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opencc-zeroDec 2016View details →

Data from: Body shape convergence driven by small size optimum in marine angelfishes

Convergent evolution of small body size occurs across many vertebrate clades and may reflect an evolutionary response to shared selective pressures. However it remains unclear if other aspects of phenotype undergo convergent evolution in miniaturized lineages. Here we present a comparative analysis of body size and shape evolution in marine angelfishes (Pomacanthidae), a reef fish family characterized by repeated transitions to small body size. We ask if lineages that evolve small sizes show convergent evolution in body shape. Our results reveal that angelfish lineages evolved three different stable size optima with one corresponding to the group of pygmy angelfishes (Centropyge). Then, we test if the observed shifts in body size are associated with changes to new adaptive peaks in shape. Our data suggest that independent evolution to small size optima have induced repeated convergence upon deeper body and steeper head profile in Centropyge. These traits may favour manoeuvrability and visual awareness in these cryptic species living among corals, illustrating that functional demands on small size may be related to habitat specialization and predator avoidance. The absence of shape convergence in large marine angelfishes also suggests that more severe requirements exist for small than for large size optima.

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Data used for the paper "Birth and decline of magma oceans in planetesimals. Part 2: Structure and thermal history of early accreted small planetary bodies". Submitted to JGR - Planets.

Script and data to generates the figures displayed in the pre-print.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2022View details →

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(Ceríaco et al. 2016a:27); "Espinheira" [-16.78886, 12.35761] (Ceríaco et al. 2016a:28). Taxonomic and distributional notes: Rhoptropus biporosus is closely allied to R. barnardi and one or more undescribed species of small-bodied congeners that occupy similar habitats in arid to semi-arid rocky areas bordering the Namib (Kuhn 2016). MAP 150. Distribution of Rhoptropus biporosus in Angola. in Diversity and Distribution of the Amphibians and Terrestrial Reptiles of Angola Atlas of Historical and Bibliographic Records (1840-2017)

(Ceríaco et al. 2016a:27); "Espinheira" [-16.78886, 12.35761] (Ceríaco et al. 2016a:28). Taxonomic and distributional notes: Rhoptropus biporosus is closely allied to R. barnardi and one or more undescribed species of small-bodied congeners that occupy similar habitats in arid to semi-arid rocky areas bordering the Namib (Kuhn 2016). MAP 150. Distribution of Rhoptropus biporosus in Angola.

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2018View details →

opencc-zeroDec 2016View details →

Data from: Livestock grazing reinforces the competitive exclusion of small-bodied birds by large aggressive birds

1.Grazing by domestic livestock is sometimes promoted as a management tool to benefit biodiversity. In many situations, however, it can produce negative outcomes. 2.Here we examine the impacts of recent and historic livestock grazing on bird communities in the semi-arid woodlands in eastern Australia, testing the notion that grazing removes the suppressive effect of structurally complex vegetation on miners, thereby reducing the richness and abundance of small birds. 3.We used time- and area-limited searches of 108 sites varying in livestock grazing history and intensity, to explore the direct and indirect effects of grazing, habitat complexity and the abundance of aggressive, large-bodied birds on smaller-bodied birds using two-way analysis of variance and structural equation modelling. 4.Small birds were less abundant and had lower richness in the presence of miners. Our structural equation models indicated that recent grazing had direct suppressive effects on the abundance of miners, and both richness and abundance of all but the largest-bodied bird groups. However, higher levels of historic livestock grazing reinforced the competitive exclusion of the six small-bodied bird groups (insectivores, nectarivores, declining woodland birds, small ground foraging birds, all small birds, all non-miners) by aggressive miners via reductions in habitat complexity. Moreover, the strength of any suppressive effects on small birds or positive effects on large birds by miners increased with increasing miner abundance. 5.Synthesis and applications. Our results highlight the importance of vegetation structural complexity, not only for providing habitat for woodland birds, but as barriers to the invasion and competitive dominance of miners. Our findings suggest that management actions aimed at reducing tree and shrub density to promote open woodlands are likely to have significant negative consequences for the conservation of small woodland birds.

opencc-zeroOct 2021View details →

Data from: Overall dynamic body acceleration measures activity differently on large vs small aquatic animals

Acceleration-based proxies for activity and energy expenditure are widely used in bio-logging studies of animal movement and locomotion to explore biomechanical strategies, energetic costs of behaviour, habitat use and the impact of anthropogenic disturbance. The foremost such proxy is Overall Dynamic Body Acceleration (ODBA) along with variants VeDBA and PDBA. This technique, which involves summing the magnitude of high-pass-filtered acceleration signals (the so-called dynamic acceleration) over a reference interval, has been applied to animals as diverse as shags, lobsters, humans and whales. The relationship between ODBA and energy use has been tested empirically on animals small enough to house in laboratory facilities and arguments have been offered for why the method should be generally applicable, however validations on larger animals are scant. Here, we examine how body size impacts ODBA and its variants under steady locomotion in large aquatic animals, using cetaceans as model species. To do this, we first develop a simplified mathematical model for the acceleration signals that would be measured by a tag on a swimming animal. We then test this model with empirical data gathered using bio-logging tags on whale species covering nearly an order of magnitude difference in body length from 1.3 m harbour porpoises to 12 m sperm whales. We show that the motions measured by ODBA can be fundamentally different in small compared to large aquatic animals. Whereas dynamic acceleration in small animals is predominantly due to specific acceleration (i.e., actual accelerative motions generated by muscle action), in larger aquatic animals body rotations (i.e., changes in orientation that accompany swimming and manoeuvring) can dominate the measured acceleration. As body rotations do not necessarily increase in magnitude as swimming speed increases, ODBA may under-estimate the relative cost of behaviours or responses to disturbance in large aquatic animals. This does not lessen the value of ODBA for small animals, but it raises a caution against uncritical use on larger animals. For large aquatic animals, activity proxies that specifically remove body rotations using gyroscopes or magnetometers may provide more consistent estimates of energy use although these methods are yet to be validated.

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SolSysELTs2022 Part II: Discussion: Ice-Rich Small Bodies

Discussion: video recording

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2022View details →

Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy in Stage II/III Non Small Cell Lung Cancer

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01657617. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.

Sequencing of Stereotactic Ablative Body Radiotherapy in Combination With PD-1 Blockade Using Pembrolizumab in Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03307759. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.

PembRolIzuMab and Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy In Metastatic Non-small-cell lunG Cancer Patients

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03436056. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.

An Outcome Analysis for Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT) Treatment of Non-Small Lung Cancer Patients Using 4D PET/CT With Real-Time Position Management (RPM™) System and a Concomitant Evalua

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02067858. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.