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2,556 results for “assemblages”

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dryad36/100

Data from: Amazonian pollen assemblages reflect biogeographic gradients and forest cover

Aim: We aim to assess i) how pollen assemblages vary across biogeographic and environmental gradients, ii) the source area of pollen assemblages from lake sediment samples, and iii) which pollen taxa can best be used to quantify deforested landscapes. Location: Amazonia Taxon: Plantae Methods: Pollen assemblages (N = 65) from mud-water interface samples (representing modern conditions) of lake sediment cores were analysed and compared with modern gradients of temperature, precipitation, and elevation. Pollen assemblages were also compared with local scale estimates of forest cover at 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, and 40 km buffers around each lake. Results: Over 250 pollen types were identified in the samples, and pollen assemblages were able to accurately differentiate biographic regions across the basin, corresponding with gradients in temperature and precipitation. Poaceae percentages had a significant negative relationship with forest cover estimates, which were stronger at the 1 km buffer and weaker as buffer sizes increased. Main conclusions: The diverse Amazonian pollen assemblages strongly reflect environmental gradients, and percentages of Poaceae best reflect local scale variability in forest cover. Our results of modern pollen-landscape relationships can be used to provide a foundation for quantitative reconstructions of climate and deforestation in Amazonian landscapes.

opencc-zeroJul 2023View details →

dryad36/100

Patterns and repeatability of multi-ecotype assemblages of sympatric Salmonids

Aim: High repeatability among assemblages of closely related but ecologically distinct ecotypes implies predictability in evolution and assembly of communities. The conditions under which ecotype assemblages form predictably, and the reasons, have been little investigated. Here we test whether repeatability declines as the number of ecotypes builds. Location: Postglacial lakes with a circumboreal distribution. Time period: Data were extracted from studies published between 1982 and 2019. Major taxa studied: Ecotype assemblages from two Salmonid genera – Salvelinus and Coregonus. Fish in postglacial lakes commonly occur as pairs of ecotypes, typically with a pelagic and a littoral/benthic form, but in Salvelinus and Coregonus assemblages commonly contain multiple sympatric ecotypes. Methods: We used a meta-analysis of Salvelinus and Coregonus to empirically assess how repeatability varies across assemblages of two to seven ecotypes. We examined repeatability of use of broad niche categories as well as in underlying phenotypic traits. Results: Within Coregonus, repeatability across multi-ecotype assemblages did not break down with the addition of a third or fourth ecotype. However, in Salvelinus, repeatability was largely absent and independent of the number of ecotypes. Repeatability of trait frequency distributions was absent in both genera, yet associations between trait means and niche categories were evident especially in Coregonus. Main conclusions: These results show that repeatability can vary greatly between lineages; that repeatability needn't break down as the number of ecotypes builds; and that high repeatability of broad niche categories may result despite marked differences in the underlying frequency distribution of trait means. These findings affirm the presence of repeatable ecotype assembly and early stages of divergence in postglacial fishes at a global scale, but also highlight variability among taxa and underlying phenotypic traits.

opencc-zeroOct 2023View details →

zenodo36/100

TimeFISH: Long-term assessment of reef fish assemblages in a transition zone in the Southwestern Atlantic

The TimeFish database provides the first public time-series dataset on reef fish assemblages in the Southwestern Atlantic (SWA), comprising 15 years of data (2007-2022) based on standardized Underwater Visual Censuses (UVCs). The rocky reefs covered by our dataset are influenced by pronounced seasonal cycles of ocean temperatures with warm tropical waters from the Brazil Current in the summer (~27°C) and colder waters from the La Plata River Plume discharge and upwelling from the South Atlantic Central Water in the winter (~18°C). These oceanographic conditions characterize this area as the southernmost tropical-subtropical climatic transition zone in the Atlantic Ocean. As a result, reef fish assemblages comprise both tropical and subtropical species. All records included in TimeFish were collected using UVCs, a non-destructive method that allows the estimation of fish species richness, abundance, and body size distributions. UVCs were performed through 40 m2 belt transects by scuba diving in nine locations along the southern Brazilian coast (25°S – 29°S). Four of these locations lie within the boundaries of the no-entry Arvoredo Marine Biological Reserve, where fishing and recreational activities are forbidden, and the remaining locations are unprotected from these activities. During each belt transect, a diver swam at a constant depth above and parallel to the reef, identifying fish species, counting the number of individuals, and estimating the total body length (Lt in cm) of all detected individuals. All fish individuals in the water column (up to 2 m above the substratum) and at the bottom were targeted. A total of 202,965 individuals belonging to 163 reef fish species and 53 families were recorded across 1,857 UVCs. All survey campaigns were funded by either public or mixed capital (private-public) sources, including seven grants from the Brazilian federal and Santa Catarina state government. Part of the data have already been used in multiple MSc and Ph.D. theses and scientific articles. TimeFISH represents an important contribution for future studies aiming to examine temporal and spatial variations of reef fish assemblages in transition zones. No copyright restrictions apply to the use of this data set, other than citing this publication.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2022View details →

zenodo36/100

Dataset of the chipped stone assemblage from the Neolithic site of Karancsság (Nógrád county, Hungary)

The Excel file contains all the information of every chipped stones discovered at the Karancsság-Alsó-rétek site (Nógrád county, Hungary). The material is stored in Kubinyi Ferenc Museum (Szécsény, Hungary).

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2024View details →

dryad36/100