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2,608 results for “breed”
Climate change may outpace current wheat breeding yield improvements in North America
<p>The raw data in Climate change may outpace current wheat breeding yield improvements in North America</p>
Data from: Inbreeding, inbreeding depression and infidelity in a cooperatively-breeding bird
Inbreeding depression plays a major role in shaping mating systems: in particular, inbreeding avoidance is often proposed as a mechanism explaining extra-pair reproduction in socially-monogamous species. This suggestion relies on assumptions which are rarely comprehensively tested: that inbreeding depression is present, that higher kinship between social partners increases infidelity, and that infidelity reduces the frequency of inbreeding. Here, we test these assumptions using 26 years of data for a cooperatively-breeding, socially-monogamous bird with high female infidelity, the superb fairy-wren (Malurus cyaneus). Although inbred individuals were rare (~6% of offspring), we found evidence of inbreeding depression in nestling mass (but not in fledgling survival). Mother-son social pairings resulted in 100% infidelity, but kinship between a social pair did not otherwise predict female infidelity. Nevertheless, extra-pair offspring were less likely to be inbred than within-pair offspring. Finally, the social environment (the number of helpers in a group) did not affect offspring inbreeding coefficients or inbreeding depression levels. In conclusion, despite some agreement with the assumptions that are necessary for inbreeding avoidance to drive infidelity, the apparent scarcity of inbreeding events and the observed levels of inbreeding depression seem insufficient to explain the ubiquitous infidelity in this system, beyond the mother-son mating avoidance.
Breeding system data for populations of T. perfoliata
<p><span>Both intrinsic and extrinsic forces work together to shape connectivity and genetic variation in populations across the landscape. Here we explored how geography, breeding system traits, and environmental factors influence the population genetic patterns of <em>Triodanis perfoliata</em>, a widespread mix-mating annual plant in the contiguous US. By integrating population genomic data with spatial analyses and modeling the relationship between breeding system and genetic diversity, we illustrate the complex ways in which these forces shape genetic variation. Specifically, we used 4,705 single nucleotide polymorphisms to assess genetic diversity, structure, and evolutionary history among 18 populations. Populations with more obligately selfing flowers harbored less genetic diversity (π: R2 = 0.63, P = 0.01, n = 9 populations), and we found significant population structuring (FST = 0.48). Both geographic isolation and environmental factors played significant roles in predicting the observed genetic diversity: we found that corridors of suitable environment appear to facilitate gene flow between populations, and that environmental resistance is correlated with increased genetic distance between populations. Last, we integrated our genetic results with species distribution modeling to assess likely patterns of connectivity among our study populations. Our landscape and evolutionary genetic results suggest that <em>T. perfoliata</em> experienced a complex demographic and evolutionary history, particularly in the center of its distribution. As such, there is no singular mechanism driving this species' evolution. Together, our analyses support the hypothesis that breeding system, geography, and environmental variables shape the patterns of diversity and connectivity of T. perfoliata in the US.</span></p>
Comparison of behavioural tendencies between 'dangerous dogs' and other domestic dog breeds – evolutionary context and practical implications
<p>Aggressive behaviour by dogs is a considerable social problem, but the ability to predict which individuals may have increased aggressive tendencies is very limited, restricting the development of efficient preventive measures. There is a common perception that certain breeds are more likely to exhibit aggressive behaviour, which has contributed to the introduction of breed-specific legislation. The rationale for such legislation explicitly assumes high heritability of this trait while also implying relatively little variation within breeds; these assumptions are largely untested. We compared behavioural tendencies between 8 breeds that are subject to legislation in at least one country and 17 breeds that are not subject to legislation using two validated psychometric tools: the Dog Impulsivity Assessment Scale (DIAS), which scores elements of impulsivity, including a tendency for aggressive behaviour, and Positive and Negative Activation Scale (PANAS), which scores sensitivity to positive and negative stimuli (which may trigger aggressive responses). We found that the two groups of breeds do not differ significantly in the specific DIAS factor relating to aggressive behaviour, "Aggression Threshold and Response to Novelty", or any other DIAS and PANAS factors. We found large variation in all behavioural tendencies measured by both psychometric scales within both groups and within each breed studied. Taken together, our findings indicate that breed alone is not a reliable predictor of individual behavioural tendencies, including those related to aggression, and therefore breed-specific legislation is unlikely to be an effective instrument for reducing risk.</p>
Data from: Breeding system and geospatial variation shape the population genetics of Triodanis perfoliata
<p><span>Both intrinsic and extrinsic forces work together to shape connectivity and genetic variation in populations across the landscape. Here we explored how geography, breeding system traits, and environmental factors influence the population genetic patterns of <em>Triodanis perfoliata</em>, a widespread mix-mating annual plant in the contiguous US. By integrating population genomic data with spatial analyses and modeling the relationship between breeding system and genetic diversity, we illustrate the complex ways in which these forces shape genetic variation. Specifically, we used 4,705 single nucleotide polymorphisms to assess genetic diversity, structure, and evolutionary history among 18 populations. Populations with more obligately selfing flowers harbored less genetic diversity (π: R<sup>2</sup> = 0.63, P = 0.01, n = 9 populations), and we found significant population structuring (F<sub>ST</sub> = 0.48). Both geographic isolation and environmental factors played significant roles in predicting the observed genetic diversity: we found that corridors of suitable environment appear to facilitate gene flow between populations, and that environmental resistance is correlated with increased genetic distance between populations. Last, we integrated our genetic results with species distribution modeling to assess likely patterns of connectivity among our study populations. Our landscape and evolutionary genetic results suggest that <em>T. perfoliata</em> experienced a complex demographic and evolutionary history, particularly in the center of its distribution. As such, there is no singular mechanism driving this species' evolution. Together, our analyses support the hypothesis that breeding system, geography, and environmental variables shape the patterns of diversity and connectivity of <em>T. perfoliata</em> in the US. </span></p>
Figure 1 in Breeding biology of Long-tailed Cinclodes Cinclodes pabsti Sick, 1969 (Passeriformes: Furnariidae)
Figure 1. Location of the study area in the region of Campos de Cima da Serra, southern Brazil.
Figure 8 in Breeding behavior, distribution, and conservation of the Sharp-tailed Tyrant Culicivora caudacuta (Vieillot, 1818) (Aves: Tyrannidae), a South American grassland specialist
Figure 8. Adult Culicivoracaudacuta collecting material for the nest.Photo: RSS.
Figure 17 in Breeding behavior, distribution, and conservation of the Sharp-tailed Tyrant Culicivora caudacuta (Vieillot, 1818) (Aves: Tyrannidae), a South American grassland specialist
Figure 17. Juvenile Culicivora caudacuta, with adult in the background. Photo: RSS.
Figure 6 in Breeding behavior, distribution, and conservation of the Sharp-tailed Tyrant Culicivora caudacuta (Vieillot, 1818) (Aves: Tyrannidae), a South American grassland specialist
Figure 6. Nest site of Nest 1, 8 December 2003. Photo: RSS.
Figure 3 in Breeding behavior, distribution, and conservation of the Sharp-tailed Tyrant Culicivora caudacuta (Vieillot, 1818) (Aves: Tyrannidae), a South American grassland specialist
Figure 3. Specimen (RMNH 88812) of Culicivora caudacuta used in Temminck's description. Photo: RSS.
Figure 14. Adult removing a faecal sac from Nest 2 in Breeding behavior, distribution, and conservation of the Sharp-tailed Tyrant Culicivora caudacuta (Vieillot, 1818) (Aves: Tyrannidae), a South American grassland specialist
Figure 14. Adult removing a faecal sac from Nest 2 after feeding the nestlings. Photo: RSS.
Figure 12. Two adults feeding a nestling with dragonflies, 8 December 2003 in Breeding behavior, distribution, and conservation of the Sharp-tailed Tyrant Culicivora caudacuta (Vieillot, 1818) (Aves: Tyrannidae), a South American grassland specialist
Figure 12. Two adults feeding a nestling with dragonflies, 8 December 2003. Photo: RSS.
Figure 15 in Breeding behavior, distribution, and conservation of the Sharp-tailed Tyrant Culicivora caudacuta (Vieillot, 1818) (Aves: Tyrannidae), a South American grassland specialist
Figure 15. Culicivora caudacuta nestling. Photo: RSS.
FIGURE 1. Breeding host and habitat for many E in Taxonomic review of the plant bug subfamily Isometopinae for Taiwan and Japanese Southwest Islands, with descriptions of new taxa (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae: Isometopinae)
FIGURE 1. Breeding host and habitat for many E Asian isometopines, Fraxinus griffithii (A–B) and live adult individuals of Myiomma kentingense sp. nov. (C–D) Isometopus bipunctatus Lin (E–F) and I. takaii Yasunaga (G). A. Fraxinus griffithii preserved in Kenting National Forest, S. Taiwan. B. Fraxinus griffithii, bark. C & E. Adult male. D, F & G. Adult female. Photographed at Kenting, S. Taiwan, except for G on Ishigaki Island.
PCA of Brazilian Horse Populations Compared to World-Distributed Breeds
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Figure 6. Burned area per month detected between 1985 and 2020 in Breeding biology of the Ochre-breasted pipit (Anthus nattereri), with notes on its conservation in the Upper Rio Grande Grasslands, south-eastern Brazil
Figure 6. Burned area per month detected between 1985 and 2020 in São João del-Rei, south-eastern Brazil. Data from the MapBiomas (2022). The dotted line indicates the average across months.
Figure 5 in Breeding biology of the Ochre-breasted pipit (Anthus nattereri), with notes on its conservation in the Upper Rio Grande Grasslands, south-eastern Brazil
Figure 5. Arrangement diagram of the Ochre-breasted pipit nesting sites and unused sites in a grassland habitat in São João del-Rei, south-eastern Brazil. The first two components of a principal component analysis are shown: square = nesting sites located in small patches of grassland vegetation with more than 2 years of post-burn regeneration; triangle = nesting sites located in vegetation with> 1 year <2 years of regeneration; and cross = unused sites. PC = principal component. Attribute legend: liveveg = covered with living vegetation; deadveg = covered with dead vegetation; bareground = exposed soil; dens10 = vegetation density between 0 and 10 cm in height; dens = average vegetation density; height = height below which 90% of the vegetation density is located (cm).
Figure 4. Ochre-breasted pipit nestlings with about 6 in Breeding biology of the Ochre-breasted pipit (Anthus nattereri), with notes on its conservation in the Upper Rio Grande Grasslands, south-eastern Brazil
Figure 4. Ochre-breasted pipit nestlings with about 6 (a) and 11 (b) days of life, as photographed in nest #3. Nest found in a grassland in São João del-Rei, south-eastern Brazil, in October 2016. Photos: VTL.
Figure 3 in Breeding biology of the Ochre-breasted pipit (Anthus nattereri), with notes on its conservation in the Upper Rio Grande Grasslands, south-eastern Brazil
Figure 3. Variation in the shape and colour of eggs of the Ochre-breasted pipit. Nests found in a grassland habitat of São João del-Rei, south-eastern Brazil, between October and November 2016: (a) one of the eggs of nest #2; (b) the two-egg clutch of nest #4; (c) the three-egg clutch of nest #3, showing a more round-shaped egg on the left. The white bar is 10 mm in scale. Photos: VTL.
Figure 2 in Breeding biology of the Ochre-breasted pipit (Anthus nattereri), with notes on its conservation in the Upper Rio Grande Grasslands, south-eastern Brazil
Figure 2. Nest #4 illustrating the two poorly defined layers of the structural zone of the Ochrebreasted pipit nests found in São João del-Rei, south-eastern Brazil, between October and November 2016: (a) outermost layer composed of small basal meristems of tussock grasses and/or by (b) thin grass stems with their leaves still attached. This outermost layer envelops the innermost layer (c), which is built with narrow filiform grass leaves tightly intertwined. Photos: VTL.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.