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592 results for “songbirds”
The genetic basis of plumage coloration and elevation adaptation in a clade of recently diverged alpine and arctic songbirds
<p>Trait genetic architecture plays an important role in the probability that variation in that trait leads to divergence and speciation. In some cases, speciation may be driven by the generation of novel phenotypes through the recombination of genes associated with traits that are important for local adaptation or sexual selection. Here, we investigate the genetic basis of three plumage color traits, and one ecological trait, breeding elevation, in a recent avian radiation, the North American rosy-finches (<em>Leucosticte</em> spp.). We identify unique genomic regions associated with each trait and highlight 11 candidate genes. Among these are well-characterized melanogenesis genes, including Mitf and Tyrp1, and previously reported hypoxia-related genes including Egln1. Additionally, we use mitochondrial data to date the divergence of rosy-finch clades which appear to have diverged within the past 250 ky. Given the low levels of genome-wide differentiation among rosy-finch taxa, and evidence for extensive introgression in North America, plumage coloration and adaptation to high elevations have likely played large roles in generating the observed patterns of lineage divergence. The relative independence of these candidate regions across the genome suggests that recombination might have led to multiple phenotypes, and subsequent rosy-finch speciation, over short periods of time.</p>
Songbirds of the Americas show uniform morphological evolution despite heterogeneous diversification
<p>Studying the relationship between diversification and functional trait evolution among broadly co-occurring clades can shed light on interactions between ecology and evolutionary history. However, evidence from many studies is compromised because of their focus at overly broad geographic or narrow phylogenetic scales. We addressed these limitations by studying 46 independent, biogeographically-delimited clades of songbirds that dispersed from the Eastern Hemisphere into the Americas and assessed 1) whether diversification has varied through time and/or among clades within this assemblage, 2) the extent of heterogeneity in clade-specific morphological trait disparity, and 3) whether morphological disparity among these clades is consistent with a uniform diversification model. We found equivalent support for constant rates of birth-death and density-dependent speciation processes, with notable outliers having significantly fewer or more species than expected given their age. We also found substantial variation in morphological disparity among these clades, but that variation was broadly consistent with uniform evolutionary rates, despite the existence of diversification outliers. These findings indicate relatively continuous, ongoing morphological diversification within all clades, arguing against conceptual models of adaptive radiation. Additionally, they suggest surprisingly consistent diversification among the majority of these clades, despite tremendous variance in colonization history, habitat valences, and trophic specializations that exist among continental clades of organisms.</p>
Low-temperature nights delay the timing of breeding in a wild songbird
<p>Global climate change has posed widespread challenges to the ecological process critical to the fitness of many wild organisms, such as reproductive phenology. Many bird species have advanced their reproductive phenology in response to the increases in spring temperatures. However, the mechanism of how climate influences the timing of breeding is still often unclear in many species. We explored the relationship between the timing of breeding and spring temperatures based on 14 years of data on Hair-Crested Drongos (<em>Dicrurus hottentottus</em>) in the wild. By applying a 'sliding window' approach, we aimed to identify the time window and weather variable that best explains the timing of breeding at both population and individual levels. We found that the more nights with a minimum temperature below 17<span>℃</span>, around three weeks earlier than the peak reproduction, delayed the breeding time. Low night temperatures may force females to allocate more energy to thermoregulation and therefore physiologically constrain egg-laying. Although annual minimum and maximum temperatures have increased over the study period, the timing of breeding showed no trend as there was no change in the number of low-temperature nights in the relevant period across years. The repeatability of the laying date for individual females (R = 0.211) and across the years (R = 0.270) were low indicating that Drongos were flexible in adjusting their breeding phenology to environmental variation. These results suggest an effect of low night temperature on avian breeding phenology. This effect may apply commonly across bird species considering shared physiological constraints.</p>
Phenotypic and ecological data from: Widespread convergent morphological evolution within the largest family of songbirds
<p>Although convergence is a common evolutionary phenomenon, few studies have quantified its prevalence across a large, densely sampled clade. Large-scale phylogenies and the advent of novel computational methods facilitate more robust identification of convergent events and their statistical significance. The tanagers (Aves: Thraupidae), the largest family of songbirds, offer an excellent opportunity to study the extent of phenotypic convergence in response to similar ecological pressures on a continental scale. To investigate convergence in the group, we used the largest phylogenetic and multivariate morphological dataset to date for the clade. First, we used phylogenetic comparative analyses to show a correlation between diet and aspects of bill shape. We then investigated our dataset for the presence and magnitude of convergent events and assessed significance through simulations and modeling analyses. Overall, we found that around half (45.3%) of species and clades we tested have converged in morphological space more than would be expected by chance alone. Our study shows that across Thraupidae, various bill shapes have evolved convergently to fill multiple distinct sections of ecological niche space, reflecting a signal of ecological opportunity and structural constraints.</p>
Savannah River NERP songbird tissue, insect, and fruit isotope database
Many temperate passerine bird species switch from diets of mostly invertebrates in the spring and summer to diets that include fruit and seeds in the fall and winter. However, relatively few studies have quantified diet composition or the extent of seasonal shifts during the non-breeding period, particularly among species and across communities with both residents and migrants. We measured carbon and nitrogen stable isotope values in food items (fruits, C3 and C4 seeds, and insects from various trophic levels and plant communities) and in multiple tissues (feathers and plasma/whole blood) from 11 species of songbirds wintering in the southeastern U.S. We combined these diet and tissue values with empirically derived discrimination factors and used concentration-dependent mixing models to quantify seasonal diet shifts. We also validated mixing model results with data from fecal samples. Diets in this bird community, as delineated N and C isotopic space, diverged in the fall and winter relative to the summer as consumption of fruits and seeds increased. Across this songbird community, estimated contributions of fruit to plasma/whole blood increased from 16.2 ± 7.5% in the fall (mean ± SD; range: 4–26%) to 21.7 ± 10.3% (range: 9–37%) in the winter, while contributions of seeds increased from 29.4 ± 2.6% (range: 28–32%) in the fall to 36.6 ± 4.8% (range: 32–42%) in the winter. Fecal data showed qualitatively similar trends to mixing models, but consistently estimated higher contributions of fruit. Our work indicates that fruits and seeds constitute substantial sources of sustenance for non-breeding songbirds, there is considerable separation of resource use among species in the fall and winter, and fecal estimates of contributions to songbird tissues should be interpreted cautiously.
A preliminary comparison of a songbird's song repertoire size and other song measures between an urban and a rural site
<p>Characteristics of birdsong, especially minimum frequency, have been shown to vary for some species between urban and rural populations and along urban-rural gradients. However, few urban-rural comparisons of song complexity—and none that we know of based on the number of distinct song types in repertoires—have occurred. Given the potential ability of song repertoire size to indicate bird condition, we primarily sought to determine if number of distinct song types displayed by Song Sparrows (<i>Melospiza melodia</i>) varied between an urban and a rural site. We determined song repertoire size of 24 individuals; 12 were at an urban ('human-dominated') site and 12 were at a rural ('agricultural') site. Then, we compared song repertoire size, note rate, and peak frequency between these sites. Song repertoire size and note rate did not vary between our human-dominated and agricultural sites. Peak frequency was greater at the agricultural site. Our finding that peak frequency was higher at the agricultural site compared to the human-dominated site, contrary to many previous findings pertaining to frequency shifts in songbirds, warrants further investigation. Results of our pilot study suggest that song complexity may be less affected by anthropogenic factors in Song Sparrows than are frequency characteristics. <a name="_Hlk80603521">Additional study, however, will be required to identify particular causal factors related to the trends that we report and to replicate, ideally via multiple urban-rural pairings, so that broader generalization is possible. </a></p>
Data and R scripts from: Using conservation genetics to prioritise management options for an endangered songbird
<p>Genetic data can be highly informative for answering questions relevant to practical conservation efforts but remain one of the most neglected aspects of species recovery plans. Framing genetic questions with reference to practical and tractable conservation objectives can help bypass this limitation of the application of genetics in conservation. Using a single-nucleotide polymorphism dataset from reduced-representation sequencing (DArTSeq), we conducted a genetic assessment of remnant populations of the endangered forty-spotted pardalote (<em>Pardalotus</em> <em>quadragintus</em>), a songbird endemic to Tasmania, Australia. Our objectives were to inform strategies for conservation of genetic diversity in the species and estimate effective population sizes and patterns of inter-population movement to identify management units relevant to population conservation and habitat restoration. We show population genetic structure and identify two small populations on mainland Tasmania as 'satellites' of larger Bruny Island populations connected by migration. Our data identify management units for conservation objectives relating to genetic diversity and habitat restoration. Although our results do not indicate the immediate need to genetically manage populations, the small effective population sizes we estimated for some populations indicate that they are vulnerable to genetic drift, highlighting the urgent need to implement habitat restoration to increase population size and to conduct genetic monitoring. We discuss how our genetic assessment can be used to inform management interventions for the forty-spotted pardalote, and show that by assessing contemporary genetic aspects, valuable information for conservation planning and decision-making can be produced to guide actions that account for genetic diversity and increase chances of recovery in species of conservation concern.</p>
Mediterranean songbirds show pronounced seasonal variation in thermoregulatory traits
<p>Addressing the patterns of variation in thermal traits is crucial to better predict the potential effects of climate change on organisms. Here, we assessed seasonal (winter vs summer) adjustments in key thermoregulatory traits in eight Mediterranean-resident songbirds. Overall, songbirds increased whole-animal (by 8%) and mass-adjusted (by 9%) basal metabolic rate and decreased (by 56%) thermal conductance below the thermoneutral zone during winter. The magnitude of these changes was within the lower values found in songbirds from northern temperate areas. Moreover, songbirds increased (by 11%) evaporative water loss within the thermoneutral zone during summer, while its rate of increase above the inflection point of evaporative water loss (i.e., the slope of evaporative water loss versus temperature) decreased by 35% during summer — a value well above that reported for other temperate and tropical songbirds. Finally, body mass increased by 5% during winter, a pattern similar to that found in many northern temperate species. Our findings support the idea that physiological adjustments might enhance the resilience of Mediterranean songbirds to environmental changes, with short-term benefits by saving energy and water under thermally stressful conditions. Nevertheless, not all species showed the same patterns, suggesting different strategies in their thermoregulatory adaptations to seasonal environments.</p>
Data from: Nasty neighbours in the Neotropics: seasonal variation in physical and vocal aggressions in a montane forest songbird, the Grey-browed Brushfinch
<p>Many territorial animals exhibit differences in their responses against intruders based on the level of threat that they pose. The dear-enemy and the nasty-neighbour effects refer to situations in which territorial aggressions are stronger against stranger and neighbour individuals, respectively. Using playback experiments during pre-breeding and post-breeding seasons in a songbird from Neotropical montane forests (Grey-browed Brushfinch, <em>Arremon</em> <em>assimilis</em>), we found that males exhibit the nasty-neighbour effect because they responded more aggressively towards neighbours than to strangers. However, territorial behaviour varied seasonally: (1) aggressions to all intrusions by neighbours were equally strong regardless of the location from which they were perceived prior to reproduction and (2) individuals were more aggressive towards neighbour males when perceived at a different border of their territory to the one they share during the post-breeding season. We conclude that territorial males respond to neighbours by assessing their threat to paternity and territoriality and thus modulate their aggressive response based on the season. In contrast, limited responses to strangers suggest that these individuals do not represent a serious threat to males of <em>A. assimilis</em> during the seasons we studied them. Thus, territorial aggressions against neighbours appear to be a mate-guarding mechanism in this species. Our results differ from those found in temperate zones, where strangers often elicit responses indicating they may represent a stronger threat than neighbours. Additional studies on the behavioral ecology of tropical birds are required to understand the generality of nasty-neighbour effects and the drivers of territorial behaviors.</p>
Data for: Passive and active parental food allocation in a songbird
<p><span>Parent-offspring conflict over food allocation can be modeled using two theoretical frameworks: passive (scramble competition) and active choice (signaling) resolution models. However, differentiating between these models empirically can be challenging. One possibility involves investigating details of decision-making by feeding parents. Different nestling traits, related to competitive prowess or signalling cryptic condition, may interact additively or non-additively as predictors of parental feeding responses. To explore this, we experimentally created even-sized, small broods of pied flycatchers and manipulated nestling cryptic quality, independently of size, by vitamin E supplementation. We explored how interactions between nestling cryptic condition, size, signals, and spatial location predicted food allocation and prey-testing by parents. Parents created the potential for spatial scramble competition between nestlings by feeding from and to a narrow range of nest locations. Heavier supplemented nestlings grew faster and were more likely to access profitable nest locations. However, the most profitable locations were not more contested, and nestling turnover did not vary in relation to spatial predictability or food supply. Postural begging was only predicted by nestling hunger and body mass, but parents did not favor heavier nestlings. This suggests that size-mediated and spatial competition in experimental broods was mild. Pied flycatcher fathers allocated food in response to nestling position and begging order, while mothers seemingly followed an active choice mechanism involving assessment of more complex traits, including postural intensity interacting with order, position, and treatment, and perhaps other stimuli when performing prey-testings. Differences in time constraints may underlie sex differences in food allocation rules.</span></p>
Data for: Repeatable negotiation rules? only females show repeatable response to partner removal in a brood-provisioning songbird
<p>Theoretical models indicate that the evolution of biparental care depends on how parents behaviorally negotiate their level of care in response to those of their partner and whether sexes and individuals consistently vary in their response (compensatory response). While compensatory response has been widely investigated empirically, its repeatability has rarely been assessed. In this study, we used a reaction norm approach to investigate the repeatability of the compensatory offspring provisioning of a parent after temporary removal of its partner in the pied flycatcher (<em>Ficedula hypoleuca</em>) across different breeding seasons and partners. We found that only females partially compensated for the short-term removal of the partner and their response was significantly repeatable across years while breeding with different partners. This study highlights the importance of considering among individual differences in negotiation rules to better understand the role of negotiation mechanisms in the evolution of parental care strategies.</p>
Physiological impacts of chronic and experimental Plasmodium infection on breeding-condition male songbirds
<p>This file contains data for an experimental inoculation project aimed at understanding physiological impacts of <em>Plasmodium </em>in breeding-condition songbirds. The 'readme' tab contains explanations for columns on each spreadsheet. We first compared metrics of health (mass, scaled mass, hematocrit, activity rate) and reproductive readiness (cloacal protuberance volume, maximum testosterone concentration in plasma) in male songbirds (Dark-eyed junco, <em>Junco hyemalis hyemalis</em>) with and without chronic <em>Plamodium</em> infections. Then, we quantified the change in these metrics following experimental inoculation with <em>Plasmodium</em>, and asked whether these changes varied between males with and without chronic <em>Plasmodium</em> infections.</p>
Data for: Rapid adaptation to a novel pathogen through disease tolerance in a wild songbird
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>Animal hosts can adapt to emerging infectious disease through both disease resistance, which decreases pathogen numbers, and disease tolerance, which limits damage during infection without limiting pathogen replication. Both resistance and tolerance mechanisms can drive pathogen transmission dynamics. However, it is not well understood how quickly host tolerance evolves in response to novel pathogens or what physiological mechanisms underlie this defense. Using natural populations of house finches (<em>Haemorhous mexicanus</em>) across the temporal invasion gradient of a recently emerged bacterial pathogen (<em>Mycoplasma gallisepticum</em>), we find rapid evolution of tolerance (<25 years). In particular, populations with a longer history of MG endemism have less pathology but similar pathogen loads compared with populations with a shorter history of MG endemism. Further, gene expression data reveal that more targeted immune responses early in infection are associated with tolerance. These results suggest an important role for tolerance in host adaptation to emerging infectious diseases, a phenomenon with broad implications for pathogen spread and evolution. </span></p>
Historical DNA reveals climate adaptation in an endangered songbird
<p>To cope with climate change, species may shift their distributions or adapt <em>in situ</em> to changing environmental conditions. However, clear examples of genetic changes via adaptation are limited. We explore evolutionary responses to climate change in the endangered southwestern willow flycatcher (<em>Empidonax</em> <em>trailli</em> <em>extimus</em>) through whole-genome comparisons between historical specimens, collected from 1888–1909 near San Diego, CA, and contemporary individuals from across the breeding range. Genomic analyses revealed that introgression into San Diego increased adaptive potential over time and shifted genome-wide population structure towards that of neighboring populations. In contrast, loci linked to climate (dew point temperature and precipitation) shifted away from neighboring populations and in a direction consistent with adaptation to climate change in southern CA. This research highlights the role of admixture in facilitating adaptive shifts through its impact on genome-wide genetic variation and represents one of the few studies to document climate adaptation in a wild population.</p>
Data for: Population structure of a grassland songbird (Dolichonyx oryzivorus) to inform conservation units
<p>Understanding the patterns and processes driving population structure is crucial for conservation planning. Spatial conservation units (CUs) for one or more species have been defined using similarities in communities, habitats, and resource management concerns. Additionally, CU boundaries can be informed by population genetic structure. Here, we determined the population structure of the Bobolink (<em>Dolichonyx</em> <em>oryzivorus</em>), a migratory grassland bird. Its breeding range spans longitudinally across most of North America in the northern U.S. and southern Canada, and its population has declined by 59% from 1971 to 2014. We sampled blood from Bobolinks at seven breeding sites and used a ddRAD sequencing approach to identify 3236 SNPs for population genetic analyses. Using the Bayesian clustering approach, STRUCTURE, we found low levels of genetic differentiation across the breeding range. F st values ranged from 0.002 to 0.036 among all population pairs, and genetic structure followed an isolation-by-distance model. Despite low levels of genetic differentiation, we found evidence for four genetic groupings— breeding populations in Oregon and British Columbia were distinct from each other as well as from Central and eastern North American breeding populations. Investigating the demographic history of the populations using approximate Bayesian computation, we found evidence that western Bobolink populations are not relict populations but instead were founded during a recent westward range expansion, possibly enabled by agricultural expansion. We identify four genetics-based CUs that may serve as a complementary spatial framework, broader in scale compared to the commonly-used Bird Conservation Regions, for defining and achieving population objectives.</p>
Motor cortex analogue neurons in songbirds utilize Kv3 subunits to generate ultranarrow spikes
<p>Complex motor skills in vertebrates require specialized upper motor neurons with precise action potential (AP) firing. To examine how diverse populations of upper motor neurons subserve distinct functions and the specific repertoire of ion channels involved, we conducted a thorough study of the excitability of upper motor neurons controlling somatic motor function in the zebra finch. We found that robustus arcopallialis projection neurons (RAPNs), key command neurons for song production, exhibit ultranarrow spikes and higher firing rates compared to neurons controlling non-vocal somatic motor functions (AId neurons). Pharmacological and molecular data indicate that this striking difference is associated with the higher expression in RAPNs of high threshold, fast-activating voltage-gated Kv3 channels likely containing Kv3.1 subunits. The spike waveform and Kv3.1 expression in RAPNs mirror properties of Betz cells, specialized upper motor neurons involved in fine digit control in humans and other primates but absent in rodents. Our study thus provides evidence that songbirds and primates have convergently evolved the use of Kv3.1 to ensure precise, rapid AP firing in upper motor neurons controlling fast and complex motor skills.</p>
Data for: Cool, dry nights and short heatwaves during growth result in longer telomeres in temperate songbird nestlings
<p>Exposure to rising sublethal temperatures can affect development and somatic condition, and thereby Darwinian fitness. In the context of climate warming, these changes could have implications for population viability, but they can be subtle and consequently difficult to quantify. Using telomere length (TL) as a known biomarker of somatic condition in early life, we investigated the impact of pre-hatching and nestling climate on six cohorts of wild nestling superb fairy-wrens (<em>Malurus cyaneus</em>) in temperate south-eastern Australia. Models incorporating only climate information from the nestling phase were best supported compared to those including the (pre-)laying to incubation phase (previously shown to affect mass) or both phases combined. This implies that nestling TL is most sensitive to ambient climate in the nestling phase. The top model showed a negative relationship between early-life TL and nestling mean daily minimum temperature when rainfall was low which gradually became positive with increasing rainfall. In addition, there was a positive relationship between TL and the frequency of hot days (daily maximum temperature ≥ 35°C), although these temperatures were rare and short-term. Including other pre-hatching and nestling period climate variables (e.g., mean daily maximum temperature and mean diurnal temperature variability) did not improve the prediction of nestling TL. Overall, our results suggest that cooler nights when conditions are dry, and short-term temperature spikes above 35°C during development are conducive for somatic maintenance. While these findings indicate a potential pathway for climate warming to impact wildlife fitness, they emphasise the need to elucidate the mechanisms underlying these complex associations.</p>
Data for: Incubation behavior and nest predation rates for 21 songbird species studied in Borneo
<p>The Skutch (1949) Hypothesis that nest predation risk constrains parental nest activity has important implications for the evolution of parental care strategies, but the required conditions for the hypothesis to operate have been questioned. We found the necessary conditions existed in a montane tropical bird community where 95.4% of predation events (n=456) occurred during daylight hours and almost all predators (n=224) were visually-oriented. Moreover, incubation strategies for 21 passerine species were explained by nest predation rates as proposed by the Skutch Hypothesis. Hourly rates of visits to the nest were lower among species with higher nest predation rates, and achieved in part by longer on- and off-bouts. Incubation attentiveness (percent of time incubating) does not necessarily affect parental nest activity and was not related to nest predation rates. Nest predation rates were greater in enclosed- than open-nesting species, counter to long-standing views. Moreover, nest predation was usually higher in the nestling period when parents were more actively visiting nests than during incubation for enclosed- but not open-nesting species. This increase in nest predation in the nestling period for enclosed-nesting species might indicate proximate predation responses to parental nest activity that underlie the evolutionary patterns. Adult mortality also can exert selection on evolved strategies. Following life history theory, annual adult mortality probability explained residual variation in incubation behaviors, while accounting for nest predation, with longer-lived species exhibiting lower nest activity and attentiveness. Ultimately, the conditions for the Skutch Hypothesis were clear and evolved behaviors suggest an important influence of natural selection by nest predation in this montane tropical bird community. At the same time, different patterns of nest predation between open- and enclosed-nesting species emphasize a need for further research into how parental nest activity interacts with nest type to affect predator detection of nests.</p>
Climate change does not equally affect temporal patterns of natural selection on reproductive timing across populations in two songbird species
<p>Climate change has led to changes in the strength of directional selection on seasonal timing. Understanding the causes and consequences of these changes is crucial to predicting the impact of climate change. But are observed patterns in one population generalisable to others, and can spatial variation in selection be explained by environmental variation among populations? We used long-term data (1955–2022) on blue and great tits co-occurring in four locations across the Netherlands to assess inter-population variation in temporal patterns of selection on laying date. To analyse selection, we combine reproduction and adult survival into a joined fitness measure. We found distinct spatial variation in temporal patterns of selection which overall acted towards earlier laying, and which was due to selection through reproduction rather than through survival. The underlying relationships between temperature, bird and caterpillar phenology were however the same across populations, and the spatial variation in selection patterns is thus caused by spatial variation in the temperatures and other habitat characteristics to which birds and caterpillars respond. This underlines that climate change is not necessarily equally affecting populations, but that we can understand this spatial variation, which enables us to predict climate change effects on selection for other populations.</p>
Genomic divergence and introgression between cryptic species of a widespread North American songbird
<p>Analysis of genomic variation among related populations can sometimes reveal distinct species that were previously undescribed due to similar morphological appearances, and close examination of such cases can provide much insight regarding speciation. Genomic data can also reveal the role of reticulated evolution in differentiation and speciation. White-breasted nuthatches (<em>Sitta carolinensis</em>) are widely distributed North American songbirds that are currently classified as a single species but have been suspected to represent a case of cryptic speciation. Previous genetic analyses suggested four divergent groups, but it was unclear whether these represented multiple reproductively isolated species. Using extensive genomic sampling of over 350 white-breasted nuthatches from across North America and a new chromosome-level reference genome, we asked if white-breasted nuthatches are comprised of multiple species and whether introgression has occurred between divergent populations. Genomic variation of over 300,000 loci revealed four highly differentiated populations (Pacific, n = 45; Eastern, n = 23; Rocky Mountains North, n = 138; and Rocky Mountains South, n = 150) with geographic ranges that are adjacent. We observed a moderate degree of admixture between Rocky Mountain populations but only a small number of hybrids between the Rockies and the Eastern population. The rarity of hybrids together with high levels of differentiation between populations is supportive of populations having some level of reproductive isolation. Between populations, we show evidence for introgression from a divergent ghost lineage of white-breasted nuthatches into the Rocky Mountains South population, which is otherwise closely related to Rocky Mountains North. We conclude that white-breasted nuthatches are best considered at least 3 species and that ghost lineage introgression has contributed to differentiation between the two Rocky Mountain populations. White-breasted nuthatches provide a dramatic case of morphological similarity despite high genomic differentiation, and the varying levels of reproductive isolation among the four groups provide an example of the speciation continuum. </p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.