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153 results for “taxonomic problems”
FIGURE 1 in Phylogeny, taxonomy and nomenclature: the problem of taxonomic categories and of nomenclatural ranks
FIGURE 1: Compulsory and optional nomenclatural ranks in zoological nomenclature, based on a hypothetic phylogeny. Nomenclatural ranks as designated in the upper line are as follows: C, classis; sC, subclassis; O, ordo; sO, subordo; SF, superfamilia; F, familia; sF, subfamilia; T, tribus; G, genus; sG, subgenus; S, species. Background colours indicate the nominal-series in which these ranks belong: blue, class-series; green, family-series; yellow, genus-series; salmon, species-series. Red stippled lines correspond to five major ranks that must be named in all cases, according to the guidelines here presented (see text). In the text, a taxon is designated by the letter(s) of its rank (upper line), combined with its number appearing in the tree. The reasons for naming these taxa are as follows: (1) star in circle, terminal taxa (species); (2) circles, taxa that must be named because they include several subtaxa; (3) squares, taxa that must be named, although they include only one species, because, acording to the phylogeny presented, they are sister-groups of taxa indicated by circles; (4) diamonds, taxa that are not supported by cladistic data, but that must be named for purpose of allowing the nomenclatural hierarchy to play its rôle of system of storage and retrieval of information (see text).
FIGURE 2 in Phylogeny, taxonomy and nomenclature: the problem of taxonomic categories and of nomenclatural ranks
FIGURE 2: Phylogenetic tree of the MEGOPHRYIDAE (AMPHIBIA, ANURA) inferred from morphological and molecular data (Delorme et al. 2006). The numbers on the right preceded by letters designate the genera (G) and subgenera (sG) in the text. The numbers on the branches correspond to the following taxa: (1) family MEGOPHRYIDAE Bonaparte, 1850 (1931); (2) subfamily LEPTOBRACHIINAE Dubois, 1983; (3) tribe LEPTOBRACHIINI Dubois, 1983 and genus Leptobrachium Tschudi, 1838; (4) tribe OREOLALAGINI Tian & Hu, 1985; (5) genus Scutiger Theobald, 1868; (6) subfamily LEPTOLALAG- INAE Delorme, Dubois, Grosjean & Ohler, 2006; (7) genus Leptolalax Dubois, 1980; (8) subfamily MEGOPHRYINAE Bonaparte, 1850 (1931); (9) tribe XENOPHRYINI Delorme, Dubois, Grosjean & Ohler, 2006; (10) tribe MEGOPHRYINI Bonaparte, 1850 (1931).
FIGURE 5 in <p><strong>Nomenclatural and taxonomic problems related to</strong> <strong>the electronic publication of new nomina and nomenclatural acts in zoology, with brief comments on optical discs and on the situation in botany</strong></p>
FIGURE 5. Accompanying letters of four documents received by the Paris Museum library: facsimiles of PDFs of (a–c) three works published by Parasites & Vectors (Andrade Filho et al. 2009, Freeman & Sommerville 2010, Poinar 2009) and (d) a work published by BMC evolutionary Biology (Tan et al. 2012), letter received on 14 January 2013.
FIGURE 2 in <p><strong>Nomenclatural and taxonomic problems related to</strong> <strong>the electronic publication of new nomina and nomenclatural acts in zoology, with brief comments on optical discs and on the situation in botany</strong></p>
FIGURE 2. First page of Yamaguchi et al. (2012) under two different versions: (a) PDF dated 8 March 2012, downloaded from the BMC website on 6 November 2012; (b) paper facsimile dated 8 March 2012, received by the Paris Museum library before 5 November 2012 (two pages on one, successive pages printed upside down).
FIGURE 4 in <p><strong>Nomenclatural and taxonomic problems related to</strong> <strong>the electronic publication of new nomina and nomenclatural acts in zoology, with brief comments on optical discs and on the situation in botany</strong></p>
FIGURE 4. Four pages of Bargues et al. (2011) under two different versions: (a) page 11 of PDF dated 12 July 2011, downloaded from the BMC website on 11 November 2012, showing its fig. 8 with its correct legend; (b–d) pages 6, 9 and 15 of paper facsimile dated 12 July 2011, received by the Paris Museum library before 5 November 2012, showing its fig. 2 (legend of fig. 2 in PDF, tree of fig. 8 in PDF), its fig. 4 (legend of fig. 4 in PDF, photograph of fig. 10 in PDF) and its fig. 10 (legend and photograph of fig. 10 in PDF).
FIGURE 3. Page 9 in <p><strong>Nomenclatural and taxonomic problems related to</strong> <strong>the electronic publication of new nomina and nomenclatural acts in zoology, with brief comments on optical discs and on the situation in botany</strong></p>
FIGURE 3. Page 9 of Malm & Johanson (2011) under two different versions: (a) PDF dated 12 January 2011, downloaded from the BMC website on 11 November 2012; (b) paper facsimile dated 12 January 2011, received by the Paris Museum library before 5 November 2012 (compared to the PDF, throughout the printed document blue was replaced by violet and red by orange).
FIGURE 6 in <p><strong>Nomenclatural and taxonomic problems related to</strong> <strong>the electronic publication of new nomina and nomenclatural acts in zoology, with brief comments on optical discs and on the situation in botany</strong></p>
FIGURE 6. First page of PDFs of Tan et al. (2012) under two different versions, both dated 9 July 2012, as downloaded from the BMC website on: (a) 6 November 2012 (prepublication); (b) 16 December 2012 (final publication). In (b), the small boxes surrounded with green are taken from pages 18 (dates) and 19 (DOI and reference).
FIGURE 7 in <p><strong>Nomenclatural and taxonomic problems related to</strong> <strong>the electronic publication of new nomina and nomenclatural acts in zoology, with brief comments on optical discs and on the situation in botany</strong></p>
FIGURE 7. Four figures of prepublication of Tan et al. (2012), as downloaded from the BMC website on 6 November 2012. Note than fig. 3 and 4 are identical but with different legends.
Fig. 7 in Taxonomic revision of Australian Amobia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 (Sarcophagidae: Miltogramminae): integrating morphology and genetics finds a new species and tackles old problems
Fig. 7. Amobia serpenta sp. nov., holotype, male terminalia, NT, Serpentine Gorge, West MacDonnell National Park, 13 Nov. 2017, Johnston, Wallman and Szpila leg. (ANIC). A. Epandrium, cerci, surstyli, and phallus, posterior view. B. Epandrium, cerci, surstyli, phallus and pre-gonites, lateral view. Abbreviations: c = cerci; d = distal lobe (broken); s = surstylus; p = pre-gonite. Scale bars: 100 µm.
Fig. 2 in Taxonomic revision of Australian Amobia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 (Sarcophagidae: Miltogramminae): integrating morphology and genetics finds a new species and tackles old problems
Fig. 2. Amobia auriceps (Baranov, 1935), ♂, QLD, Cairns, 1919, J.F. Illingworth leg. (BM). A. Habitus, lateral view. B. Head, lateral view. C. Habitus, dorsal view. D. Head, dorsal view. E. Abdomen, dorsal view. F. Left wing dorsal view. G. Head anterior view. Scale bars: 1 mm.
FIGURE 1 in A long-lasting taxonomic problem in European Sympycnus resolved, with the description of a new species and data on habitat preferences
FIGURE 1. Sympycnus pulicarius (Dolichopus) (lectotype), hind leg (photo: Y. Brodin, NRM).
FIGURE 3. Oligodon cinereus, ZSI 12356. A in On some taxonomic and nomenclatural problems in Indian species of the genus Oligodon Fitzinger, 1826 (Squamata: Colubridae)
FIGURE 3. Oligodon cinereus, ZSI 12356. A: General view. B: Head in dorsal view. C: Body venter.
Figures 2-6 from: Kamimura Y, Nishikawa M, Lee C-Y (2016) A new earwig of the genus Echinosoma from Penang Island, Peninsular Malaysia, with notes on the taxonomic and nomenclatural problems of the genus Cranopygia (Insecta, Dermaptera, Pygidicranidae) . ZooKeys 636: 51-65. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.636.10592
Figures 2-6 - Echinosoma roseiventre sp. n. Holotype (male) 2 Head and thorax 3 The basal part of left antenna 4 Penultimate sternite (pubescence omitted) 5 Ultimate tergite and forceps 6 Genitalia (before mounting in Euparal). Scale bars: 0.5 mm.
Figures 7-9 from: Kamimura Y, Nishikawa M, Lee C-Y (2016) A new earwig of the genus Echinosoma from Penang Island, Peninsular Malaysia, with notes on the taxonomic and nomenclatural problems of the genus Cranopygia (Insecta, Dermaptera, Pygidicranidae) . ZooKeys 636: 51-65. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.636.10592
Figures 7-9 - Echinosoma roseiventre sp. n. Holotype (male). 7 Right paramere 8 The tip of right virga 9 The base of right virga (indicated by the gray arrowhead) with the funnel-shaped sclerite (indicated by the solid arrowhead) and the long ellipse sclerite (indicated by the open arrowhead). Scale bars: 200 µm.
Figure 1 from: Kamimura Y, Nishikawa M, Lee C-Y (2016) A new earwig of the genus Echinosoma from Penang Island, Peninsular Malaysia, with notes on the taxonomic and nomenclatural problems of the genus Cranopygia (Insecta, Dermaptera, Pygidicranidae) . ZooKeys 636: 51-65. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.636.10592
Figure 1 - Holotype (male) of Echinosoma roseiventre sp. n. (a), a male (b–d) and a female (e–f) of Cranopygia pallidipennis from Penang Island, and a male of Cranopygia similis from Java (MM No. 3639) (g–i). (a, b, e, g) habitus; (c, d, h, i) male genitalia; (f) female genitalic region and ovipositor. The red and blue arrowheads indicate the expanded outer angle of the parameres (c) and the distal process of the virgae (c, d, i), respectively. Abbreviations: AP, anal plate; ce, cercus (=forceps); gl8, gonoplac (=coxal lobe) VIII; gl9, gonoplac (=coxal lobe) IX; gp8, gonapophysis VIII; gp9, gonapophysis IX; LC9, laterocoxa IX; LP, lateral plate; TG8–TG10, tergum VIII–X. Scale bars: 3 mm in a, b, e, and g; 1 mm in c, f and h; 200 µm in d and i.
Figures 36-45 from: Kamimura Y, Ferreira RL (2017) Earwigs from Brazilian caves, with notes on the taxonomic and nomenclatural problems of the Dermaptera (Insecta). ZooKeys 713: 25-52. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.713.15118
Figures 36-45 - 36–38 Paralabellula dorsalis (male): habitus (36), forceps (dorsolateral view) (37), and genitalia (38) 39–41 Paralabellula dorsalis (female): habitus (39), spermatheca and spiny area in the genitalia (40, 41). Repaired wound patches are indicated by the red arrowheads in Figs 40 and 41 42 Paralabellula dorsalis (male; a specimen from Colombia, det. A. Brindle; OMHH S. Sakai Collection, 31.iii.2002 [01-25]): abdomen and forceps (dorsolateral view) 43–44 Doru luteipes (female): habitus (43), and spermatheca (44) 45 Doru lineare (female; coll. Y. Kamimura, at Varzelândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil, outside of caves on 13.iii.2016): spermatheca. Scale bars 3 mm for Figs 36, 39, 42, 43; 0.5 mm for 37; 200 μm for Figs 38, 40, 41, 44, 45.
Figures 12-22 from: Kamimura Y, Ferreira RL (2017) Earwigs from Brazilian caves, with notes on the taxonomic and nomenclatural problems of the Dermaptera (Insecta). ZooKeys 713: 25-52. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.713.15118
Figures 12-22 - 12–17 Cylindrogaster sp. 1 (female): habitus (12), spiny ridges (indicated by the blue arrowheads) on the mesothorax (13), wing base of the left hindwing (14), and genital regions (15–17) 18–21 Cylindrogaster sp. 2 (female): habitus (18), spiny ridges (indicated by the blue arrowheads) on the mesothorax (19), fustis of the left hindwing (20), and genital regions (21) 22 Cylindrogaster sp. (nymph): detail of cercus. Scale bars 3 mm for Figs 12, 18; 0.5 mm for Figs 13–15, 19–22; 200 μm for Figs 16, 17.
Figures 23-35 from: Kamimura Y, Ferreira RL (2017) Earwigs from Brazilian caves, with notes on the taxonomic and nomenclatural problems of the Dermaptera (Insecta). ZooKeys 713: 25-52. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.713.15118
Figures 23-35 - 23–26 Euborellia janeirensis (male): habitus (23), penultimate sternite + manubrium (24), and genitalia (25, 26) 27–28 Euborellia janeirensis (female): habitus (27), and spermatheca (28) 29–32 Euborellia brasiliensis (male): habitus (29), penultimate sternite + manubrium (30), and genitalia (31, 32) 33 Anisolabididae gen. sp. 1 (female): habitus 34 Anisolabididae gen. sp. 2 (nymph): habitus 35 Anisolabididae gen. sp. 3 (nymph) habitus. Scale bars 3 mm for Figs 23–25, 27, 29, 30, 33–35; 0.5 mm for Figs 26, 28, 31; 100 μm for Fig. 32.
Figures 1-11 from: Kamimura Y, Ferreira RL (2017) Earwigs from Brazilian caves, with notes on the taxonomic and nomenclatural problems of the Dermaptera (Insecta). ZooKeys 713: 25-52. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.713.15118
Figures 1-11 - 1-7 Cylindrogaster cavernicola Kamimura, sp. n. (male, holotype): habitus (1), head and thorax (2), tegmina and wings (3), penultimate sternite (4), ultimate tergite and forceps (5), and genitalia (6, 7) 8, 10 Cylindrogaster thoracicus (MM 3637; collected from Itatiaia, Brazil; det. W. D. Hincks): head and thorax (8), and genitalia (10) 9, 11Cylindrogaster gracilis: head and thorax (9: MM 3677; collected from Itatiaia, Brazil; det. W. D. Hincks), and genitalia (11: MM 3565; collected from Minas Gerais, Brazil; det. W. D. Hincks). Scale bars 3 mm for Fig. 1; 0.5 mm for Figs 2-6, 8-11; 200 ?m for Fig. 7.
fig. 2 in Taxonomic problems with the type material of Heros autochthon Günther, 1862 (Teleostei: Cichlidae)
fig. 2 (left): Paralectotypes of Heros autochthon: BMNH 1961.7.7.2-4, lateral view.
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