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Fig. 9 in Comparative analysis of spermiogenesis and sperm ultrastructure in Callichthyidae (Teleostei: Ostariophysi: Siluriformes)
Fig. 9. Spermatozoa of Megalechis thoracata. a) Longitudinal section. b and c) Nucleus in cross sections. d) Detail of centriolar arrangement. e to j) Midpiece in longitudinal and transverse sections showing mitochondria, elongated vesicles, and cytoplasmic channel. k and l) Flagellum in longitudinal and cross sections. (a to e, h) X 17000; (f, i, j) X 18400; (g) X 11925; (k) X 23000; (l) X 13950. D: distal centriole; E: electron-dense structure; F: flagellum; N: nucleus; P: proximal centriole; V: vesicles; Asterisk: mitochondria, Arrow: cytoplasmic channel.
Fig. 8 in Comparative analysis of spermiogenesis and sperm ultrastructure in Callichthyidae (Teleostei: Ostariophysi: Siluriformes)
Fig. 8. Spermatozoa of Hoplosternum littorale. a) Spermatozoon in longitudinal section. b and c) Nucleus in cross sections. d) Detail of centriolar arrangement. e to j) Midpiece in longitudinal and transverse sections showing mitochondria, elongated vesicles, and cytoplasmic channel. k) Flagellum in longitudinal section. j-inset) Flagellum in cross section showing classical (9+2) axoneme. (a, b, h) X 17000; (c) X 13800; (d to g) X 23000; (i) X 33600; (j, k) X 31500; (j-inset) X 57500. D: distal centriole; E: electron-dense structure; F: flagellum; N: nucleus; P: proximal centriole; V: vesicles; Asterisk: mitochondria, Arrow: cytoplasmic channel.
Fig. 7 in Comparative analysis of spermiogenesis and sperm ultrastructure in Callichthyidae (Teleostei: Ostariophysi: Siluriformes)
Fig. 7. Spermiogenesis in Callichthyinae. a to h) Hoplosternum littorale. a) Spermatid cyst. b and d) Early spermatids (longitudinal sections). c) Centriolar arrangement. e) Late spermatid. f) Midpiece showing mitochondria and vesicles (cross section). g and h) Flagellum (longitudinal and cross sections). i to m) Megalechis thoracata. i) Early spermatid in longitudinal section. j) Late spermatid. k) Midpiece showing mitochondria, cytoplasmic channel, and vesicles (cross section). l) Centriolar arrangement. m) Flagellum in longitudinal section. n to q) Callichtys callichthys. n and o) Early spermatids in longitudinal sections. p) Midpiece showing mitochondria. q) Flagellum in longitudinal section. (a) X 7750; (b, f, i, n, p) X 13250; (c, g, k, m) X 17000; (d) X 10200; (e, j) X 11900; (h) 20400; (l) X 23000; (o) X 13600; (q) X 31500. D: distal centriole; F: flagellum; N: nucleus; P: proximal centriole; S: Setoli cell; V: vesicles; Asterisk: mitochondria, Arrow: cytoplasmic channel; Arrowhead: lateral membranous compartment.
Fig. 6 in Comparative analysis of spermiogenesis and sperm ultrastructure in Callichthyidae (Teleostei: Ostariophysi: Siluriformes)
Fig. 6. Spermatozoa of Aspidoras poecilus. a) Spermatozoon longitudinal section. b and c) Nucleus in longitudinal and cross sections. d) Centriolar arrangement. e to i) Midpiece in longitudinal and transverse sections showing mitochondria, vesicles, cytoplasmic channel, and electron-dense circular structures. j and k) Flagellum in longitudinal sections. j-inset and l) Flagellum in cross sections. (a, b, f, j, k) X 23000; (c, d) X 17000; (e) X 22050; (g, h) X 25200; (i) X 18400; (j-inset, l) X 57500. B: basal body; D: distal centriole; E: electron-dense structure; F: flagellum; N: nucleus; P: proximal centriole; V: vesicles; Asterisk: mitochondria, Arrow: cytoplasmic channel; Arrowhead: lateral membranous compartment; Double arrowhead: electron-dense material between the centrioles; Lozenge: electron-dense circular structure.
Fig. 5 in Comparative analysis of spermiogenesis and sperm ultrastructure in Callichthyidae (Teleostei: Ostariophysi: Siluriformes)
Fig. 5. Spermatozoa of Scleromystax lacerdai. a) Spermatozoon longitudinal section. b and c) Nucleus in longitudinal and cross sections. d) Detail of centriolar arrangement. e to g) Midpiece in longitudinal and transverse sections showing mitochondria and vesicles. h) Flagellum in longitudinal section. h-inset) Flagellum in cross section. (a, d, e) X23000; (b, c) X 17000; (f) X25200; (g) X 20400; (h) X 42000; (h-inset) X 32200. B: basal body; D: distal centriole; E: electron-dense structure; F: flagellum; N: nucleus; P: proximal centriole; V: vesicles; Asterisk: mitochondria, Arrow: cytoplasmic channel; Arrowhead: lateral membranous compartment; Double arrowhead: electron-dense material between the centrioles; Lozenge: electron-dense circular structure.
Fig. 4 in Comparative analysis of spermiogenesis and sperm ultrastructure in Callichthyidae (Teleostei: Ostariophysi: Siluriformes)
Fig. 4. Spermatozoa of Corydoras aeneus. a) Longitudinal section. b and c) Nucleus in cross sections. d) Detail of centriolar arrangement. e to j) Midpiece longitudinal and transverse sections showing mitochondria, vesicles, membranous compartment, and electron-dense circular structure. k and l) Flagellum in longitudinal sections. m and n) Flagellum in cross sections. (a, d) X 17000; (b) X 13800; (c) X 15750; (e, h, k, l) X 23000; (f) X 20400; (g) 44100; (i, j) X 31500; (m) X 47250; (n) X 57500. B: basal body; D: distal centriole; E: electron-dense structure; F: flagellum; N: nucleus; P: proximal centriole; V: vesicles; Asterisk: mitochondria, Arrow: cytoplasmic channel; Arrowhead: lateral membranous compartment; Double arrowhead: electron-dense material between the centrioles; Lozenge: electron-dense circular structure.
Fig. 3 in Comparative analysis of spermiogenesis and sperm ultrastructure in Callichthyidae (Teleostei: Ostariophysi: Siluriformes)
Fig. 3. Spermatozoa of Corydoras flaveolus. a) Spermatozoon longitudinal section. b and c) Nucleus in transverse sections. d) Detail of centriolar arrangement. e to j) Midpiece longitudinal and transverse sections showing mitochondria, vesicles, cytoplasmic channel, and electron-dense circular structure. k and l) Flagellum longitudinal sections. m and n) Flagellum cross sections. (a) X 17000; (b, c) X 15750; (d) X 28350; (e, f, h) X 23000; (g, m) X 42000; (i) X 18900; (j) X 25200; (k) X 25300; (l, n) X 31500. B: basal body; D: distal centriole; E: electron-dense structure; F: flagellum; N: nucleus; P: proximal centriole; V: vesicles; Asterisk: mitochondria, Arrow: cytoplasmic channel; Arrowhead: lateral membranous compartment; Double arrowhead: electron-dense material between the centrioles; Lozenge: electron-dense circular structure.
Fig. 10 in Comparative analysis of spermiogenesis and sperm ultrastructure in Callichthyidae (Teleostei: Ostariophysi: Siluriformes)
Fig. 10. Spermatozoa of Callichthys callichthys. a) Spermatozoon in longitudinal section. b and c) Nucleus in longitudinal and cross sections. d) Centriolar arrangement. e to g) Midpiece in longitudinal and transverse sections showing mitochondria, vesicles, and cytoplasmic channel. h and i) Flagellum in longitudinal and cross sections. (a, g, h) X 31500; (b, e) X 23000; (c, f) X 17000; (d, i) X 42000. D: distal centriole; E: electron-dense structure; F: flagellum; N: nucleus; P: proximal centriole; V: vesicles; Asterisk: mitochondria, Arrow: cytoplasmic channel; Arrowhead: lateral membranous compartment.
Fig. 1. Photomicrography showing a in Comparative analysis of spermiogenesis and sperm ultrastructure in Callichthyidae (Teleostei: Ostariophysi: Siluriformes)
Fig. 1. Photomicrography showing a general view of the semi-cystic spermatogenesis in Corydoras flaveolus, Corydoradinae (a and b) and of the cystic spermatogenesis in Hoplosternum littorale, Callichthyinae (c and d). Scale bar a and c = 20 µm, b and d = 10 µm. CI: cysts of primary spermatocytes; G: spermatogonia; T: spermatids in the lumen of germinative compartment; Z spermatozoa, Arrow: spermatids cysts.
Fig. 2 in Comparative analysis of spermiogenesis and sperm ultrastructure in Callichthyidae (Teleostei: Ostariophysi: Siluriformes)
Fig. 2. Spermiogenesis in Corydoradinae. a-d) Corydoras flaveolus; e-h) Corydoras aeneus; i) Scleromystax lacerdai. a) Spermatids together with spermatozoa in the lumen of the testicular tubules. b-d) Early spermatids connected to the Sertoli cells surface. e and e-insets) Arrangement of the centriolar complex showing electron-dense material between centrioles, and flagellum with classical (9+2) axoneme. f to h) Midpiece showing mitochondria, vesicles, and electron-dense circular structure (longitudinal sections). i) Late spermatid. (a) X 3250; (b) X 4875; (c, d) X 5750; (e) X 13250; (e-inset left, i) X 17000; (e-inset right) X 25850; (f, g) X 9750; (h) X 7750. C: centriolar complex; D: distal centriole; L: lumen; N: nucleus; P: proximal centriole; S: Sertoli cell; V: vesicles; Z: spermatozoon; Asterisk: mitochondria, Arrow: cytoplasmic channel; Arrowhead: point connection; Double arrowhead: electron-dense material between the centrioles; Lozenge: electron-dense circular structure.
Figure 5 in Sperm ultrastructure in Hemidonax pictus (Hemidonacidae, Bivalvia, Mollusca): comparison with other heterodonts, especially Cardiidae, Donacidae and Crassatelloidea
Figure 5. Ultrastructure (TEM) of spermatozoa of Papyridea semisulcata. A, longitudinal section (LS) showing acrosomal complex, nucleus, midpiece region (tangential, not through centrioles) and emergent flagellum. B, C, LS of acrosomal complex (acrosomal vesicle + subacrosomal deposit) and nuclear apex. Note internal differentiation of basal ring material. D, transverse section (TS) at posterior region (basal ring region) of acrosomal complex. Note layers of differing electron density within basal ring. E, TS of nucleus. F, TS of midpiece showing four mitochondria and proximal centriole (the latter shown in LS profile). Abbreviations: a, acrosomal complex; av, acrosomal vesicle; br, basal ring (of acrosomal vesicle contents); f, flagellum; m, mitochondrion of midpiece; n, nucleus; nl, nuclear lacuna; pc, proximal centriole; pm, plasma membrane; sm, subacrosomal material.
FIGURE 5 in Bundles of Sperm: Structural Diversity in Scorpion Sperm Packages Illuminates Evolution of Insemination in an Ancient Lineage
FIGURE 5. Sperm packages of Urodacidae Pocock, 1893 (A, B), Diplocentridae Karsch, 1880 (C, D), Scorpionidae Latreille, 1802 (E, F), and Bothriuridae Simon, 1880 (G–L) imaged with scanning electron microscopy (A–C, G, J) or light microscopy (D–F, H, I, K, L). A, B. Urodacus planimanus Pocock, 1893: ellipsoidal/ spherical. C. Diplocentrus lindo Stockwell and Baldwin, 2001: spiral/spherical. D. Nebo hierichonticus (Simon, 1872): bent. E. Pandinus imperator (C.L. Koch, 1841): straight. F. Scorpio fuliginosus (Pallary, 1928): ellipsoidal. G. Brachistosternus ferrugineus (Thorell, 1876): canelike. H. Brachistosternus pentheri Mello-Leitão, 1931: canelike. I. Lisposoma josehermana Lamoral, 1979: straight. J. Orobothriurus tamarugal Ochoa et al., 2011: straight. K. Rumikiru lourencoi (Ojanguren Affilastro, 2003): straight. L. Thestylus aurantiurus Yamaguti and Pinto-daRocha, 2003: straight. Scale bars: 25 µm.
FIGURE 4 in Bundles of Sperm: Structural Diversity in Scorpion Sperm Packages Illuminates Evolution of Insemination in an Ancient Lineage
FIGURE 4. Sperm packages of Chactidae Pocock, 1893 (A, B), Vaejovidae Thorell, 1876 (C–F), Heteroscorpionidae Kraepelin, 1905 (G, H), Hemiscorpiidae Pocock, 1893 (I), and Hormuridae Laurie, 1896 (J–L) imaged with scanning electron microscopy (A–J) or light microscopy (K, L). A, B. Uroctonus mordax Thorell, 1876: bent. C, D. Paravaejovis spinigerus (Wood, 1863): bent. E. Graemeloweus glimmei (Hjelle, 1972): bent. F. Vejovoidus longiunguis (Williams, 1969): bent. G, H. Heteroscorpion goodmani Lourenco, 1996: bent/double bent. I. Hemiscorpius lepturus Peters, 1861: bent. J. Hadogenes troglodytes (Peters, 1861): annular. K, L. Hormurus sp., Queensland, Australia: annular, double bent. Scale bars: 25 µm.
FIGURE 9 in Bundles of Sperm: Structural Diversity in Scorpion Sperm Packages Illuminates Evolution of Insemination in an Ancient Lineage
FIGURE 9. Schematic illustration summarizing the major types, shapes, and folding of sperm packages in Scorpiones with hypothesized evolutionary transformation from absence (free sperm), e.g., Buthida Soleglad and Fet 2003: A. Straight: fusiform, e.g., Parabuthus granulatus (Ehrenberg, 1831) (Buthidae C.L. Koch, 1837); straight, e.g., Iuridae Thorell, 1876, and Superstitioniidae Stahnke, 1940; or canelike, e.g., Bothriuridae Simon, 1880. B. Single fold: bent in half, e.g., Vaejovidae Thorell, 1876, Timogenes and Vachonia Abalos, 1954 (Bothriuridae). C. Multiple folds: ellipsoidal: double parallel fold, e.g., Tetratrichobothrius flavicaudis (De Geer, 1778), Nullibrotheas allenii (Wood, 1863); spiral, e.g., Euscorpiops longimanus (Pocock, 1893); double bent open gatefold, e.g., Broteochactas Pocock, 1893; annular: twisted, e.g., Hormuridae Laurie, 1896; or ringlike, e.g., Bothriurus Peters, 1861, and Timogenes Simon, 1880 (Bothriuridae).
FIGURE 1 in Bundles of Sperm: Structural Diversity in Scorpion Sperm Packages Illuminates Evolution of Insemination in an Ancient Lineage
FIGURE 1. Sperm packages of Bothriuridae Simon, 1880 (A, D, E, F), Superstitioniidae Stahnke, 1940 (B), Euscorpiidae Pocock, 1893 (C), and Buthidae C.L. Koch, 1837 (G–L), imaged with light microscopy (A–F) or scanning electron microscopy (G–L). A, D, E. Timogenes elegans (Mello-Leitão, 1931): bent, annular, straight. B. Superstitionia donensis Stahnke, 1940: straight. C. Tetratrichobothrius flavicaudis (De Geer, 1778): double bent/ellipsoidal; numbers represent folding that causes differences in shape. F. Brachistosternus ferrugineus (Thorell, 1876): straight. G. Zabius fuscus (Thorell, 1876): absent. H. Buthus paris (C.L. Koch, 1839): absent. I. Teruelius ankarana (Lourenço and Goodman, 2003): absent. J. Hottentotta conspersus (Thorell, 1876): absent. K. Babycurus jacksoni (Pocock, 1890): absent. L. Lychas obsti Kraepelin, 1913: absent. Arrows indicate folding of sperm packages described in text, including variations in conspecifics. Scale bars: 25 µm.
FIGURE 8 in Bundles of Sperm: Structural Diversity in Scorpion Sperm Packages Illuminates Evolution of Insemination in an Ancient Lineage
FIGURE 8. Transmission electron micrographs of spermatozoa from sperm packages of the bothriurid, Bothriurus bonariensis (C.L. Koch, 1842), sectioned at different points along an axis (A–D), and of sperm packages of four species of Bothriuridae Simon, 1880 sectioned in the middle (E–H). A. Head, middle piece, and flagella of different sperm packages. B. Nuclei of heads from different spermatozoa. C. Middle piece of different spermatozoa with paired mitochondria. D. Flagella of different spermatozoa. E. Bothriurus bonariensis. F. Timogenes elegans (Mello-Leitão, 1931). G. Brachistosternus ferrugineus (Thorell, 1876). H, I. Urophonius brachycentrus (Thorell, 1876). Inset in E–H illustrates details of axoneme. Abbreviations: axo, axoneme; f, flagellum; h, head; mit, mitochondria; mp, middle piece; n, nucleus. Scale bars: 0.5 µm (A–D); 2.5 µm (E–H).
FIGURE 3 in Bundles of Sperm: Structural Diversity in Scorpion Sperm Packages Illuminates Evolution of Insemination in an Ancient Lineage
FIGURE 3. Sperm packages of Caraboctonidae Kraepelin, 1905 (A, B), Superstitioniidae Stahnke, 1940 (C), Chactidae Pocock, 1893 (D–K), and Troglotayosicidae Lourenco, 1998 (L) imaged with scanning electron microscopy (A–C, E–G, K) or light microscopy (D, H–J, L). A. Caraboctonus keyserlingi Pocock, 1893: straight. B. Hadruroides lunatus (L. Koch, 1867): straight. C. Superstitionia donensis Stahnke, 1940: straight. D, E. Nullibrotheas allenii (Wood, 1863): ellipsoidal, double bent. F, G. Brotheas sp., Bartica District, Guyana: ellipsoidal, double bent. H. Broteochactas nitidus Pocock, 1893: double bent. I. Chactopsoides anduzei (González-Sponga, 1982): double bent. J. Chactas aequinoctialis (Karsch, 1879): ellipsoidal, spherical. K. Teuthraustes sp., Aguay Province, Ecuador: ellipsoidal. L. Troglotayosicus humiculum Botero-Trujillo and Francke, 2009: bent. Scale bars: 25 µm.
Data from: Genomics reveals the role of admixture in the evolution of structure among sperm whale populations within the Mediterranean Sea
<p>In oceanic ecosystems, the nature of barriers to gene flow, and the processes by which populations may become isolated are different from the terrestrial environment, and less well understood. In this study, we investigate a highly mobile species (the sperm whale, <em>Physeter macrocephalus</em>) that is genetically differentiated between an open North Atlantic population and the populations in the Mediterranean Sea. We apply high-resolution single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) analysis to study the nature of barriers to gene flow in this system, comparing gene flow across the putative boundary into the Mediterranean (Strait of Gibraltar and Alboran Sea region) with novel analyses on structuring among sperm whale populations within the Mediterranean basin. Our data support a recent founding of the Mediterranean, around the time of the last glacial maximum, and shows concerted historical demographic profiles in both the Atlantic and the Mediterranean. In each region, there is evidence for a population decline around the time of the founder event, more extreme within the Mediterranean Sea where effective population size is substantially lower. While differentiation is strongest at the Atlantic/Mediterranean boundary, there is also significant differentiation between the Eastern and Western basins of the Mediterranean Sea. We propose, however, that the mechanisms are different. While post-founding gene flow was reduced between the Mediterranean and Atlantic populations, within the Mediterranean an important factor differentiating the basins is likely a greater degree of admixture between the Western basin and the North Atlantic.</p>
Female reproductive fluids 'rescue' sperm from phenotypic ageing in an external fertilizer
<p class="MsoNormal">Female reproductive fluids (FRF) serve key reproductive functions in sexually reproducing animals, including modifying the way sperm swim and detect eggs, and influencing sperm lifespan. Despite the central role of FRF during fertilisation, we know surprisingly little about sperm-FRF interactions under different environmental conditions. Theory suggests that, in external fertilisers, FRF may 'rescue' sperm from ageing effects as they search to fertilise eggs. Here, we test the interaction between these two fundamental properties of the fertilisation environment, ejaculate age (i.e., time since ejaculation) and FRF, on a range of functional sperm phenotypes in a broadcast spawning mussel, <em>Mytilus galloprovincialis</em>. We found that the effects of ejaculate age on multivariate sperm motility traits and total sperm motility were altered by FRF, and that longer-lived sperm exhibit stronger, likely more advantageous, responses to FRF after periods of ageing. We also detected significant among-male variation in the relationship between sperm motility traits and ejaculate age; notably, these patterns were only revealed when sperm encountered FRF. Collectively these findings underscore the importance of considering female reproductive physiology when interpreting ageing-related declines in sperm motility, as doing so may expose important sources of variation in sperm phenotypic plasticity among males and environments.</p>
Dataset for: Female reproductive fluids attracts more and better sperm in zebrafish
<p class="MsoNormal">Mounting evidence shows that the female reproductive fluid (FRF) can differently affect sperm performance of different males by biasing paternity share among competing males. Here, we tested for the first time the potential of 'within-ejaculate cryptic female choice' mediated by the FRF in the zebrafish (<em>Danio rerio</em>). Using a recently developed sperm selection chamber, we separated and collected FRF-selected from non-selected sperm to compare the two subpopulations of sperm in terms of sperm number, viability, DNA integrity and fertilizing ability. We showed that the sperm attracted by FRF are more numerous, more viable and with higher DNA integrity. In addition, FRF-selected sperm fertilized more eggs, but if this is due to fertilization ability <em>per se</em> or numerical advantage is unknown. Our results suggest that the FRF can select sperm with a better phenotype, highlighting the crucial and impactful role that the FRF has in the process of fertilization and post-mating sexual selection dynamics and the potential implications for sperm selection in assisted reproductive techniques.</p>
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