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Fig. 16 in First evidence of PRoganoCHelYS QUenStedtii (Testudinata) from the PlateoSaURUS bonebeds (Norian, Late Triassic) of Frick, Canton Aargau, Switzerland
Fig. 16 Isolated elements of the left pes of Proganochelys quenstedtii (SMF 09-F2). A–C, Isolated elements, potentially belonging to a single digit. A, Terminal phalange/ungual. B, Proximal phalangeal bone. C, Metatarsal bone. D, Articulated digit associated with sesamoid bone
Fig. 15 in First evidence of PRoganoCHelYS QUenStedtii (Testudinata) from the PlateoSaURUS bonebeds (Norian, Late Triassic) of Frick, Canton Aargau, Switzerland
Fig. 15 Hindlimb elements (left autopodium) of Proganochelys quenstedtii (SMF 09-F2). A–D, Articulated pes with interpretative sketches superimposed (A, B dorsal, C, D ventral/plantar view). Abbreviations: ast, astragalus; cal, calcaneum; dt 1–4, distal tarsal 1–4; mt I–V, metatarsal I–V; ost, osteoderm; ph, phalangeal bone; ses, sesamoid bone
Fig. 14 in First evidence of PRoganoCHelYS QUenStedtii (Testudinata) from the PlateoSaURUS bonebeds (Norian, Late Triassic) of Frick, Canton Aargau, Switzerland
Fig. 14 Hindlimb elements (zeugopodium) of Proganochelys quenstedtii (SMF 09-F2). A, B, Right tibia (A ventral, B dorsal view). C, D, Right fibula (C ventral, D dorsal view). E–F, Limb osteoderms with ovoid bases and off-centred peaks
Fig. 13 in First evidence of PRoganoCHelYS QUenStedtii (Testudinata) from the PlateoSaURUS bonebeds (Norian, Late Triassic) of Frick, Canton Aargau, Switzerland
Fig. 13 Forelimb elements of Proganochelys quenstedtii (SMF 09-F2). A–D, Left humerus and interpretative drawings superimposed (A, B dorsal, C, D ventral view). E, F, Left ulna and interpretative drawing superimposed in ventral view. Abbreviations: delt, deltopectoral crest; ect, ectepicondyle; ect f, ectepicondylar foramen; ent, entepicondyle; lat, lateral process; med, medial process; ole, olecranon
Fig. 12 in First evidence of PRoganoCHelYS QUenStedtii (Testudinata) from the PlateoSaURUS bonebeds (Norian, Late Triassic) of Frick, Canton Aargau, Switzerland
Fig. 12 Pelvic girdle and sacrum of Proganochelys quenstedtii (SMF 09-F2). A–D, Pelvic girdle consisting of fused pubes, ilia and ischia (A posterior, B anterior, C right lateral, D left lateral view). Note that the hole in the left pubis does not represent the thyroid fenestra but is a break in the bone. E, F, Fragment of the postpelvic hypoischium. Abbreviations: ac, acetabulum; epi, epipubic process, il, ilium; is, ischium; it, ischial tubercle; lpp, lateral pubic process; pu, pubis; sr I, first sacral rib; sr II, second sacral rib; sv I, first sacral vertebral centrum; tf, thyroid fenestra
Fig. 10 in First evidence of PRoganoCHelYS QUenStedtii (Testudinata) from the PlateoSaURUS bonebeds (Norian, Late Triassic) of Frick, Canton Aargau, Switzerland
Fig. 10 Neck vertebral column of Proganochelys quenstedtii (SMF 09-F2). A, Cervical vertebrae and osteoderms in left lateral view. B, Osteoderms as they are mounted over the cervical vertebrae in posterior view. C, Cervical vertebrae and osteoderms in dorsal view. D, Cervical vertebrae and osteoderms in ventral view. Abbreviations: c, centrum; na, neural arch; poz, postzygapophysis; prz, prezygapophysis; tp, transverse process
Fig. 11 in First evidence of PRoganoCHelYS QUenStedtii (Testudinata) from the PlateoSaURUS bonebeds (Norian, Late Triassic) of Frick, Canton Aargau, Switzerland
Fig. 11 Tail region of Proganochelys quenstedtii (SMF 09-F2). A, Preserved caudal vertebrae in left lateral view. The black arrow points at the hemal arch of the 4th preserved caudal vertebra from anterior. B, Preserved tail in ventral view. C, Preserved caudal vertebrae and anterior osteoderms of the tail club in dorsal view. D, Tail club in left lateral view. E, F, Individual osteoderms consisting of four spikes each, in anterior and posterior views. The exact position of these elements anterior to the tail club (i.e., closer to the base of the tail) is ambiguous. G, Isolated tail spike in anterior and posterior view. Abbreviations: c, centrum; ha, hemal arch; na, neural arch; os, osteoderm; poz, postzygapophysis; prz, prezygapophysis; tp, transverse process
Fig. 9 in First evidence of PRoganoCHelYS QUenStedtii (Testudinata) from the PlateoSaURUS bonebeds (Norian, Late Triassic) of Frick, Canton Aargau, Switzerland
Fig. 9 Shell remains of Proganochelys quenstedtii (SMF 09-F2). A–C, Carapace (A angled anterodorsolateral, B, right side in dorsolateral, C, right side in lateral view). Reconstructed parts of the carapace are delimited by grey-shaded area set off by a stippled white line and marked with a white r. The anterior aspect of the carapace is marked in each view by a black arrow. D–H, Various parts of the plastron. Due to the fragmented nature of these bones, their position in the plastron is ambiguous
Fig. 8 3D in First evidence of PRoganoCHelYS QUenStedtii (Testudinata) from the PlateoSaURUS bonebeds (Norian, Late Triassic) of Frick, Canton Aargau, Switzerland
Fig. 8 3D renderings of the endosseous labyrinths and stapedial fragment of Proganochelys quenstedtii (SMF 09-F2). A, Left labyrinth in lateral view; B, In dorsal view; C, In posterior view; D, Right labyrinth in lateral view, E, In dorsal view; F, In posterior view; G, Left labyrinth in lateral view rendered transparent to show preservational position of the stapedial fragment; H, Close-up of stapedial fragment in lateral view. I, In medial view. Note that the right lateral semicircular canal is broken. Abbreviations: asc, anterior semicircular canal; bsr, base of stapedial rod; cod, cochlear duct; fov, fenestra ovalis; fpl, fenestra perilymphatica; lsc, lateral semicircular canal; psc, posterior semicircular canal; sfp, stapedial footplate
Fig. 5 3D in First evidence of PRoganoCHelYS QUenStedtii (Testudinata) from the PlateoSaURUS bonebeds (Norian, Late Triassic) of Frick, Canton Aargau, Switzerland
Fig. 5 3D renderings of the braincase of Proganochelys quenstedtii (SMF 09-F2). A, Posterodorsal view; B, Same as A, but rendered transparently with horn core vascularization models rendered opaque; C, Posterior view; D, Same as C, but rendered transparent with horn core vascularization models rendered opaque. Note that dashed lines in A are margins of a weakly defined groove we interpret as the osteological correlate for the course of the stapedial artery. Abbreviations: btb, basis tuberculi basalis; exr, exoccipital ridge; fm, foramen magnum; hc, horn core; occ, occipital condyle; otc, otic capsule; pop, paroccipital condyle; stag, stapedial artery groove; vas, vascularization; X–XI, short canal for the CN X–XI (i.e., foramen jugulare intermedius of Sterli & Joyce, 2007)
Fig. 7 3D in First evidence of PRoganoCHelYS QUenStedtii (Testudinata) from the PlateoSaURUS bonebeds (Norian, Late Triassic) of Frick, Canton Aargau, Switzerland
Fig. 7 3D renderings of the braincase endocast, cranial nerve endocasts, and endosseous labyrinth model of Proganochelys quenstedtii (SMF 09-F2). A, Left lateral view; B, Dorsal view; C, Right lateral view; D, Ventral view. Abbreviations: end, cranial endocast; f, foramen jugulare; fov, fenestra ovalis; fpl, fenestra perilymphatica (interface between endosseous labyrinth and canal for the CN X–XI); gg, geniculate ganglion of the facial nerve (CN VII); lab, endosseous labyrinth; pit, endocast of the pituitary fossa; V, trigeminal nerve (CN V); VI, abducens nerve (CN VI); VII, facial nerve (CN VII); VIII, acoustic nerve (CN VIII); X–XI, vagus nerve (CN X) and accessory nerve (CN XI); XII, hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
Fig. 6 3D in First evidence of PRoganoCHelYS QUenStedtii (Testudinata) from the PlateoSaURUS bonebeds (Norian, Late Triassic) of Frick, Canton Aargau, Switzerland
Fig. 6 3D renderings of the sagittally and axially sectioned braincase of Proganochelys quenstedtii (SMF 09-F2). A, Dorsomedial view onto left side of sectioned braincase, exposing the medial surface of the braincase. Note that nerve endocasts and the endosseous labyrinth is also rendered. B, Same image as A, but with interpretative line drawings. Note that the arrow in B indicates the course of the CN X–XI from the foramen jugulare anterius through a short canal. Abbreviations: btb, basis tuberculi basalis; clp, clinoid process; ds, dorsum sellae; exr, exoccipital ridge; fav, foramen aquaducti vestibuli; foramen jugulare anterius (i.e., internal braincase opening for CN X–XI; fpl, fenestra perilymphatica; occ, occipital condyle; pao, pila antotica; pop, paroccipital process; stag, stapedial artery groove; V, prootic foramen for the trigeminal (CN V) nerve; VI, (internal) abducens nerve (CN VI) foramen; VII, (internal) facial nerve (CN VI) foramen; VIII, (internal) acoustic nerve foramina; X–XI, course of vagus (CN X) and accessory (CN XI) nerves; XII, hypoglossal nerve foramina
Fig. 4 3D in First evidence of PRoganoCHelYS QUenStedtii (Testudinata) from the PlateoSaURUS bonebeds (Norian, Late Triassic) of Frick, Canton Aargau, Switzerland
Fig. 4 3D renderings of the braincase of Proganochelys quenstedtii (SMF 09-F2). A, Anterior view; B, Same as A, but with soft tissue endocasts and interpretative line drawings included; C, Left lateral view; D, Same as C, but with soft tissue endocasts and interpretative line drawings included; E, Anteroventral view; F, Same as E, but with soft tissue endocasts and interpretative line drawings included. Abbreviations: anfov, antrum to fenestra ovalis; end, cranial endocast; faccb, foramen anterius canals caroticus basiphenoidalis; fos, fossa; fov, fenestra ovalis; fpccb, foramen posterius canalis caroticus basisphenoidalis; hc, horn core; occ, occipital condyle; orsc, orbitosphenoidal crest; pit, endocast of pituitary fossa; prof, prootic fossa; sqf, squamosum fossa; st, sella turcica; V, prootic foramen for the trigeminal (CN V) nerve; VI, abducens nerve (CN VI) foramen; VII, facial nerve (CN VII) foramen; vasf, vascular foramen
Fig. 2 in First evidence of PRoganoCHelYS QUenStedtii (Testudinata) from the PlateoSaURUS bonebeds (Norian, Late Triassic) of Frick, Canton Aargau, Switzerland
Fig. 2 Braincase of Proganochelys quenstedtii (SMF 09-F2). A, Braincase during preparation in anterior view. Note that at this stage the prootic foramen for the trigeminal nerve was complete and the shaft of the stapes was still articulated with the braincase close to the fenestra ovalis (the small fragment indicated by the white stippled line and arrow as well as the shaft of the stapes are kept separately with the braincase). B, Braincase after preparation in anterior view. C, In posterior view. D, In left lateral view. Abbreviations: fm, foramen magnum; fov, fenestra ovalis; st, stapes; V, prootic foramen for the trigeminal (CN V) nerve
Fig. 1 in First evidence of PRoganoCHelYS QUenStedtii (Testudinata) from the PlateoSaURUS bonebeds (Norian, Late Triassic) of Frick, Canton Aargau, Switzerland
Fig. 1 Geographical and geological overview of the find of Proganochelys quenstedtii (SMF 09-F2). A, Schematic overview map of Switzerland with the town of Frick in Canton Aargau (in grey) highlighted [redrawn from 3D map viewer at https://www.swisstopo.admin.ch/]. B, Photograph of the construction site where the sediments of the Gruhalde Member are exposed at Frickberg (Image courtesy: Grabungsteam Frick, used with permission). C, Excavation of SMF 09-F2 by one of us (BP; Image courtesy: Grabungsteam Frick, used with permission). D, Schematic map of the excavation site using a 50 × 50 cm grid (indicated by the small + signs). The bones belonging to SMF 09-F2 are highlighted in dark grey. E, Simplified sedimentological column based on the exposed profile (based on Jordan et al., 2016 in Tschopp et al., 2020) in the clay pit Gruhalde and the finding layer of SMF 09-F2 at Frickberg indicated
Fig. 7 in The first Jurassic coelacanth from Switzerland
Fig. 7 Photographs of two latimeriid coelacanths from the Upper Jurassic of Germany showing the body outline and caudal fin with a prominent supplementary caudal lobe. A Specimen of Libys sp. (no collection number) exposed in the permanent exhibition of the BÜrgermeister-MÜller-Museum, Solnhofen, Germany. It is worth noting that this specimen is labeled as Holophagus, but the morphological characteristics (e.g., a sensory canal opening through a large groove crossed by pillars) and the meristic clearly indicate that this specimen belongs to the genus Libys. B Undina penicillata (BSM 1870 XIV 22)
Fig. 6 in A new pachypleurosaur from the Early Ladinian Prosanto Formation in the Eastern Alps of Switzerland
Fig. 6 Phylogenetic relationships of European Pachypleurosauria and Prosantosaurus scheffoldi gen. et spec. nov. Cladogram resulting from Traditional Search (TNT Version 1.5; settings: 100,000 replications, 1000 trees held per replication, TBR active, outgroup Simosaurus; Memory settings: 30,000 trees, 1000 MB) with the eight specimens from the Prosanto Formation treated as a single OUT. Tree length is 178 steps.The New Technology Search revealed the same topology and tree length (Additional file 1: Fig. S31)
Fig. 4 in A new pachypleurosaur from the Early Ladinian Prosanto Formation in the Eastern Alps of Switzerland
Fig. 4 Idealized schematic sketches of the skull of Prosantosaurus scheffoldi gen et spec. nov. from the upper Prosanto Formation (Early Ladinian, Middle Triassic) of Ducanfurgga locality no. 4, southwest of Davos, Canton of Grisons, south-eastern Switzerland. A Skull in dorsal view and B skull in ventral view
Fig. 1 in The first Jurassic coelacanth from Switzerland
Fig. 1 Maps showing the localization of the fossiliferous outcrops. A Paleogeographical map showing the continent configuration during the Toarcian (modified from Scotese, 2014, Map 39) with the distribution of (1) Diplurus longicaudatus, (2) Holophagus gulo, (3) Trachymetopon, (4) Undina (?) barroviensis, (5) Libys callolepis sp. nov. (6) Atacamaia solitaria and (7) Indocoelacanthus robustus. B Paleogeographic map of the NW Tethys Ocean (modified from Fantasia et al., 2019), enlargement of B (red square). C Map of Switzerland with the locality of Les Pueys near the Teysachaux summit (Canton of Fribourg, Switzerland)
Fig. 6 in The first Jurassic coelacanth from Switzerland
Fig. 6 Comparison of scales between Libys callolepis sp. nov. and some other Latimeriidae. A Libys callolepis sp. nov. (holotype, NMBE 5034072). Scales of the flank below the neural arches between the basal plates of the anterior and posterior dorsal fin. B Libys polypterus ('L. superbus') (BSM AS I 801a). Scales of the flank located between the neural arches and the basal plate of the second dorsal fin. C Undina penicillata (BSM 1870 XIV 22). Scales of the middle flank located on the neural arches below the basal plate of the second dorsal fin. D Trachymetopon ('Macropoma') substriolatum (holotype, SMC J27415) from the Kimmeridgian of Cottenham, Cambridgeshire. Scales of the middle flank. It is worth noting that this species was first attributed by Huxley (1866) to the genus Macropoma and latter to Coccoderma by Reis (1888). Forey (1998) kept this species within Coccoderma, but remarked that it shows affinities with Holophagus. Recently, Cavin et al. (2021a) attributed this specimen to the genus of Trachymetopon regarding, among other characteristics, the coarse ornamentation on the dermal bones
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