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Plate 75 from: Bahls L, Boynton B, Johnston B (2018) Atlas of diatoms (Bacillariophyta) from diverse habitats in remote regions of western Canada. PhytoKeys 105: 1-186. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.105.23806

Plate 75 Coppermine. 1 Nitzschia frustulum [N. alpina PH] (6832) 2 Nitzschia sp. [cf. N. lanceolata] (6830) 3 Nitzschia amphibia (6832) 4 Nitzschia perminuta (6831) 5 Nitzschia radicula (6832) 6 Nitzschia sinuata (6828) 7 Nitzschia fossilis [cf. N. fossilis PH] (6831) 8 Hantzschia hyperborea (6828) 9 Hantzschia elongata (6828) (note different scale) 10 Hantzschia vivacior (6828) 11 Nitzschia regula var. robusta (6831) 12–14 Nitzschia angustata (6831, 6833). Scale bars: 10 µm.

Figure 4 from: Kopp J, Avasthi S, Espinasa L (2018) Phylogeographical convergence between Astyanax cavefish and mysid shrimps in the Sierra de El Abra, Mexico. Subterranean Biology 26: 75-84. https://doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.26.27097

Figure 4 Pylogeographical convergence between mysid shrimps in the Sierra de El Abra and the mtDNA of Astyanax cavefish (right). Both aquatic species harbor the evolutionary signature of a phylogeographical discordance, where genetic markers of populations in central Sierra de El Abra are extremely distinct from the rest of the populations. Nuclear tree (left) based on the consensus of isoenzymes, RAPDs, microsatellite, and genomic sequences. a) Pachón as representative of northern populations. b-c) Sabinos and Tinaja as representative of central populations. d) Chica and Chiquitita as representative of southern populations.

Figure 3 from: Kopp J, Avasthi S, Espinasa L (2018) Phylogeographical convergence between Astyanax cavefish and mysid shrimps in the Sierra de El Abra, Mexico. Subterranean Biology 26: 75-84. https://doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.26.27097

Figure 3 A, Base pair differences of histone 3 sequences between mysid shrimps. Specimens from central Sierra de El Abra (Lineage B) are markedly different from all other populations (Lineage A).

Figure 2 from: Kopp J, Avasthi S, Espinasa L (2018) Phylogeographical convergence between Astyanax cavefish and mysid shrimps in the Sierra de El Abra, Mexico. Subterranean Biology 26: 75-84. https://doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.26.27097

Figure 2 Cave localities of A.mexicanus whose mitochondrial DNA has been analyzed. With larger font and underlined are localities where S.quinterensis were also collected. In red are caves harboring lineage A and in blue those with lineage B for both mtDNA in Astyanax and histone 3 for S.quinterensis. Notice that lineage B is restricted to a small biogeographical zone, circled in blue. A Molino B Caballo Moro C Pachón D Yerbaniz E Japones F Sabinos G Tinaja H Piedras I Curva J Chica K Chiquitita L Rio Subterraneo. (Figure modified from Mitchell et al. 1977).

Figure 1 from: Kopp J, Avasthi S, Espinasa L (2018) Phylogeographical convergence between Astyanax cavefish and mysid shrimps in the Sierra de El Abra, Mexico. Subterranean Biology 26: 75-84. https://doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.26.27097

Figure 1 AAstyanaxmexicanus from Chiquitita cave B The mysid shrimp, Spelaeomysisquinterensis, also from Chiquitita cave. Both stygobitic organisms have overlapping biogeographic ranges throughout the El Abra karstic area, in northeaster Mexico.

Figure 5 from: Chen C-C, Wu S-H, Chen C-Y (2018) Hydnophanerochaete and Odontoefibula, two new genera of phanerochaetoid fungi (Polyporales, Basidiomycota) from East Asia. MycoKeys 39: 75-96. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.39.28010

Figure 5 Odontoefibulaorientalis (holotype, Wu 0910-57) a Profile of basidiocarp section b Part of the vertical section of trama c Basal hyphae d Subicular hyphae e Basidia f Basidiospores. Scale bars: 200 μm (a); 10 μm (c–d); 5 μm (e–f).

Figure 1 from: Chen C-C, Wu S-H, Chen C-Y (2018) Hydnophanerochaete and Odontoefibula, two new genera of phanerochaetoid fungi (Polyporales, Basidiomycota) from East Asia. MycoKeys 39: 75-96. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.39.28010

Figure 1 Phylogenetic tree inferred from Maximum Likelihood analysis of the combined ITS, nuc 28S, rpb1, rpb2 and tef1 sequences of taxa in Polyporales. Nodes are labelled with Maximum Likelihood bootstrap proportional values (BS) ≥ 70% and Bayesian Posterior Probabilities (PP) ≥ 0.9. Thickened branches obtained supports by both BS ≥ 80% and PP ≥ 0.95. The taxa studied in this study are shown in bold. The pale blue boxes indicate lineages of phanerochaetoid within the phlebioid clade. Asterisks (*) represent for strains of generic type species. Scale bars = substitutions per site.

Figure 4 from: Chen C-C, Wu S-H, Chen C-Y (2018) Hydnophanerochaete and Odontoefibula, two new genera of phanerochaetoid fungi (Polyporales, Basidiomycota) from East Asia. MycoKeys 39: 75-96. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.39.28010

Figure 4 Hydnophanerochaeteodontoidea (holotype of Phanerochaetesubodontoidea, CWN 00776) a Part of the vertical section of subiculum near substratum b Quasi-binding hyphae. Scale bar: 5 μm (a–b).

Figure 3 from: Chen C-C, Wu S-H, Chen C-Y (2018) Hydnophanerochaete and Odontoefibula, two new genera of phanerochaetoid fungi (Polyporales, Basidiomycota) from East Asia. MycoKeys 39: 75-96. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.39.28010

Figure 3 Basidiocarp surfaces aHydnophanerochaeteodontoidea (holotype of Phanerochaetesubodontoidea, CWN 00776) bOdontoefibulaorientalis (holotype, Wu 0910-57). Scale bar: 1 mm.

Figure 2 from: Chen C-C, Wu S-H, Chen C-Y (2018) Hydnophanerochaete and Odontoefibula, two new genera of phanerochaetoid fungi (Polyporales, Basidiomycota) from East Asia. MycoKeys 39: 75-96. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.39.28010

Figure 2 The majority-rule consensus phylograms of the Bayesian Inference analysis of the ITS sequences of Hydnophanerochaeteodontoidea. Nodes are labelled with Bayesian Posterior Probabilities ≥ 0.9. Scale bars = substitutions per site.

Figure 8 from: Conway KW, Stewart AL, Summers AP (2018) A new genus and species of clingfish from the Rangitāhua Kermadec Islands of New Zealand (Teleostei, Gobiesocidae). ZooKeys 786: 75-104. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.786.28539

Figure 8 Hyoid bar (A–B) and gill arches (C–D) of Flexorincus, AIM MA655142, paratype, 20.0 mm SL. A Hyoid bar, right side in lateral view (image reversed) B Close up of box in A showing articulating between heads of branchiostegal rays and hyoid bar C Lower gill arches in dorsal view, paired elements of right side omitted D Upper gill arches of left side in ventral view. A single scale bar shared between C and D. Abbreviations: ACh, anterior ceratohyal; Bb3-4C, basibranchial 3 or 4 cartilages; Bh, basihyal; BrR, branchiostegal rays; Cb1-5, ceratobranchial 1-5; DHh, dorsal hypohyal; EB1-4, epibranchials 1-4; GF, gill filament; GR, gill raker; Hb1, hypobranchial 1; Hb2-3C, hypobranchial 2 or 3 cartilage; Pb3TP, pharyngobranchial 3 toothplate; Uh, urohyal.

Figure 7 from: Conway KW, Stewart AL, Summers AP (2018) A new genus and species of clingfish from the Rangitāhua Kermadec Islands of New Zealand (Teleostei, Gobiesocidae). ZooKeys 786: 75-104. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.786.28539

Figure 7 Flexorincus, AIM MA655142, paratype, 20.0 mm SL. A Hyopalatine arch and opercular series, right side in lateral view (image reversed) B Scanning electron micrograph of premaxilla, right side in oblique lateral view (image reversed). Asterisk (*) highlights location of replacement tooth crypt C Close up of posteriormost incisiviform teeth of premaxilla shown in A D Scanning electron micrograph of conical teeth located close to middle of dentary, right side in medial view (image reversed). Abbreviations: Ana, anguloarticular; Apa, autopalatine; CoT, conical tooth; Dn, dentary; Ect, ectopterygoid; Hy, hyomandibular; InT, incisiviform tooth; Iop, interopercle; Mx, maxilla; Op, opercle; Pop, preopercle; Q, quadrate; Ra, retroarticular; RInT, replacement incisiviform tooth; Sop, subopercle; Sym, symplectic.

Figure 6 from: Conway KW, Stewart AL, Summers AP (2018) A new genus and species of clingfish from the Rangitāhua Kermadec Islands of New Zealand (Teleostei, Gobiesocidae). ZooKeys 786: 75-104. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.786.28539

Figure 6 Neurocranium of Flexorincus, AIM MA655142, paratype, 20.0 mm SL. A Dorsal view B Lateral view (left side) C Ventral view. Abbreviations: Boc, basioccipital; Ec, epicentral; EpC, epiphyseal commissure of supraorbital canal; Epoc, epiotic; Exoc, exoccipital; Fr, frontal; La, lachrymal; LE, lateral ethmoid; M, mesethmoid; Na, nasal; NS1, neural spine of vertebral centrum 1; Pa, parietal; Pro, prootic; Psph, parasphenoid; Pte, pterotic; SC, supraorbital canal; Soc, supraoccipital; Sph, sphenotic; V1, vertebral centrum 1; Vo, vomer.

Figure 5 from: Conway KW, Stewart AL, Summers AP (2018) A new genus and species of clingfish from the Rangitāhua Kermadec Islands of New Zealand (Teleostei, Gobiesocidae). ZooKeys 786: 75-104. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.786.28539

Figure 5 CT scanned anterior skeleton of Flexorincus, AIM MA655316, paratype, 23.0 mm SL. A Dorsal view B Lateral view (left side) C Ventral view. Abbreviations: ACh, anterior ceratohyal; Ana, anguloarticular; Apa, autopalatine; Boc, basioccipital; Bp, basipterygium; Br, branchiostegal rays; Cb5, ceratobranchial 5; Cl, cleithrum; DHh, dorsal hypohyal; DPcl, dorsal postcleithrum; Ec, epicentral; Ect, ectopterygoid; Epoc, epiotic; Exoc, exoccipital; Fr, frontal; Hy, hyomandibular; I, pelvic-fin spine; Iop, interopercle; La, lachrymal; LE, lateral ethmoid; M, mesethmoid; Na, nasal; NS1, 5, neural spine of vertebral centrum 1, 5; Op, opercle; Pa, parietal; PecR, pectoral radial; PecFR, pectoral-fin ray; PelFR1-4, pelvic-fin ray 1–4; Pop, preopercle; Pro, prootic; Psph, parasphenoid; Pt, posttemporal; Pte, pterotic; Q, quadrate; Ra, retroarticular; Ri, rib; Sc, scapula; Scl, supracleithrum; Soc, supraoccipital; Sop, subopercle; Sph, sphenotic; Ur, urohyal; V1, vertebral centrum 1; Vo, vomer; VPcl, ventral postcleithrum.

Figure 3 from: Conway KW, Stewart AL, Summers AP (2018) A new genus and species of clingfish from the Rangitāhua Kermadec Islands of New Zealand (Teleostei, Gobiesocidae). ZooKeys 786: 75-104. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.786.28539

Figure 3 Head of Flexorincus (NMNZ P.025315, paratype, 19.4 mm SL) in dorsal (A), lateral (B), and ventral (C) view highlighting position of cephalic lateral line canal pores (grey circles) and superficial neuromasts (white circles) on the left side of the head. Close-up view of nostrils shown in inset image between B and C Superficial neuromasts highlighted by white dotted line in inset image. Single scale bar shared between A–C. Skin on ventral surface of head damaged on right side of specimen. Superficial neuromasts on surface of body not highlighted. Asterisks (*, **, ***, ****) label individual superficial neuromasts that are visible in different views. Abbreviations: AN, anterior nostril; LC1-2, lachrymal canal pores 1–2; NC1–2, nasal canal pores 1–2; PN, posterior nostril; PO1–2, postorbital canal pores 1–2; PR1–3, preopercular canal pores 1–3.

Figure 9 from: Conway KW, Stewart AL, Summers AP (2018) A new genus and species of clingfish from the Rangitāhua Kermadec Islands of New Zealand (Teleostei, Gobiesocidae). ZooKeys 786: 75-104. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.786.28539

Figure 9 Surface features of the adhesive disc (ANMNZ P.025315, paratype, 19.4 mm SL) and internal supporting skeleton of the paired-fin girdles (B–EAIM MA655142, paratype, 20.0 mm SL) of Flexorincus. A Adhesive disc in ventral view (anterior to top of page); a single row of papillae highlighted in grey in each region (A–C) of the adhesive disc B Adhesive disc supporting skeleton, including elements of the pelvic and pectoral-fin girdle in dorsal view (anterior to top of page); postcleithra and pelvic-fin rays of the right side removed C Pelvic-fin rays of right side in dorsal view (anterior to top of page) D Pectoral-fin girdle of right side in medial view (anterior to left) E Close-up of elements of the pectoral-fin endoskeleton articulating with pectoral-fin rays of the right side in medial view (anterior to left). Abbreviations: A, disc region A; B, disc region B; Bp, basipterygium; C, disc region C; DPcL, dorsal postcleithrum; I, pelvic-fin spine; PecR1–4, pectoral radial 1–4; PecFR, pectoral-fin ray; PelR1–4, pelvic-fin rays 1–4 VPcL, ventral postcleithrum.

Figure 4 from: Conway KW, Stewart AL, Summers AP (2018) A new genus and species of clingfish from the Rangitāhua Kermadec Islands of New Zealand (Teleostei, Gobiesocidae). ZooKeys 786: 75-104. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.786.28539

Figure 4 CT scanned skeleton of Flexorincus, AIM MA655316, paratype, 23.0 mm SL. A Dorsal view. B Lateral view (left side) C Ventral view.

Figure 2 from: Conway KW, Stewart AL, Summers AP (2018) A new genus and species of clingfish from the Rangitāhua Kermadec Islands of New Zealand (Teleostei, Gobiesocidae). ZooKeys 786: 75-104. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.786.28539

Figure 2 Flexorincus, Te konui Point, Raoul Island, Kermadec Islands, 28 meters depth, photographed by R. Robinson (www.depth.co.nz) during the 2011 Kermadec Islands Biodiscovery Expedition, a project led by the Auckland Museum. Specimen not retained.

Figure 17 from: Conway KW, Stewart AL, Summers AP (2018) A new genus and species of clingfish from the Rangitāhua Kermadec Islands of New Zealand (Teleostei, Gobiesocidae). ZooKeys 786: 75-104. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.786.28539

Figure 17 CT scanned anterior skeleton of Lepadichthysbolini, ROM 55185, 21.5 mm SL. A Dorsal view B Lateral view (left side) C Ventral view. Abbreviations: ACh, anterior ceratohyal; Ana, anguloarticular; Apa, autopalatine; Bp, basipterygium; Br, branchiostegal rays; Cb5, ceratobranchial 5; Cl, cleithrum; Cor, coracoid; DHh, dorsal hypohyal; DPcl, dorsal postcleithrum; Ec, epicentral; Ect, ectopterygoid; Epoc, epiotic; Exoc, exoccipital; Fr, frontal; Hy, hyomandibular; I, pelvic-fin spine; Iop, interopercle; La, lachrymal; LE, lateral ethmoid; M, mesethmoid; Na, nasal; NS1, 5, neural spine of vertebral centrum 1, 5; Op, opercle; Pa, parietal; PecR, pectoral radial; PecFR, pectoral-fin ray; PelFR1-4, pelvic-fin ray 1–4; Pop, preopercle; Pro, prootic; Psph, parasphenoid; Pt, posttemporal; Pte, pterotic; Q, quadrate; Ra, retroarticular; Ri, rib; Sc, scapula; Scl, supracleithrum; Soc, supraoccipital; Sop, subopercle; Sph, sphenotic; Ur, urohyal; V1, vertebral centrum 1; Vo, vomer; VPcl, ventral postcleithrum.

Figure 16 from: Conway KW, Stewart AL, Summers AP (2018) A new genus and species of clingfish from the Rangitāhua Kermadec Islands of New Zealand (Teleostei, Gobiesocidae). ZooKeys 786: 75-104. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.786.28539

Figure 16 CT scanned anterior skeleton of Aspasmichthysciconiae, TCWC 16461.02, 26.0 mm SL. A Dorsal view B Lateral view (left side) C Ventral view. Abbreviations: ACh, anterior ceratohyal; Ana, anguloarticular; Apa, autopalatine; Boc, basioccipital; Bp, basipterygium; Br, branchiostegal rays; Cb5, ceratobranchial 5; Cl, cleithrum; DHh, dorsal hypohyal; DPcl, dorsal postcleithrum; Ec, epicentral; Ect, ectopterygoid; Epoc, epiotic; Exoc, exoccipital; Fr, frontal; Hy, hyomandibular; I, pelvic-fin spine; Iop, interopercle; La, lachrymal; LE, lateral ethmoid; M, mesethmoid; Na, nasal; NS1, 5, neural spine of vertebral centrum 1, 5; Op, opercle; Pa, parietal; PecR, pectoral radial; PecFR, pectoral-fin ray; PelFR1-4, pelvic-fin ray 1–4; Pop, preopercle; Pro, prootic; Psph, parasphenoid; Pt, posttemporal; Pte, pterotic; Q, quadrate; Ra, retroarticular; Ri, rib; Sc, scapula; Scl, supracleithrum; Soc, supraoccipital; Sop, subopercle; Sph, sphenotic; Ur, urohyal; V1, vertebral centrum 1; Vo, vomer; VPcl, ventral postcleithrum.