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FIGURE 5. A in A second specimen of Manchurochelys manchoukuoensis Endo & Shikama, 1942 (Testudines: Eucryptodira) from the Early Cretaceous Yixian Formation of western Liaoning, China

FIGURE 5. A cladogram showing the phylogenetic position of Manchurochelys manchoukuoensis. Data matrix including 20 taxa and 43 characters is modified from Vandermark et al. (2009), which in turn is based upon the data matrix of Parham & Hutchison (2003). A 50% majority-rule consensus tree was derived from 20 most parsimonious trees with tree length of 89 (CI = 0.52, RI = 0.77, RC = 0.40). The scoring of Manchurochelys manchoukuoensis was as follows: 00?0?11110?0?1?11111 11????1101 0??111???? 000.

FIGURE 2 in A second specimen of Manchurochelys manchoukuoensis Endo & Shikama, 1942 (Testudines: Eucryptodira) from the Early Cretaceous Yixian Formation of western Liaoning, China

FIGURE 2. Line drawings of Manchurochelys manchoukuoensis Endo & Shikama, 1942 (LPM-R00008), from the Early Cretaceous Yixian Formation of western Liaoning, China. Abbreviations: as, astragalocalcaneum; c1-c8, costal plates 1–8; cave, caudal vertebrae; cs, cervical scute; cve, cervical vertebrae; h, humerus; lf, left fibula; lt, left tibia; m1- m12, marginal scutes 1–12; mtV, metatarsal V; nu, nuchal; p1-p11, peripheral plates 1–11; pla, plastron; pdI-pdV, pedal digits I–V; ps1-ps4, pleural scutes 1–4; py, pygal; rf, right fibula; rt, right tibia; sp1-sp2, suprapygals 1–2; u, ulna; vs1- vs5, vertebral scutes 1–5; 1-8, neural plates 1–8.

FIGURE 1 in A second specimen of Manchurochelys manchoukuoensis Endo & Shikama, 1942 (Testudines: Eucryptodira) from the Early Cretaceous Yixian Formation of western Liaoning, China

FIGURE 1. Manchurochelys manchoukuoensis Endo & Shikama, 1942 (LPM-R00008), from the Early Cretaceous Yixian Formation of western Liaoning, China.

FIGURE 3 in A second specimen of Manchurochelys manchoukuoensis Endo & Shikama, 1942 (Testudines: Eucryptodira) from the Early Cretaceous Yixian Formation of western Liaoning, China

FIGURE 3. Skull of Manchurochelys manchoukuoensis Endo & Shikama, 1942 (LPM-R00008) from the Early Cretaceous Yixian Formation of western Liaoning, China, in dorsal (A, B) and ventral (C, D) views. Abbreviations: bo, basiocciptial; bp, blind pits; bs, basisphenoid; ex, exoccipital; f, frontal; fb, foramen basisphenoidale; fcl, foramen caroticum laterale; fpcci, foramen posterior canalis caroticus internus; fst, foramen stapedio-temporale; hy, hyoid; m, maxilla;?n, possible nasal; op, opisthotic; pa, parietal; pal, palatine; pm, premaxilla; po, postorbital; pro, prootic; pt, pterygoid; q, quadrate;?qj, possible quadratojugal; so, supraoccipital; sq, squamosal;?, unknown bone.

FIGURE 3 in A new species of the genus Ocadia (Testudines: Geoemydidae) from the middle Miocene of Tanegashima Island, southwestern Japan and its paleogeographic implications

FIGURE 3. Ocadia tanegashimensis (MTE1) from Tanegashima Island. A–C, the carapace in dorsal (A), ventral (B) and anterior (C) views. D, left fifth to seventh costals in ventral view. E–F, the plastron in dorsal (E) and ventral (F) views. Arrows indicate locations of upper ends of the plastral buttresses. Scale bar: 5 cm.

FIGURE 2 in A new species of the genus Ocadia (Testudines: Geoemydidae) from the middle Miocene of Tanegashima Island, southwestern Japan and its paleogeographic implications

FIGURE 2. Picture showing occurrence of Ocadia tanegashimensis (MTE1) from the Kawachi Formation in Kawachi, Minamitane–cho, southern part of Tanegashima Island.

FIGURE 1 in A new species of the genus Ocadia (Testudines: Geoemydidae) from the middle Miocene of Tanegashima Island, southwestern Japan and its paleogeographic implications

FIGURE 1. Location of Tanegashima Island, southwestern Japan (A) and locality of the present turtle fossil (MTE1, B) with adjacent geological map. 1, Osaki Formation; 2, Kawachi Formation; 3, Tashiro Formation; 4, Kumage Group; 5, fault; 6, fossil locality. The geological map used was a modified version of the map presented by Inoue (1992).

FIGURE 5 in A new species of the genus Ocadia (Testudines: Geoemydidae) from the middle Miocene of Tanegashima Island, southwestern Japan and its paleogeographic implications

FIGURE 5. Occurrences of Ocadia fossils in late early (A) and early middle (B) Miocene of Japan. Paleogeographic maps of mainland Japan and adjacent regions in these ages follows Ogasawara (1994) with slight modification on the basis of Yamamoto et al. (2000). Filled circle: localities of the latest early to early middle Miocene specimens from Okayama and Fukushima Prefectures, open circle: locality of the late early Miocene specimens from Nagasaki Prefecture, filled square: locality of O. tanegashimensis, open square: putative occurrence of ancestral stock of O. tanegashimensis. Gray areas denote land.

FIGURE 4 in A new species of the genus Ocadia (Testudines: Geoemydidae) from the middle Miocene of Tanegashima Island, southwestern Japan and its paleogeographic implications

FIGURE 4. Illustration of Ocadia tanegashimensis (MTE1) from Tanegashima Island. A, the carapace in dorsal and B, the plastron in ventral views. Abbreviations: abd, abdominal; an, anal; ce, cervical; co, costal; ent, entoplastron; epi, epiplastron; fe, femoral; gu, gular; hu, humeral; hyo, hyoplastron; hyp, hypoplastron; LE, length of the epiplastron; LHS, length of the hyoplastral suture; m, marginal; ne, neural; nu, nuchal; pec, pectoral; pl, pleural; v, vertebral; xip, xiphiplastron. Symbol +: locations of upper ends of the plastral buttresses in ventral view. Scale bar: 5 cm.

FIGURE 9 in Morphological variation in the Brazilian Radiated Swamp Turtle Acanthochelys radiolata (Mikan, 1820) (Testudines: Chelidae)

FIGURE 9. Coloration pattern and morphology of a juvenile of A. radiolata (MNRJ 7280). (A, B, C) dorsal, ventral and lateral view of head and neck, respectively; (D) carapace; (E) plastron; (F, G) hindlimb and forelimb. Note the size of the yellow blotch in the medial surface of each limb (arrow). Scale bar: 5 mm.

FIGURE 4 in Morphological variation in the Brazilian Radiated Swamp Turtle Acanthochelys radiolata (Mikan, 1820) (Testudines: Chelidae)

FIGURE 4. Variation in carapace coloration of A. radiolata—reddish dark brown coloration pattern. (A) Reddish dark brown with large orange radiating stripes and thin brown stripes over each scute (50%; MNRJ 7282). (B) Reddish dark brown with brown blotches over each scute (17.64%; MNRJ 1056). (C) Reddish dark brown with thin brown stripes and yellow margin on each scute (11.76%; MNRJ 2466). (D) Completely reddish dark brown, with no stripes (11.76%; MNRJ 3810). Scale bar: 10 mm.

FIGURE 3 in Morphological variation in the Brazilian Radiated Swamp Turtle Acanthochelys radiolata (Mikan, 1820) (Testudines: Chelidae)

FIGURE 3. Variation in dorsal and ventral coloration of the head and neck. (A) Yellowish brown with light yellow lines (present in 80% of the specimens; MNRJ 7282). (B) Yellowish brown with uniform coloration (20%; MNRJ 1050). (C) Cream to yellow, with few small dark blotches (46.67%; MNRJ 7282). (D) Creamish brown, completely uniform coloration (13.64%; MNRJ 1055). Scale bar: 5 mm.

FIGURE 8 in Morphological variation in the Brazilian Radiated Swamp Turtle Acanthochelys radiolata (Mikan, 1820) (Testudines: Chelidae)

FIGURE 8. Variation in the coloration pattern of the limbs of A. radiolata (MNRJ 3810). (A) Forelimb, lateral surface brown and scales of the same color with a yellow line at posterior rim (18.75%); (B) Hindlimb, ventral surface completely yellow with scales of the same color (45.45%). Scale bar: 10 mm.

FIGURE 1 in Morphological variation in the Brazilian Radiated Swamp Turtle Acanthochelys radiolata (Mikan, 1820) (Testudines: Chelidae)

FIGURE 1. Geographic distribution of Acanthochelys radiolata based on the sampled specimens and literature analyzed. Specimens are assigned to populations according to freshwater ecoregions (Abell et al. 2008).

FIGURE 5 in Morphological variation in the Brazilian Radiated Swamp Turtle Acanthochelys radiolata (Mikan, 1820) (Testudines: Chelidae)

FIGURE 5. Variation in carapace coloration of A. radiolata—black coloration pattern. (A) Completely black (17.68%; MNRJ 20068). (B) Black with white or gray radiating stripes (14.67%; MNRJ 19822). Scale bar: 10 mm.

FIGURE 6 in Morphological variation in the Brazilian Radiated Swamp Turtle Acanthochelys radiolata (Mikan, 1820) (Testudines: Chelidae)

FIGURE 6. Variation in plastral coloration of A. radiolata—radiating color pattern. (A) Background coloration yellow with thin radiating brown streaks (MNRJ 7282). (B) Yellow background with a dark brown blotch along the sutures of the scutes, due to the high concentration of brown streaks (32.35%; MNRJ 7308); (2) Yellow background with few brown streaks (5.88%; MZUSP T-3035). Scale bar: 10 mm.

FIGURE 7 in Morphological variation in the Brazilian Radiated Swamp Turtle Acanthochelys radiolata (Mikan, 1820) (Testudines: Chelidae)

FIGURE 7. Variation in plastral coloration of A. radiolata—less frequent coloration patterns. (A) Black coloration with lateral yellow blotches (8.82%; MNRJ 19625). (B) Yellow background with a dark blotch along the suture of the scutes with no streaks (MNRJ 19822). Scale bar: 10 mm.

FIGURE 2 in Morphological variation in the Brazilian Radiated Swamp Turtle Acanthochelys radiolata (Mikan, 1820) (Testudines: Chelidae)

FIGURE 2. Projection of the scores of females of A. radiolata for PC1 and PC2. Symbols represent different ecoregions.

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Fig 5 in Description of a New Galapagos Giant Tortoise Species (Chelonoidis; Testudines: Testudinidae) from Cerro Fatal on Santa Cruz Island

Fig 5. Frequency distribution of genetic distances between different Galapagos giant tortoise species (A: microsatellite DNA, B: mitochondrial DNA). For each histogram, a dark gray column indicates where the observed genetic distance between the Cerro Fatal and Reserva tortoises falls. Left: Microsatellite genetic distances calculated from purebred individuals in the reference measured using FST (top) or RST (below). Right: DNA sequence genetic distances based on mtDNA haplotypes from purebred individuals in the reference database, measured using uncorrected p-distances (top), or maximum likelihood (ML)-corrected distances (below).