicides

Figure 4. Percentage of basal soil respiration in relation to the control treatment of seedlings of forest tree species subjected to the herbicides atrazine and sulfentrazone via sub-irrigation. Averages followed by the same lowercase letter do not differ by Tukey's test at 5% significance for the herbicidal factor. Means followed by the same capital letter do not differ according to the Scott-Knott grouping criterion at 5% significance for the species. CV (Coefficient of variation) = 11.63%.

Figure 2 in Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi activity in the rhizosphere of tree seedlings subjected to residual herbicides

Figure 2. Percentage of rhizospheric colonization by mycorrhizae in relation to the control treatment of seedlings of forest trees species subjected to the herbicides atrazine and sulfentrazone via sub-irrigation. Averages followed by the same lowercase letter do not differ by Tukey's test at 5% significance for the herbicidal factor. Means followed by the same capital letter do not differ according to the Scott-Knott grouping criterion at 5% significance for the species. CV (Coefficient of variation) = 8.93%.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2024View details →

Supplement to "Discriminating non-stationary flood hazard effects via probabilistic estimation of sparse residuals from rescued and rated stage–discharge data"

This supplement contains the data and script associated with “Sparse hydrometric data rescue for exploratory analyses of conveyance-driven flood hazard trends and controls,” which has been submitted to a journal for consideration. This supplement is deposited on Zenodo.   Code, Data, and Attribute Descriptions   Uploaded are five directories (indicated in bold font, with their contents detailed below) containing input data and various outputs of the analyses performed for our case study on the Pulangi River at Lumayong (Philippines). Please consider this description equivalent to an omnibus README file for the deposited files. Note that we collected and rescued the hydrometric data herein from the archives of the Water Projects Division (WPD) of the Philippine Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH).   ●      Pln_R_code contains (1) Pln_RC.R, the R script file, and (2) 240601_Pln_RC.RData, which stores objects generated from the script based on the last execution (on 1 June 2024). The script consists of admittedly too many lines of code (e.g., for data wrangling, formal analyses, and producing figures used in the manuscript) that should have been split into multiple .R files. Apologies. Please be guided by the outline and the comments and kindly reach out lest issues with the code arise.   ●      Pln_GH_PDFs contains the scanned gaugekeeper’s reports of gauge heights (“stages”).    ○      The name of each file varies. For example, Pln-GH-1100.pdf contains daily stage readings for all months in the year 2011. But, if the last two digits are not zeroes, as in Pln-GH-1204.pdf, they refer to the month of that year; in this case, for example, the PDF file contains stage data for the month of April in the year 2012. ○      Each scanned sheet contains sub-daily (with readings at “AM,” “NOON,” and “PM”) and mean daily stages for a given month. ○      Also indicated are the gaugekeeper’s remarks on the daily weather (e.g., “fair,” “cloudy”). Under inclement weather, the gaugekeeper would note the duration of rainfall and its intensity and might, at times, record extra stage readings.   ●      Pln_DM_PDFs contains the following PDF files and a sub-directory: ○      Pln-DM-<XXXXXX>.pdf contains the scanned log for each direct stage—discharge measurement, otherwise known as “gaugings.” Each file is named according to the date of gauging (YYMMDD). For example, the log for the gauging performed on 24 February 2011 can be found in the file Pln-DM-110224.pdf. Data from these gaugings are summarized in Pln-DM-filtered.csv in the Pln_In_CSVs directory. ■      The readability of each file varies based on the original quality of the original paper-format data. ■      The first page in each file contains, on the left side, a summary of the gauging data and metadata (e.g., date of measurement, number of gauging verticals or “sections” used, method of crossing or measuring the cross-section), and on the right side, the velocity—area readings at each gauging vertical. ■      The second page in each file contains the plotted cross-section of the channel at the time of measurement. ○      Pln-RC.pdf contains various other paper-format data and some annotations relevant to the historical rating at the station. ■      P. 1: The hydrographic engineer’s comment (dated 19 January 2012) on the evaluation of the discharge data, specifically detailing the periods of validity of the rating curves developed for different sub-periods of monitoring. ■      PP. 2—3: A summary table of all the gaugings performed from 1983 to 2010 whose logs were no longer retrievable (and hence not included as a DM-PDF file in this directory). ■      PP. 4—5: Plots of the official stage—discharge rating curves developed by DPWH hydrographers. ■      PP. 6—8: Rating tables used to convert daily mean stages to deterministic discharge estimates. Two of these rating tables were digitized and can be found in the Pln_RatingTables sub-directory in Pln_In_CSVs. ■      PP. 9—22: Daily stage (m) and its corresponding daily discharge (L/s) for the 2004—2010 sub-period. The stages were digitized and included in Pln-H_arch.csv in the Pln_In_CSVs directory. ○      Pln_DM_unused contains the PDF files of logs (including data and metadata) corresponding to the gaugings that were excluded from our analysis following our filtering step for gauging location consistency.   ●      Pln_In_CSVs contains the following CSV files and two sub-directories; these files were used as inputs to the R script for formal analyses: ○      Pln-H_arch.csv contains the mean daily stage values [“H_bar_arch”] (m) for every day in the 2004—2020 sub-period [“Date”] (YYYY-MM-DD). The stages in this file are already corrected for gross errors. ○      Pln-DM-filtered.csv contains the following information on the gaugings performed on the Pulangi at Lumayong (1983—2020): (i) date [“Date”] (YYYY-MM-DD); (ii) stage [“H”] (m); (iii) discharge in L/s [“Q_lps”] and m3/s [“Q_cms”]; (iv) wetted area [“A_sqm”] (m2); (v) mean flow velocity [“Vel_mps”] (m/s); (vi) channel width [“W_m”] (m); (vii) mean flow depth [“D_ave_m”] (m); (viii) location of the measurement cross-section with respect to the staff gauge, with negative values meaning downstream of the gauge and positive values meaning upstream of the gauge [“XS_loc_wrt_gage”]; (ix) maximum flow depth [“Max_Depth_m”] (m); and (x) minimum streambed elevation [“MINSBE”] (m). Note that this file includes only gaugings that passed our filtering step for measurement location consistency. ○      Pln-DM_oview.csv contains information on the temporal coverage (bounded by “Start_date” and “End_date”) of the available hydrometric data from the station archives. ○      Pln-H_sample_GrossE_corr.csv contains a sample sub-period (2017-06-15 through 2017-11-30) and the corresponding values of stages (m), uncorrected [“H_uncorrected”] and corrected for gross errors [“H_corrected”]. This CSV file was used as an input to the R script to produce one of the figures in the manuscript.  ○      Pln-XS-csv.csv contains data on the gauging transects: gauging ID [“GaugingID”]; date [“Date”] (YYYY-MM-DD); lateral distance from a fixed initial point [“Lat_distance”] (m); width of the gauging vertical [“Width_vert..m.”] (m); depth relative to the water surface [“Depth..m.”] (m); stage at the gauging vertical [“H_m_vert..m.”] (m); and elevation with respect to a fixed arbitrary datum at the station [“Elev..m.”] (m). ○      Pln_Rating_Tables contains two rating tables, Pln-DM - RatingTable_A.csv and Pln-DM - RatingTable_B.csv, prepared and used by DPWH hydrographers for converting stage values to deterministic discharge estimates for the Pulangi River at Lumayong for the 1980s—early 2000s sub-period. Each rating table contains columns for stage [“H”], discharge in L/s [“Q_lps”], and discharge in m3/s [“Q_cms”]. ○      Pln_Q_rated contains two CSV files: Pulangi.csv has the columns “YEAR”, “DAY”, and every month of the year [“JAN” through “DEC”] for the 1983—2003 sub-period, with the values under each month column indicating the deterministic discharge estimates in L/s; Pulangi_trunc.csv contains similarly formatted data, but for the 2009—2010 sub-period.   ●      Pln_Out_CSVs contains two CSV files, the primary outputs of the hydrometric data rescue effort. ○      Pln_Q_recon.csv contains the reconstructed discharge time series (1983—2020) and its associated uncertainties at the 95% credibility interval. It has the following columns: date [“Date”] (YYYY-MM-DD); daily stage [“H”] (m); lower bound of the discharge estimate [“Q_lwr”] (m3/s); median discharge estimate [“Q_med”] (m3/s); and the upper bound of the discharge estimate [“Q_upr”] (m3/s). Pln_H_recon.csv contains the reconstructed and quality-controlled stage time series (1983—2020). It has the following columns: date [“Date”] (YYYY-MM-DD); mean daily stage that has been corrected for gross errors, but not yet filtered through other quality checks [“H_bar_arch”] (m); quality check for low outliers [“Low_Outlier”] (TRUE/FALSE); quality check for flatliners [“Flatliner”] (TRUE/FALSE); difference between the stage values on day i and day i-1 [“Daily_Step”] (m); quality check for large steps [“Large_Step”] (TRUE/FALSE); and the corrected and quality-controlled mean daily stage values [“H”] (m).

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2024View details →

Supplementary Simulation Data for "A contact-based analysis of local energetic frustration dynamics identifies key residues enabling RfaH fold-switch"

Additional simulation data for "A contact-based analysis of local energetic frustration dynamics identifies key residues enabling RfaH fold-switch" Content: 'clusters_foldswitch': Contains representative structures in PDB format of the refolding landscape of RfaH using all-atom structure-based models. The QA and QB values indicated in each filename correspond to the fraction of native contacts contain in the representative structure in comparison to the total number of contacts in the structure of the autoinhibited ⍺-folded (A) and active β-folded (B) states of the C-terminal domain of RfaH. 'input_one_fs': Contains a trajectory of RfaH refolding from the ⍺-folded to the β-folded state, with each frame contained into a separate PDB file, totalling 400 PDB files. These files can be used with the frustration-based windowing method  scripts and Colab notebook made available at https://github.com/pb3lab/RfaH-frustration 'input_many_fs': Contains several trajectory of RfaH reversible refolding between the ⍺-folded and β-folded states, with each frame contained into a separate PDB file, totalling 11,999 PDB files. These files can be used with the frustration-based windowing method  scripts and Colab notebook made available at https://github.com/pb3lab/RfaH-frustration 'output_one_fs': Contains output results from the analysis of local energetic frustration dynamics of the 400 frames contained in 'input_one_fs' using the windowing method available in the Colab notebook at https://github.com/pb3lab/RfaH-frustration. 'output_many_fs': Contains output results from the analysis of local energetic frustration dynamics of the 11,999 frames contained in 'input_many_fs' using the windowing method available in the Python script at https://github.com/pb3lab/RfaH-frustration.

opencc-by-4.0Jan 2020View details →

Figure 1 in Brodifacoum residues in fish three years after an island-wide rat eradication attempt in the tropical Pacific

Figure 1. Wake Island with the seven sampling locations marked by arrows. Site names include: 1 – Peale Lagoon Side, 2 – Ioke Beach House, 3 – Waterplant Outfall, 4 – Battery Dump Pond, 5 – Southern Runway Windsock (not sampled in this study), 6 – Old AF Beach House, 7 – Nitro Rock. Image courtesy of U.S. Air Force Civil Engineer Center.

Figure 10 in Morphological and molecular identification of Cladosporium sphaerospermum isolates collected from tomato plant residues

Figure 10. Nucleotide sequence alignment of the ITS (ITS1, 5.8S rDNA and ITS4) region of the C. sphaerospermum isolate 10 and the other isolates already recorded in NCBI.

Figure 8 in Morphological and molecular identification of Cladosporium sphaerospermum isolates collected from tomato plant residues

Figure 8. Nucleotide sequence alignment of the ITS (ITS1, 5.8S rDNA and ITS4) region of the C. sphaerospermum isolate 9 and the other isolates already recorded in NCBI.

Figure 5. A phylogenetic tree was generated using the neighbor-joining method which shows the genetic relationship between C. sphaerospermum 2 in Morphological and molecular identification of Cladosporium sphaerospermum isolates collected from tomato plant residues

Figure 5. A phylogenetic tree was generated using the neighbor-joining method which shows the genetic relationship between C. sphaerospermum 2 (as indicated in red circle) and the other C. sphaerospermum isolates deposited in GenBank (NCBI)

Figure 3. A in Morphological and molecular identification of Cladosporium sphaerospermum isolates collected from tomato plant residues

Figure 3. A phylogenetic tree constructed by the neighbor-joining method depending on a comparison of the nucleotide sequences obtained from the C. sphaerospermum isolates (1-13).

Figure 2 in Morphological and molecular identification of Cladosporium sphaerospermum isolates collected from tomato plant residues

Figure 2. The similarity and difference in the nucleotide sequences of the C. sphaerospermum isolates (1-13) identified in the present study. Similar nucleotides are stated in dots. Numbers given on the right side of the figure represent the nucleotide sequences obtained from the C. sphaerospermum isolates.

Figure 1. 1 in Morphological and molecular identification of Cladosporium sphaerospermum isolates collected from tomato plant residues

Figure 1. 1% Agarose gel electrophoresis of PCR products amplified using the primer pair ITS1 and ITS4 from the C. sphaerospermum isolates (1-13) obtained from tomato plant residues collected from different regions of Najaf and Karbala provinces. M: 1Kbp DNA Ladder (Promega, USA).

Figure 3. Chromatogram from the sample fairs MAC 02 and ARA 0 in Detection of enteropathogens and research of pesticide residues in Lactuca sativa from traditional and agroecological fairs

Figure 3. Chromatogram from the sample fairs MAC 02 and ARA 0, with the peaks of Diphenoconazole compared with the pattern.

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2015View details →

Fig. 1 in Toxicities and residual effects of toxic baits containing spinosad or malathion to control the adult Anastrepha fraterculus (Diptera: Tephritidae)

Fig. 1. The mortality of Anastrepha fraterculus adult afer 1, 3, 5 and 7 days of exposure to toxic baits. (Vertical bars indicate the standard error of the mean). Mortality was calculated by the formula of Schneider-Orelli (1947).

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2024View details →

Experimental data related to the publication: "In-situ analysis of the effect of residual fcc phase and special grain boundaries on the deformation dynamics in pure cobalt"

The article figures were produced solely from these data sets employing data processing methods described therein. For experimental conditions and naming conventions please refer to the paper. 1. Deformation data files contained within "deformation_data.zip": The .zip archive contains five files related to five samples of thermally treated cobalt: def_co600.csv def_co800.csv def_co1100.csv def_co1100-10c.csv def_co1100-20c.csv The data were recorded during compression of the above-listed samples at room temperature.  2. Acoustic emission (AE) data files contained within "AE_data.zip": The .zip archive contains four files related to four samples of thermally treated cobalt: AE_co600.wav AE_co800.wav AE_co1100.wav AE_co1100-20c.wav The AE data were recorded in continuous mode ("data streaming" at 2 MHz) during compression of the above-listed samples at room temperature.     3. Electron back-scatter diffraction (EBSD) data files contained within "EBSD_data.zip": The .zip archive contains fifty-three .osc files related to samples of as-drawn and thermally treated cobalt within four folders: 0c - as-drawn and annealed samples (i.e. without thermal cycling) 10c - annealed samples after thermal cycling of 10 cycles 20c - annealed samples after thermal cycling of 20 cycles ex-situ_def - ex-situ EBSD during deformation of selected samples The .osc data files represent EBSD data after clean-up procedures described in detail in the manuscript.

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2024View details →

Fig. 4 in Unexpected absence of exo-erythrocytic merogony during high gametocytaemia in two species of Haemoproteus (Haemosporida: Haemoproteidae), including description of Haemoproteus angustus n. sp. (lineage hCWT7) and a report of previously unknown residual bodies during in vitro gametogenesis

Fig. 4. Comparison of fully grown gametocytes of Haemoproteus angustus n. sp. (lineage hCWT7) from the blood of Curruca communis (A, B), Haemoproteus sittae (unknown lineage) from the blood of Sittae europaea (C, D) and Haemoproteus dolniki (unknown lineage) from the blood of Fringilla coelebs (E, F). Note: the elongate and markedly attenuated nuclei of infected erythrocytes containing advanced gametocytes of the new species (A, B), which is not the case in other Haemoproteus parasites (C–F). All images are from type specimens of these species. Symbols are the same as in Fig. 2. Giemsa-stained thin blood films. Scale bar = 10 µm.

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2024View details →

Fig. 7 in Unexpected absence of exo-erythrocytic merogony during high gametocytaemia in two species of Haemoproteus (Haemosporida: Haemoproteidae), including description of Haemoproteus angustus n. sp. (lineage hCWT7) and a report of previously unknown residual bodies during in vitro gametogenesis

Fig. 7. High gametocytaemia of Haemoproteus palloris (lineage hWW1) from the blood of a willow warbler Phylloscopus trochilus. Note that young gametocytes are absent, and the parasitaemia consists exclusively of mature fully grown macro- and microgametocytes, indicating a synchronous parasite development and probable absence of recent maturation of tissue meronts, which are the only source of merozoites for young gametocyte development during Haemoproteus infections. Triangle arrowhead – macrogametocytes; triangle wide arrowheads – microgametocytes. Long arrows – parasite nuclei. Giemsa-stained preparations. Scale bar = 10 µm.