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954 results for “survival data”

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dryad36/100

Survival data and code: Camouflage using 3D surface disruption

Disruptive markings are common in animal patterns and can provide camouflage benefits by concealing the body's true edges and/or by breaking the surface of the body into multiple depth planes. Disruptive patterns that are accentuated by high contrast borders are most likely to provide false depth cues to enhance camouflage, but studies to date have used visual detection models or humans as predators. We presented 3D-printed moth-like targets to wild bird predators to determine whether: (1) 3D prey with disrupted body surfaces have higher survival than 3D prey with continuous surfaces, (2) 2D prey with disruptive patterns or enhanced edge markings have higher survival than non-patterned 2D prey. We found a survival benefit for 3D prey with disrupted surfaces, even after accounting for luminance differences among the treatments. There was no evidence that false depth cues provided the same protective benefits as physical surface disruption in 3D prey, perhaps because our treatments did not mimic the complexity of patterns found in natural animal markings. Our findings indicate that disruption of surface continuity is an important strategy for concealing a 3D body shape.

opencc-zeroFeb 2023View details →

dryad36/100

Data from: Climate change consequences for differential adult survival and the mating system of a temperate breeding shorebird

Managing for the effects of climate change on species whose populations are currently imperiled requires detailed knowledge of the relationship between their demographic rates and climate variables. We sought this information for the West Coast breeding population of snowy plover (Charadrius nivosus), which was federally listed as threatened in 1993 due to substantial declines in the numbers of plovers breeding along the coast and in the number of sites occupied for breeding. Snowy plovers employ a serially polygamous breeding system in which the male typically tends chicks to independence. This unusual breeding system is favored by male-biased sex ratios in local populations. As part of a multi-species study of the effect of climate change on population growth, we used mark-capture models to examine climate drivers of adult survival for 1,219 snowy plovers banded at Monterey Bay over 38 years and known to overwinter on the surrounding north-central California outer coast. Non-climate variables, including sex and unmeasured annual mortality risks (e.g., predator abundance) were the primary factors affecting adult survival. However, there is evidence that cold weather, particularly extended cold snaps with daily low temperatures below 2˚C and daily high temperatures below 10˚C, decreases overwinter survival. Exceptionally cold winters had a particularly strong effect on adult female plovers, contributing to the male-biased adult sex ratios. Future winter climate on the north-central California coast is projected to be generally warmer with fewer and shorter cold snaps. Reduced mortality from cold winter weather may mitigate other threats faced by plovers, such as anthropogenically enhanced predator populations, habitat loss, and accelerated sea level rise, while altering the adult sex ratio and potentially shifting the evolutionary landscape maintaining the plover's unusual breeding system.

opencc-zeroApr 2023View details →

dryad36/100

Drosophila survival after infection and Buletin antibacterial activity data

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are key players in innate defence against infection in plants and animals. In Drosophila, many host defence peptides are produced downstream of the Toll and Imd NF-κB pathways. Use of single and compound AMP mutations in Drosophila has revealed that AMPs can additively or synergistically contribute to combat pathogens in vivo. However, these studies also revealed a high degree of specificity, wherein just one AMP can play a major role in combatting a specific pathogen. We recently uncovered a specific importance of the antibacterial peptide Drosocin for defence against Enterobacter cloacae. Here, we show that the Drosocin locus (CG10816) is more complex than previously described. In addition to its namesake peptide "Drosocin", it encodes a second peptide generated from a precursor via furin cleavage. We name this peptide "Buletin", and show that it corresponds to the uncharacterized "Immune-induced Molecule 7" previously identified by MALDI-TOF. The existence of a naturally occurring polymorphism (Thr52Ala) in the CG10816 precursor protein masked the identification of this peptide previously. Using mutations differently affecting the production of these two CG10816 gene products, we show that Drosocin, but not Buletin, contributes to the CG10816-mediated defence against E. cloacae. Strikingly, we observed that Buletin, but not Drosocin, contributes to the CG10816-mediated defence against Providencia burhodogranariea. Moreover, the Thr52Ala polymorphism in Buletin affects survival to P. burhodogranariea, wherein the Alanine allele confers better defence than the Threonine allele. However, we found no activity of Buletin against either P. burhodogranariea or E. coli in vitro. Collectively, our study reveals that CG10816 encodes not one but two prominent host defence peptides with different specificity against different pathogens. This finding emphasizes the complexity of the Drosophila humoral response consisting of multiple host defence peptides with specific activities, and demonstrates how natural polymorphisms found in Drosophila populations can affect host susceptibility.

opencc-zeroApr 2023View details →

zenodo36/100

Database containing Raw Data of Growth and Survival of Pathogens and Microbiota from Fate Studies in Artisanal Fermented Foods

Deliverable 5.5 is a spreadsheet containing metadata and raw data obtained from the fate studies conducted in Workpackage 5. In case of reutilisation of these data, the source should be properly cited.

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2022View details →

dryad36/100

Data from: Early-life behavior, survival and maternal personality in a wild marsupial

Individual behavior varies for many reasons, but how early in life is such variability apparent, and is it under selection? We investigated variation in early-life behavior in a wild eastern grey kangaroo (Macropus giganteus) population, and quantified associations of this behavior with early survival. Behavior of young was measured while still in the pouch and also as subadults, and we also monitored survival to weaning. We found consistent variation between offspring of different mothers in levels of activity at the pouch stage, in flight initiation distance as subadults, and in subadult survival, indicating similarity between siblings. There was no evidence of covariance between the measures of behavior at the pouch young vs subadult stages, nor of the early-life behavioral traits with subadult survival. However, there was a strong covariance between offspring and mothers' flight initiation distance (FID) tested at different times. Further, of the total repeatability of subadult FID (55.3%), more than two-thirds could be attributed to differences between offspring of different mothers. Our results indicate that (i) behavioral variation is apparent at a very early stage of development (still in the pouch in the case of this marsupial); (ii) between-mother differences can make up much of the repeatability of juvenile behavior (or 'personality'); and (iii) mothers and offspring exhibit similar behavioral responses to stimuli, potentially indicating heritability of behavioral responses. However, (iv) we found no evidence of selection via covariance between early-life or maternal behavioral traits and juvenile survival in this wild marsupial. Keywords: animal personality, maternal variance, early-life behaviour and survival, macropods, multivariate Bayesian statistics.

opencc-zeroJul 2023View details →

dryad36/100

Data from: Differential early-life survival underlies the adaptive significance of temperature-dependent sex determination in a long-lived reptile

Many ectotherms rely on temperature cues experienced during development to determine offspring sex. The first descriptions of temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD) were made over 50 years ago, yet an understanding of its adaptive significance remains elusive, especially in long-lived taxa. One novel hypothesis predicts that TSD should be evolutionarily favored when two criteria are met – (a) incubation temperature influences annual juvenile survival and (b) sexes mature at different ages. Under these conditions, a sex-dependent effect of incubation temperature on offspring fitness arises through differences in age at sexual maturity, with the sex that matures later benefiting disproportionately from temperatures that promote juvenile survival. The American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) serves as an insightful model in which to test this hypothesis, as males begin reproducing nearly a decade after females. Here, through a combination of artificial incubation experiments and mark-recapture approaches, we test the specific predictions of the survival-to-maturity hypothesis for the adaptive value of TSD by disentangling the effects of incubation temperature and sex on annual survival of alligator hatchlings across two geographically distinct sites. Hatchlings incubated at male-promoting temperatures consistently exhibited higher survival compared to those incubated at female-promoting temperatures. This pattern appears independent of hatchling sex, as females produced from hormone manipulation at male-promoting temperatures exhibit similar survival to their male counterparts. Additional experiments show that incubation temperature may affect early-life survival primarily by affecting the efficiency with which maternally transferred energy resources are used during development. Results from this study provide the first explicit empirical support for the adaptive value of TSD in a crocodilian and point to developmental energetics as a potential unifying mechanism underlying persistent survival consequences of incubation temperature.

opencc-zeroAug 2023View details →

dryad36/100

Data from: The CST complex facilitates cell survival under oxidative genotoxic stress

Genomic DNA is constantly exposed to a variety of genotoxic stresses, and it is crucial for organisms to be equipped with mechanisms for repairing the damaged genome. Previously, it was demonstrated that the mammalian CST (CTC1-STN1-TEN1) complex, which was originally identified as a single-stranded DNA-binding trimeric protein complex essential for telomere maintenance, is required for survival in response to hydroxyurea (HU), which induces DNA replication fork stalling. It is still unclear, however, how the CST complex is involved in the repair of diverse types of DNA damage induced by oxidizing agents such as H2O2. STN1 knockdown (KD) sensitized HeLa cells to high doses of H2O2. While H2O2-induced DNA strand breaks throughout the cell cycle, STN1 KD cells were as resistant as control cells to H2O2 treatment when challenged in the G1 phase of the cell cycle, but they were sensitive when exposed to H2O2 in S/G2/M phase. STN1 KD cells showed a failure of DNA synthesis and RAD51 foci formation upon H2O2 treatment. Chemical inhibition of RAD51 in shSTN1 cells did not exacerbate the sensitivity to H2O2, implying that the CST complex and RAD51 act in the same pathway. Collectively, our results suggest that the CST complex is required for maintaining genomic stability in response to oxidative DNA damage, possibly through RAD51-dependent DNA repair/protection mechanisms.

opencc-zeroAug 2023View details →

dryad36/100

Associated model data for: Size-selective predation effects on juvenile Chinook salmon cohort survival off Central California evaluated with an individual-based model

This dataset corresponds to the paper "Size-selective predation effects on juvenile Chinook salmon cohort survival off Central California evaluated with an individual-based model" which is in press at Fisheries Oceanography. The abstract for this paper is as follows: Variation in the recruitment of salmon is often found to be correlated with marine climate indices, but mechanisms behind environment-recruitment relationships remain unclear and correlations often break down over time. We used an ecosystem modeling approach to explore bottom-up and top-down mechanisms linking a variable environment to salmon recruitment variations. Our ecosystem model incorporates a regional ocean circulation sub-model for hydrodynamics, a nutrient-phytoplankton-zooplankton sub-model for producing planktonic prey fields, and an individual-based model (IBM) representing juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), combined with observations of foraging distributions and diet of a seabird predator. The salmon IBM consists of modules, including a juvenile salmon growth module based on temperature and salmon-prey availability, a behavior-based movement module, and a juvenile salmon predation mortality module based on juvenile salmon size distribution and predator-prey interaction probability. Seabird-salmon interactions depend on spatial overlap and juvenile salmon size, whereby salmon that grow past the size range of the prey distribution of the predator will escape predation. We used a 21-year historical simulation to explore interannual variability in juvenile Chinook salmon growth and predation-mediated survival under a range of ocean conditions for sized-based mortality scenarios. We based a series of increasingly complex predation scenarios on seabird observational data to explore variability in predation mortality on juvenile Chinook salmon. We initially included information about the predator spatial distribution, then added population size, and finally, the predator's diet percentage made up of juvenile salmon. Model agreement improves with added predator complexity, especially during periods when predator abundance is high. Overall, our model found that when the fraction of juvenile salmon in seabird diet increased relative to alternate prey (e.g., Northern anchovy Engraulis mordax, and juvenile rockfish Sebastes spp.), there was a concomitant decrease in salmon cohort survival during their first year at sea.

opencc-zeroSep 2023View details →

dryad36/100

Data from: Nonbreeding season survival of northern bobwhite in northeastern Colorado

Northern bobwhites have experienced population declines in Colorado and range-wide. Estimating vital rates can provide clues to factors limiting population growth rate. Although recent estimates of breeding season survival in the northwest corner of the northern bobwhite range are available, there have been no recent studies on nonbreeding season survival. We used radio-telemetry to estimate nonbreeding season (Oct–Mar) survival of northern bobwhites at two study sites in northeastern Colorado during winter 2019–2020 and 2020–2021. Based on our sample of 157 bobwhites, we found that survival was highly variable between years and was negatively affected by colder daily minimum temperatures and deeper snow depths. Seasonal (6-month) survival during the first year was 0.219 (SE = 0.040) and during the second year was 0.006 (SE = 0.005). We found no evidence that sex, age, or study site influenced survival, and very weak support for an effect of body mass. During our study, there were two extreme winter weather events, during which we found unusually high numbers of non-predation mortality. Overall, northern bobwhite nonbreeding season survival in the northwest corner of their range appears to be generally similar to other regions, except during extreme winter weather events, which resulted in high mortality. We encourage managers to create or maintain vegetation characteristics that will provide shelter from winter weather while also providing abundant food in close proximity.

opencc-zeroSep 2023View details →

ClinicalTrials.gov36/100

Development and Validation of a Deep Learning-Based Survival Prediction Model for Pediatric Glioma Patients: A Retrospective Study Using the SEER Database and Chinese Data

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06199388. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 2.

closedIPD-NOFeb 2026View details →

ClinicalTrials.gov36/100

Multi-center, Survival Data Collection in Subjects Previously Enrolled in Celgene Protocol CC-5013-MDS-003

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01099267. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 2. Publications: 2.

restrictedIPD-UNDECIDEDFeb 2026View details →

dryad36/100