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151 results for “skull morphology”
Figure 8 from: Slater G, Scheel D, Kolokotronis S, Potter C, Rotstein D, Tsangaras K, Greenwood A, Helgen K (2014) Biogeography and taxonomy of extinct and endangered monk seals illuminated by ancient DNA and skull morphology. ZooKeys 409: 1-33. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.409.6244
Figure 8 - Ventral views of crania of a Monachus monachus b Neomonachus schauinslandi, and c Neomonachus tropicalis, showing the pterygoid region. Neomonachus exhibits a well-developed, laterally flared pterygoid hamulus that is visible in dorsal view. The hamulus may be spatulate (Neomonachus schauinslandi) or hook-like (Neomonachus tropicalis). The hamular process is absent or medially flared in Monachus, and is not visible in dorsal view.
Figure 7 from: Slater G, Scheel D, Kolokotronis S, Potter C, Rotstein D, Tsangaras K, Greenwood A, Helgen K (2014) Biogeography and taxonomy of extinct and endangered monk seals illuminated by ancient DNA and skull morphology. ZooKeys 409: 1-33. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.409.6244
Figure 7 - Dorsal view of rostra of a Monachus monachus b Neomonachus schauinslandi, and c Neomonachus tropicalis. Monachus exhibits a well-developed antorbital process on the maxilla, immediately inferior to the fronto-maxillary suture. The process is reduced or absent in Neomonachus. The nasals of Monachus are short and triangular, tapering smoothly posteriorly to produce a point at their union. The nasals of Neomonachus are longer and do not taper smoothly.
Figure 4 from: Slater G, Scheel D, Kolokotronis S, Potter C, Rotstein D, Tsangaras K, Greenwood A, Helgen K (2014) Biogeography and taxonomy of extinct and endangered monk seals illuminated by ancient DNA and skull morphology. ZooKeys 409: 1-33. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.409.6244
Figure 4 - Genetic distances between currently recognized taxonomic units within Phocidae derived from logdet distances for cytb. Distances within: a Phoca b Pusa c Phoca versus Halichoerus d Pusa versus Halichoerus e Phoca versus Pusa f Histriophoca versus Pagophilus g Phocini h Phocinae i Monachus j Mirounga k Lobodontini, and l Monachini.
Figure 5 from: Slater G, Scheel D, Kolokotronis S, Potter C, Rotstein D, Tsangaras K, Greenwood A, Helgen K (2014) Biogeography and taxonomy of extinct and endangered monk seals illuminated by ancient DNA and skull morphology. ZooKeys 409: 1-33. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.409.6244
Figure 5 - Lateral views of crania of a Monachus monachus b Neomonachus schauinslandi, and c Neomonachus tropicalis. Arrows indicate the more developed occipital crest and zygomatic arches, and deeper snout of Monachus compared to Neomonachus species.
Figure 3 from: Slater G, Scheel D, Kolokotronis S, Potter C, Rotstein D, Tsangaras K, Greenwood A, Helgen K (2014) Biogeography and taxonomy of extinct and endangered monk seals illuminated by ancient DNA and skull morphology. ZooKeys 409: 1-33. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.409.6244
Figure 3 - Time-calibrated phylogeny of the seals estimated from combined nuclear and mitochondrial data. Time scale is in millions of years before present. Note that the chronogram has been pruned to show only true seals and immediate pinniped outgroups. Node bars show the 95% HPD intervals for divergence time estimates and mean ages are labeled for the two divergence times within the monk seals. Labeling at the top indicates water circulation through the Central American Seaway, the circle and associated wavy blue lines indicate a period during which water circulation periodically ceased and resumed but a shallow seaway remained open.
Figure 11 from: Slater G, Scheel D, Kolokotronis S, Potter C, Rotstein D, Tsangaras K, Greenwood A, Helgen K (2014) Biogeography and taxonomy of extinct and endangered monk seals illuminated by ancient DNA and skull morphology. ZooKeys 409: 1-33. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.409.6244
Figure 11 - Medial view of right dentaries of a Monachus monachus b Neomonachus schauinslandi, and c Neomonachus tropicalis. The mandibular foramen is situated inferior to the mandibular notch in Monachus, and opens immediately to the medial surface of the ramus. In Neomonachus, the foramen is anteriorly displaced and is set in a groove or sulcus that extends from inferior to the mandibular notch. Also note the expanded rugose area for insertion of the pterygoid muscles in Monachus. This region is poorly developed in Neomonachus.
Figure 2 from: Slater G, Scheel D, Kolokotronis S, Potter C, Rotstein D, Tsangaras K, Greenwood A, Helgen K (2014) Biogeography and taxonomy of extinct and endangered monk seals illuminated by ancient DNA and skull morphology. ZooKeys 409: 1-33. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.409.6244
Figure 2 - Maximum likelihood phylogram inferred from cytb sequence data using the GTR + Γ4 substitution model. Node support is expressed as the percent proportion of 1000 bootstrap pseudoreplicates that agree with the bipartitions on the best ML tree (above internode branches) as well as the aLRT SH-like score (below internode branches). Support values above 80% for both measures are shown. Black boxes indicate nodes recovered with >0.88 posterior probability in Bayesian analyses. The scale bar indicates the number of substitutions per site.
Figure 6 from: Slater G, Scheel D, Kolokotronis S, Potter C, Rotstein D, Tsangaras K, Greenwood A, Helgen K (2014) Biogeography and taxonomy of extinct and endangered monk seals illuminated by ancient DNA and skull morphology. ZooKeys 409: 1-33. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.409.6244
Figure 6 - Ventral views of palates of a Monachus monachus b Neomonachus schauinslandi, and c Neomonachus tropicalis. The tooth row of Monachus is more crowded, likely as a result of the shorter rostrum, and this results in a more obliquely oriented set of post-canine teeth and the lack of a diastema between the upper canine and the first premolar. In Neomonachus, there is a distinct diastema between C1 and P1, and the post-canine teeth are arranged more linearly. The upper incisor arcade of Monachus is slightly parabolic due to the posterior placement of the lateral incisors, and the anterior premaxilla appears slightly curved. In Neomonachus, the incisor arcade is linear and the anterior premaxilla is straight.
Figure 10 from: Slater G, Scheel D, Kolokotronis S, Potter C, Rotstein D, Tsangaras K, Greenwood A, Helgen K (2014) Biogeography and taxonomy of extinct and endangered monk seals illuminated by ancient DNA and skull morphology. ZooKeys 409: 1-33. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.409.6244
Figure 10 - Plots of mean upper (a) and lower (b) relative post-canine tooth size. Relative tooth size is computed by dividing the mesio-distal length of each tooth by the length of the 3rd premolar (which is typically largest) in the same row.
Figure 1 from: Slater G, Scheel D, Kolokotronis S, Potter C, Rotstein D, Tsangaras K, Greenwood A, Helgen K (2014) Biogeography and taxonomy of extinct and endangered monk seals illuminated by ancient DNA and skull morphology. ZooKeys 409: 1-33. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.409.6244
Figure 1 - Distributions of the three monk seal species. The range for the Caribbean monk seal is taken from Adam (2004) and is based on documented populations and archeological evidence. The range of the Mediterranean monk seal illustrates both historical (lighter shading) and current (darker shading) distributions.
Supplementary material 1 from: Reyes-Puig JP, Urgilés-Merchán M, Franco-Mena D, Guayasamin JM, Batallas D, Reyes-Puig C (2023) Two new species of terrestrial frogs of the Pristimantis gladiator complex (Anura, Strabomantidae) from the Ecuadorian Andes, with insights on their biogeography and skull morphology. ZooKeys 1180: 257-293. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1180.107333
Boxplot analysis of morphological data between four related species of Pristimantis
Data from: Evolution of morphological integration in the skull of Carnivora (Mammalia): changes in Canidae lead to increased evolutionary potential of facial traits
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Data from: Phenotypic covariation and morphological diversification in the ruminant skull
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Data from: The evolution of morphological integration in the ruminant skull
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Data from: Morphological adaptations for relatively larger brains in hummingbird skulls
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Data from: The Cyprinodon variegatus genome reveals gene expression changes underlying differences in skull morphology among closely related species
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Primary data on skull and brain morphology for: Geographical patterns in seasonal changes of body mass, skull, and brain size of common shrews
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APPENDIX Individuals included in the genetic and/or skull morphology analyses are presented with source and locality information (reference to sites in Fig. 1 are given in parentheses when available). Voucher numbers are provided for individuals that were collected: AMNH — American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, USA, BMNH — Natural History Museum, London, UK, FMNH — Field Museum, Chicago, IL, USA, HZM — Harrison Zoological Museum, Kent, UK, MCZ — Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard, MA, USA, MZB — Muzeum Zoologicum Bogoriense, Bogor, Indonesia, RMNH — National Museum of Natural History Naturalis, Leiden, Netherlands, SEN — Senckenberg Museum, Frankfurt, Germany, TK — tissue collection and TTU — specimen numbers; Texas Tech. University, Lubbock, TX, USA, and USNM — Smithsonian Institute, Washington D.C., USA. All specimens from peninsular Malaysia with THK or MBCRU field numbers were collected by A. Zubaid, and the specimens or duplicate wing punches were deposited at UKM (Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia). The original taxonomy of type specimens (type) are listed. Haplotypes (Hap) are given for individuals of H. bicolor (=H. bicolor-131) and H. kunzi (=H. bicolor-142). GenBank accession numbers are given for one representative of each unique haplotype in A new species in the Hipposideros bicolor group (Chiroptera: Hipposideridae) from Peninsular Malaysia
APPENDIX Individuals included in the genetic and/or skull morphology analyses are presented with source and locality information (reference to sites in Fig. 1 are given in parentheses when available). Voucher numbers are provided for individuals that were collected: AMNH — American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, USA, BMNH — Natural History Museum, London, UK, FMNH — Field Museum, Chicago, IL, USA, HZM — Harrison Zoological Museum, Kent, UK, MCZ — Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard, MA, USA, MZB — Muzeum Zoologicum Bogoriense, Bogor, Indonesia, RMNH — National Museum of Natural History Naturalis, Leiden, Netherlands, SEN — Senckenberg Museum, Frankfurt, Germany, TK — tissue collection and TTU — specimen numbers; Texas Tech. University, Lubbock, TX, USA, and USNM — Smithsonian Institute, Washington D.C., USA. All specimens from peninsular Malaysia with THK or MBCRU field numbers were collected by A. Zubaid, and the specimens or duplicate wing punches were deposited at UKM (Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia). The original taxonomy of type specimens (type) are listed. Haplotypes (Hap) are given for individuals of H. bicolor (=H. bicolor-131) and H. kunzi (=H. bicolor-142). GenBank accession numbers are given for one representative of each unique haplotype
Figure 11 in Redescription of the skull of the Australian flatback sea turtle, Natator depressus, provides new morphological evidence for phylogenetic relationships among sea turtles (Chelonioidea)
Figure 11. Antero-medial view of braincase of Natator depressus (WAM R112123) (A) and Lepidochelys olivacea (SAMA BM670) (B) illustrating the two states of the rostrum basisphenoidale, robust (A) and gracile (B). Displaying the states of character 4 based on the descriptor in the Appendix. Abbreviations: pro.ros.nas processus rostrum basisphenoidale; ros.bas, rostrum basisphenoidale. Scale bars = 20mm.
Figure 8 in Redescription of the skull of the Australian flatback sea turtle, Natator depressus, provides new morphological evidence for phylogenetic relationships among sea turtles (Chelonioidea)
Figure 8. Transverse cross sections Natator depressus (WAM R120113) cranium of the posterior portion of the skull (A) and of the nasal region moving anteriorly (B, C). Abbreviations: BO, basioccipital; cav.lab, cavum labrinthicum; fpcci, foramen posterior canalis cartotici interni; fos. nar, fossa nasalis; fos.orb.nas., fossa orbito-nasalis; int.nar., internal nares; MX, maxilla; OP, opsithotic; PAL, palatine; PAR, parietal; PRFR, prefrontal; PT, pterygoid; PT, pterygoid; VO, vomer. Scale bars are 50mm.
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