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9,097 results for “wild”
AI results complementing the Annual Report on surveillance for Avian Influenza in poultry and wild birds in Member States of the European Union - Estonia
<p>This dataset contains the results of the EU co-funded surveillance activities conducted in 2019, which consisted of:</p> <ul> <li>Serological surveys to monitor the circulation of AIV subtypes H5 and H7 in poultry (active surveillance). These surveys should preferentially target poultry species or production systems with increased risk for introduction of avian influenza (AI).</li> <li>Passive surveillance aiming at the virological detection of AI in wild birds found dead or moribund.</li> </ul>
AI results complementing the Annual Report on surveillance for Avian Influenza in poultry and wild birds in Member States of the European Union - Finland
<p>This dataset contains the results of the EU co-funded surveillance activities conducted in 2019, which consisted of:</p> <ul> <li>Serological surveys to monitor the circulation of AIV subtypes H5 and H7 in poultry (active surveillance). These surveys should preferentially target poultry species or production systems with increased risk for introduction of avian influenza (AI).</li> <li>Passive surveillance aiming at the virological detection of AI in wild birds found dead or moribund.</li> </ul>
AI results complementing the Annual Report on surveillance for Avian Influenza in poultry and wild birds in Member States of the European Union - Latvia
<p>This dataset contains the results of the EU co-funded surveillance activities conducted in 2019, which consisted of:</p> <ul> <li>Serological surveys to monitor the circulation of AIV subtypes H5 and H7 in poultry (active surveillance). These surveys should preferentially target poultry species or production systems with increased risk for introduction of avian influenza (AI).</li> <li>Passive surveillance aiming at the virological detection of AI in wild birds found dead or moribund.</li> </ul>
AI results complementing the Annual Report on surveillance for Avian Influenza in poultry and wild birds in Member States of the European Union - Poland
<p>This dataset contains the results of the EU co-funded surveillance activities conducted in 2019, which consisted of:</p> <ul> <li>Serological surveys to monitor the circulation of AIV subtypes H5 and H7 in poultry (active surveillance). These surveys should preferentially target poultry species or production systems with increased risk for introduction of avian influenza (AI).</li> <li>Passive surveillance aiming at the virological detection of AI in wild birds found dead or moribund.</li> </ul>
AI results complementing the Annual Report on surveillance for Avian Influenza in poultry and wild birds in Member States of the European Union - Bulgaria
<p>This dataset contains the results of the EU co-funded surveillance activities conducted in 2019, which consisted of:</p> <ul> <li>Serological surveys to monitor the circulation of AIV subtypes H5 and H7 in poultry (active surveillance). These surveys should preferentially target poultry species or production systems with increased risk for introduction of avian influenza (AI).</li> <li>Passive surveillance aiming at the virological detection of AI in wild birds found dead or moribund.</li> </ul>
AI results complementing the Annual Report on surveillance for Avian Influenza in poultry and wild birds in Member States of the European Union - Cyprus
<p>This dataset contains the results of the EU co-funded surveillance activities conducted in 2019, which consisted of:</p> <ul> <li>Serological surveys to monitor the circulation of AIV subtypes H5 and H7 in poultry (active surveillance). These surveys should preferentially target poultry species or production systems with increased risk for introduction of avian influenza (AI).</li> <li>Passive surveillance aiming at the virological detection of AI in wild birds found dead or moribund.</li> </ul>
Annual Report on surveillance for Avian Influenza in poultry and wild birds in Member States of the European Union in 2019 - high quality maps
<p>Here you can find the high quality maps published in 'Annual Report on surveillance for Avian Influenza in poultry and wild birds in Member States of the European Union in 2019' by EFSA.</p>
Data from: Telomere heritability and parental age at conception effects in a wild avian population
<p>Individual variation in telomere length is predictive of health and mortality risk across a range of species. However, the relative influence of environmental and genetic variation on individual telomere length in wild populations remains poorly understood. Heritability of telomere length has primarily been calculated using parent–offspring regression which can be confounded by shared environments. To control for confounding variables, quantitative genetic 'animal models' can be used, but few studies have applied animal models in wild populations. Furthermore, parental age at conception may also influence offspring telomere length, but most studies have been cross-sectional. We investigated within- and between- parental age at conception effects and heritability of telomere length in the Seychelles warbler using measures from birds caught over 20 years and a multi-generational pedigree. We found a weak negative within-paternal age at conception effect (as fathers aged, their offspring had shorter telomeres) and a weak positive between-maternal age at conception effect (females that survived to older ages had offspring with longer telomeres). Animal models provided evidence that heritability and evolvability of telomere length was low in this population, and that variation in telomere length was not driven by early-life effects of hatch period or parental identities. qPCR plate had a large influence on telomere length variation and not accounting for it in the models would have underestimated heritability. Our study illustrates the need to include and account for technical variation in order to accurately estimate heritability, as well as other environmental effects, on telomere length in natural populations. </p>
Code and data for: Is habitat selection in the wild shaped by individual-level cognitive biases in orientation strategy?
<p>This repository is a companion to the manuscript "<em>Is habitat selection in the wild shaped by individual-level cognitive biases in orientation strategy?</em>" and is linked to <a href="https://github.com/CBeardsworth/Pheasant_OrientStrat_Habitat">Github</a>.</p> <p>For any questions about the code please contact Christine at <a href="mailto:c.e.beardsworth@gmail.com">c.e.beardsworth@gmail.com</a></p> <p>To use any data contained in this repository contact Joah at <a href="mailto:j.r.madden@exeter.ac.uk">j.r.madden@exeter.ac.uk</a> for permission.</p> <p>In this repository, we have included a run-through of the R analysis <a href="https://cbeardsworth.github.io/Pheasant_OrientStrat_Habitat/">here</a> to show the outputs of the analysis without the need to run the code. For those that might want to run the code themselves, we have included three R scripts (<a href="https://github.com/CBeardsworth/NavigationHabitat/blob/master/R">/R</a>) and their accompanying datasets (<a href="https://github.com/CBeardsworth/NavigationHabitat/blob/master/Data">/Data</a>). A description of the code and the data needed to run them is below:</p> <p><em>Cognition analysis and figs.R</em> = Run the cognition analysis for the first section of the manuscript and create the figures. For this, the datasets mazeData.csv (the learning trials) and mazeRotationResults.csv (the probe trial) are required. </p> <p><em>iSSA analysis and bootstrapping.R</em> = Run iSSA models and bootstrapping. This produces the datasets required for the next stage of analysis. For this code, the datasets habitat.grd (habitat information), atlas2018-strategy.csv (atlas data + id and strategy data for each bird) and FeederCoords2017_27700.csv (coordinates of feeder locations from 2017-2018) are required. The produced datasets are included in <a href="https://github.com/CBeardsworth/NavigationHabitat/blob/master/Data">/Data</a> therefore to run subsequent analyses, this code does not need to be run. To develop this code we relied heavily on the code included in the supplementary material of <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4823">Signer et al. (2019)</a> as well as an <a href="https://bsmity13.github.io/log_rss">online tutorial</a> from Brian J. Smith for calculating log-RSS.</p> <p><em>Habitat analysis and Figs.R</em> = Run the statistical models for the final section of the manuscript and create the figures. For this code, the datasets produced in the previous R script are required (habitatOrientation_coefs.csv and habitatOrientation_avail.csv). We have included <a href="https://github.com/CBeardsworth/NavigationHabitat/blob/master/Data">these datasets</a> so users do not need to run the iSSA analysis and bootstrapping.R script themselves. </p>
Cofactor specificity of the tetrameric 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase from Gluconobacter oxydans: Studies of wild-type and mutants forms.
<p>Here we present the results regarding the characterization of the kinetics parameters for NAD and NADP of the 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase from Gluconobacter oxydans at different concentrations of 6PG.</p> <p>The raw data of kinetic parameters for NAD or NADP at different 6PG concentrations are represented in kcat and KM, with the units s-1 and µM, respectively. Al the rest values as an efficient constant are represented in s-1µM-1. </p> <p>Also, we included the kinetic characterizations of the mutants Go6PGDH-R31L, Go6PGDH-R31V, and Go6PGDH-D30N. The CSV files contain four columns. 1. NAD or NADP concentration in µM; 2. enzyme activity in U/mg; 3. Standard deviation and 4. The number of independent experiments. </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Evidence for individual discrimination and numerical assessment in collective antipredator behaviour in wild jackdaws (Corvus monedula)
Collective responses to threats occur throughout the animal kingdom but little is known about the cognitive processes underpinning them. Antipredator mobbing is one such response. Approaching a predator may be highly risky, but the individual risk declines and the likelihood of repelling the predator increases in larger mobbing groups. The ability to appraise the number of conspecifics involved in a mobbing event could therefore facilitate strategic decisions about whether to join. Mobs are commonly initiated by recruitment calls, which may provide valuable information to guide decision-making. We tested whether the number of wild jackdaws responding to recruitment calls was influenced by the number of callers. As predicted, playbacks simulating three or five callers tended to recruit more individuals than playbacks of one caller. Recruitment also substantially increased if recruits themselves produced calls. These results suggest that jackdaws use individual vocal discrimination to assess the number of conspecifics involved in initiating mobbing events, and use this information to guide their responses. Our results show support for the use of numerical assessment in antipredator mobbing responses and highlight the need for a greater understanding of the cognitive processes involved in collective behaviour.
Data from: Hierarchical social networks shape gut microbial composition in wild Verreaux's sifaka
<p>In wild primates, social behaviour influences exposure to environmentally acquired and directly transmitted microorganisms. Prior studies indicate that gut microbiota reflect pairwise social interactions among chimpanzee and baboon hosts. Here, we demonstrate that higher-order social network structure—beyond just pairwise interactions—drives gut bacterial composition in wild lemurs, which live in smaller and more cohesive groups than previously studied anthropoid species. Using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and social network analysis of grooming contacts, we estimate the relative impacts of hierarchical (i.e. multilevel) social structure, individual demographic traits, diet, scent-marking, and habitat overlap on bacteria acquisition in a wild population of Verreaux's sifaka (<em>Propithecus</em> <em>verreauxi</em>) consisting of seven social groups. We show that social group membership is clearly reflected in the microbiomes of individual sifaka, and that social groups with denser grooming networks have more homogeneous gut microbial compositions. Within social groups, adults, more gregarious individuals, and individuals that scent-mark frequently harbour the greatest microbial diversity. Thus, the community structure of wild lemurs governs symbiotic relationships by constraining transmission between hosts and partitioning environmental exposure to microorganisms. This social cultivation of mutualistic gut flora may be an evolutionary benefit of tight-knit group living.</p>
Data from: Natural selection on antihelminth antibodies in a wild mammal population
<p>An effective immune response is expected to confer fitness benefits through improved resistance to parasites but also energetic costs which negatively impact fitness-related traits such as reproduction. These fitness costs and benefits of an immune response are likely to depend on host age, sex, and levels of parasite exposure. Few studies have examined the full extent to which patterns of natural selection on immune phenotypes vary across demographic groups and environments in the wild. Here, we assessed natural selection on plasma levels of three functionally distinct isotypes (IgA, IgE and IgG) of antibodies against a prevalent nematode parasite measured in a wild Soay sheep population over 25 years. We found little support for environment-dependent selection or reproductive costs. However, antibody levels were negatively associated with parasite egg counts and positively associated with subsequent survival, albeit in a highly age- and isotype-dependent manner. Raised levels of anti-parasite IgA best predicted reduced egg counts but this did not predict survival in lambs, whilst in adult females increased anti-parasite IgG predicted reduced egg counts and improved survival. Our results highlight the potential importance of age-dependent selection on immune phenotypes in nature, and that patterns of selection can vary even amongst functionally-related immune markers.</p>
Time spent in distinct life-history stages has sex-specific effects on reproductive fitness in wild Atlantic salmon
<p><span>In species with complex life cycles, life history theory predicts that fitness is affected by conditions encountered in previous life history stages. Here, we use a four-year pedigree to investigate if time spent in two distinct life history stages has sex-specific reproductive fitness consequences in anadromous Atlantic salmon (<i>Salmo salar</i>). We determined the amount of years spent in fresh water as juveniles (freshwater age, FW, measured in years), and years spent in the marine environment as adults (sea age, SW, measured in sea winters) on 264 sexually mature adults collected on a river spawning ground. We then estimated reproductive fitness as the number of offspring (reproductive success) and the number of mates (mating success) using genetic parentage analysis (>5000 offspring). Sea age is significantly and positively correlated with reproductive and mating success of both sexes whereby older and larger individuals gained the highest reproductive fitness benefits (females: 62.2% increase in offspring/SW and 34.8% increase in mate number/SW; males: 201.9% offspring/SW and 60.3% mates/SW). Younger freshwater age was significantly related to older sea age and thus increased reproductive fitness, but only among females (females: -33.9% offspring/FW and -32.4% mates/FW). This result implies that females can obtain higher reproductive fitness by transitioning to the marine environment earlier. In contrast, male mating and reproductive success was unaffected by freshwater age and more males returned at a younger age than females despite the reproductive fitness advantage of later sea age maturation. Our results show that the timing of transitions between juvenile and adult phases has a sex-specific consequence on female reproductive fitness, demonstrating a life-history trade-off between maturation and reproduction in wild Atlantic salmon.</span></p>
FIGURE 1. Notozothecium janauachensis n in Notozothecium janauachensis n. sp. (Monogenoidea: Dactylogyridae) from wild and cultured tambaqui, Colossoma macropomum (Teleostei: Characidae: Serrasalminae) in Brazil
FIGURE 1. Notozothecium janauachensis n. sp. 1. Composite illustration of adult, ventral view of specimen from the natural habitat. Scale bar 50 m.
Competitive growth experiments with a high-lipid Chlamydomonas reinhardtii mutant strain and its wild-type to predict industrial and ecological risks
<p>Key microalgal species are currently being exploited as biomanufacturing platforms using mass cultivation systems. The opportunities to enhance productivity levels or produce non-native compounds are increasing as genetic manipulation and metabolic engineering tools are rapidly advancing. Regardless of the end product, there are both environmental and industrial risks associated to open pond cultivation of mutant microalgal strains. A mutant escape could be detrimental to local biodiversity and increase the risk of algal blooms. Similarly, if the cultivation pond is invaded by a wild-type microalgae or the mutant reverts to wild-type phenotypes, productivity could be impacted. To investigate these potential risks, a response surface methodology was applied to determine the competitive outcome of two <em>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</em> strains, a wild-type (CC-124) and a high-lipid accumulating mutant (CC-4333), grown in mixotrophic conditions, with differing levels of nitrogen and initial wild-type to mutant ratios. Results of the growth experiments show that mutant cells have double the exponential growth rate of the wild-type in monoculture. However, due to a slower transition from lag phase to exponential phase, mutant cells are outcompeted by the wild-type in every co-culture treatment. This suggests that, under the conditions tested, outdoor cultivation of the <em>C. reinhardtii</em> cell wall-deficient mutant strains does not carry a significant environmental risk to its wild-type in an escape scenario. Furthermore, lipid results show the mutant strain accumulates over 200% more TAGs per cell, at 50 mg/L NH<sub>4</sub>Cl, compared to the wild-type, therefore, the fragility of the mutant strain could impact on overall industrial productivity.</p>
Molecular dynamic trajectory of magnesium binding wild type for the article "Ca 2+ binding to F-ATP synthase β subunit triggers the mitochondrial permeability transition"
<p>ATP synthase molecular dynamics simulations files for wild type of the beta subunit binding magnesium:</p> <p>50ns trajectory (ATPsynth_woh2o_Mg_wt.dcd) and corresponding psf file (ATPsynth_mg_wt.psf)</p>
Molecular dynamic trajectory of calcium binding wild type for the article "Ca 2+ binding to F-ATP synthase β subunit triggers the mitochondrial permeability transition"
<p>ATP synthase molecular dynamics simulations files for wild type of the beta subunit binding calcium:</p> <p>50ns trajectory (ATPsynth_woh2o_Ca_wt.dcd) and corresponding psf file (ATPsynth_ca_wt.psf)</p> <p> </p>
Data for: Multi-generational fitness effects of natural immigration indicate strong heterosis and epistatic breakdown in a wild bird population
<p><span>The fitness of immigrants and their descendants produced within recipient populations fundamentally underpins the genetic </span><span>and population dynamic</span><span> consequences of immigration. </span><span>I</span><span>mmigrants can </span><span>in principle </span><span>induce contrasting genetic effects on fitness across generations, reflecting multi-faceted additive, dominance, and epistatic effects. Y</span><span>et, full multi-generational and sex-specific fitness effects of regular immigration have not been quantified within naturally structured systems, precluding inference on underlying genetic architectures </span><span>and population outcomes</span><span>. We used four decades of song sparrow </span><span>(<em>Melospiza melodia</em>)</span> <span>life-history and pedigree data to quantify fitness of natural immigrants, natives, and their F1, F2, and backcross descendants, and test for evidence of non-additive genetic effects. Values of key fitness components (including adult lifetime reproductive success and zygote survival) of F1 offspring of immigrant-native matings substantially exceeded their parent mean, indicating strong heterosis. Meanwhile, F2 offspring of F1-F1 matings had notably low values, indicating surprisingly strong epistatic breakdown. Further, magnitudes of effects varied among fitness components, and</span> <span>differed between female</span><span>s</span><span> and male</span><span>s</span><span> descendants. These results demonstrate that strong non-additive genetic effects on fitness can arise within </span><span>weakly </span><span>structured </span><span>and fragmented </span><span>populations </span><span>experiencing </span><span>frequent </span><span>natural </span><span>immigration. </span><span>Such effects will substantially affect the net </span><span>degree of effective gene flow and resulting local genetic introgression and adaptation.</span></p>
Fig. 4 in Favourite plants of wild bees
Fig. 4. Favourite plants as pollen hosts. Scaled pollen scores for each of the identified 34 "high visitor richness" plant species (according to Fig. 3). The scaled pollen score for one plant species is the percentage of other plant species that are visited by a lower number of bee species, e.g. a scaled pollen score of 100 shows that all other plant species in the database were visited by a lower number of bee species. The maximum number of bee species visiting one plant species is 71 and the total number of plant species described in Westrich (2018) is 494. The average scaled pollen score of 50 is indicated by the dashed red line.
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.