Find research datasets worth reusing

opencc-zeroSep 2020View details →

Behavioural responses to warming differentially impact survival in introduced and native dung beetles

Background: Anthropogenic changes are often studied in isolation but may interact to affect biodiversity. For example, climate change could exacerbate the impacts of biological invasions if climate change differentially affects invasive and native species. Behavioural plasticity may mitigate some of the impacts of climate change, but species vary in their degree of behavioural plasticity. In particular, invasive species may have greater behavioural plasticity than native species since plasticity helps invasive species establish and spread in new environments. This plasticity could make invasives better able to cope with climate change. Goal: Here our goal was to examine whether reproductive behaviours and behavioural plasticity vary between an introduced and a native Onthophagus dung beetle species in response to warming temperatures and how differences in behaviour influence offspring survival. Methods: Using a repeated measures design, we exposed small colonies of introduced O. taurus and native O. hecate to three temperature treatments, including a control, low warming, and high warming treatment, and then measured reproductive behaviours, including the number, size, and burial depth of brood balls. We reared offspring in their brood balls in developmental temperatures that matched those of the brood ball burial depth to quantify survival. Results: We found that the introduced O. taurus produced more brood balls and larger brood balls, and buried brood balls deeper than the native O. hecate in all treatments. However, the two species did not vary in the degree of behavioural plasticity in response to warming. Differences in reproductive behaviours did affect survival, such that warming temperatures had a greater effect on survival of offspring of native O. hecate compared to introduced O. taurus. Broader implications: Overall, our results suggest that differences in behaviour between native and introduced species is one mechanism through which climate change may exacerbate negative impacts of biological invasions.

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2020View details →

Analyzing the Impact of Refactoring on Bad Smells

Refactoring aims to remove bad smells and increase software maintainability by improving the software structure without changing its behavior. However, some studies show that refactoring tools may introduce new bad smells into the source code, but to the best of our knowledge, we have not been able to find a complete catalog that states the bad smells introduced from refactoring. To bridge this gap, this paper goal is to evaluate the impacts of refactoring on the detection of bad smells in open-source Java systems. Hence, we want to know if and when the automated refactoring removes or introduces bad smells.

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2020View details →

Does recent fire activity impact fire-related traits of Pinus halepensis Mill. and Pinus sylvestris L. in the French Mediterranean area?

Data used for analyses in the paper by Romero B. and Ganteaume A., published in Annals of Forest Science in 2020. PS : Pinus sylvestris PH : Pinus halepensis

opencc-zeroOct 2020View details →

Landscape-level toxicant exposure mediates infection impacts on wildlife populations

Anthropogenic landscape modification such as urbanization can expose wildlife to toxicants, with profound behavioural and health effects. Toxicant exposure can alter local transmission of wildlife diseases by reducing survival or altering immune defence. However, predicting the impacts of pathogens on wildlife across their ranges is complicated by heterogeneity in toxicant exposure across the landscape, especially if toxicants alter wildlife movement from toxicant-contaminated to uncontaminated habitats. We developed a mechanistic model to explore how toxicant effects on host health and movement propensity influence range-wide pathogen transmission, and zoonotic exposure risk, as an increasing fraction of the landscape is toxicant-contaminated. When toxicant-contaminated habitat is scarce on the landscape, costs to movement and survival from toxicant exposure can trap infected animals in contaminated habitat and reduce landscape-level transmission. Increasing the proportion of contaminated habitat causes host population declines from combined effects of toxicants and infection. The onset of host declines precedes an increase in the density of infected hosts in contaminated habitat, and thus may serve as an early warning of increasing zoonotic spillover risk in urbanizing landscapes. These results highlight how sublethal effects of toxicants can determine pathogen impacts on wildlife populations that may not manifest until landscape contamination is widespread.

opencc-zeroOct 2020View details →

Data from: Modelling the potential impacts of climate change on the distribution of ichthyoplankton in the Yangtze Estuary, China

<a name="_Hlk10553342">Aim: </a>Species distribution models (SDMs) are an effective tool to explore the potential distribution of terrestrial, freshwater, and marine organisms; however, SDMs have been seldom used to model ichthyoplankton distributions and thus our understanding of how larval stages of fishes will respond to climate change is still limited. Here, we developed SDMs to explore potential impacts of climate change on habitat suitability of ichthyoplankton. Location: Yangtze Estuary, China Methods: Using long-term ichthyoplankton survey data and a large set of marine predictor variables, we developed ensemble SDMs for five abundant ichthyoplankton species in the Yangtze Estuary (Coilia mystus, Hypoatherina valenciennei, Larimichthys polyactis, Salanx ariakensis, and Chelidonichthys spinosus). Then, we projected their habitat suitability under present and future climate conditions. Results: The ensemble SDMs had good predictive performance and were successful in estimating the known distributions of the five species. Model projections highlighted two contrasting patterns of response to future climates: while C. mystus will likely expand its range, the ranges of the other four species will likely contract and shift northward. Main conclusions: <a name="_Hlk15635552">According to our SDM projections, the five ichthyoplankton species that we tested in the Yangtze Estuary are likely to respond differently to future climate changes. These projected different responses seemingly reflect the differential functional attributes and life history strategies of these species. </a>To the extent that climate change emerges as a critical driver of the future distribution of these species, our findings provide an important roadmap for designing future conservation strategies for ichthyoplankton in this region.

opencc-by-4.0Jan 2021View details →

Mitigating the impact of bad rainy seasons in poor agricultural regions to tackle deforestation

I provide the stata files that allow to reproduce the results presented in the paper  "Mitigating the impact of bad rainy seasons in poor agricultural regions to tackle deforestation" by Antoine Leblois. The replication folder contains two files: 1- *.dta file: database 2- *.do file: do-file containing the codes to replicate the results Stata 14 was used for this work.

opencc-zeroNov 2020View details →

Pioneering polyploids: the impact of whole-genome duplication on biome shifting in New Zealand Coprosma (Rubiaceae) and Veronica (Plantaginaceae)

The role of whole-genome duplication in facilitating shifts into novel biomes remains unknown. Focusing on two diverse woody plant groups in New Zealand, Coprosma (Rubiaceae) and Veronica (Plantaginaceae), we investigate how biome occupancy varies with ploidy level, and test the hypothesis that whole-genome duplication increases the rate of biome shifting. Ploidy levels and biome occupancy (forest, open, and alpine) were determined for indigenous species in both clades. The distribution of low ploidy (Coprosma: 2x, Veronica: 6x) vs high ploidy (Coprosma: 4–10x, Veronica: 12–18x) species across biomes was tested statistically. Estimation of the phylogenetic history of biome occupancy and whole-genome duplication was performed using time-calibrated phylogenies and the R package BioGeoBEARS. Trait-dependent dispersal models were implemented to determine support for an increased rate of biome shifting among high ploidy lineages. We find support for a greater than random portion of high ploidy species occupying multiple biomes. We also find strong support for high ploidy taxa showing a three to eight-fold increase in the rate of biome shifts. These results suggest that whole-genome duplication promotes ecological expansion into new biomes.

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2020View details →

The Impacts of Increased Adverse Weather Events on Freight Movement

Freight transportation is a major economic backbone of the United States and is vital to sustaining the nation’s economic growth. Ports, as one of the primary components of freight transportation and important means of integrating into the global economic system, have experienced significant growth and increased capacity during the past two decades. The study addresses an important national freight mobility goal to enhance the resilience of the port transportation operations in the event of extreme weather events. This study develops an adaptable resilience assessment framework that evaluates the impact of a disruptive event on transportation operations. The framework identifies dynamic performance levels over an extended period of an event including five distinct phases of responses- staging, reduction, peak, restoration, and overloading. This study applies the framework to the port complex in Houston, Texas, during a major hurricane event, Harvey, and two holiday events in 2017. The framework evaluates proactive and reactive responses of port truck activities during the disruptions and provides a comprehensive assessment of resilience and adaptability in port truck operations. Evaluating response systems and resilience of port truck activities during severe weather events such as Hurricane Harvey represents the first step for designing plans that support a fast system recovery that minimizes the economic, social, and human impacts.

opencc-zeroNov 2020View details →

Competition for pollination and isolation from mates differentially impact four stages of pollination in a model grassland perennial

1. Species that persist in small populations isolated by habitat destruction may experience reproductive failure. Self-incompatible plants face dual threats of mate-limitation and competition with co-flowering plants for pollination services. Such competition may lower pollinator visitation, increase heterospecific pollen transfer, and reduce the likelihood that a visit results in successful pollination. 2. To understand how isolation from mates and competition with co-flowering species contribute to reproductive failure in fragmented habitat, we conducted an observational study of a tallgrass prairie perennial, Echinacea angustifolia. We quantified the isolation of focal individuals from mates, characterized species richness and counted inflorescences within 1m radius, observed pollinator visitation, collected pollinators, quantified pollen loads on pollinators and on Echinacea stigmas, and measured pollination success. Throughout the season, we sampled 223 focal plants. 3. We present evidence that both co-flowering species and isolation from mates substantially limit reproduction in Echinacea. As the flowering season progressed, the probability of pollinator visitation to focal plants decreased and evidence for pollen-limited reproduction increased. Pollinators were most likely to visit Echinacea plants from low-richness floral neighbourhoods with close potential mates, or plants from high-richness neighbourhoods with distant potential mates. Frequent visitation only increased pollination success in the former case, likely because Echinacea in high-richness floral neighbourhoods received low-quality visits. 4. Synthesis: In Echinacea, reproduction was limited by isolation from potential mates and the richness of co-flowering species. These aspects of the floral neighbourhood influenced pollinator visitation and pollination success, although conditions that predicted high visitation did not always lead to high pollination success. These results reveal how habitat modification and destruction, which influence floral neighbourhood and isolation from conspecific mates, can differentially affect various stages of reproductive biology in self-incompatible plants. Our results suggest that prairie conservation and restoration efforts that promote patches of greater floral diversity may improve reproductive outcomes in fragmented habitats.

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2020View details →

Data on the Impact of Consumption Taxes on Income Inequality

This data is part of a research project on the impact of consumption taxes on inequality by Julien Blasco, Elvire Guillaud and Michaël Zemmour. Our project is currently published in the LIS Working Paper Series. You may cite it as: <blockquote> Blasco J., Guillaud E., Zemmour M. (2020) <a href="http://www.lisdatacenter.org/wps/liswps/785.pdf">“Consumption Taxes and Income Inequality: An International Perspective with Microsimulation”</a>, LIS Working Paper Series, No. 785. </blockquote> You are free to use the datasets we provide here, but please cite them as: <blockquote> Blasco J., Guillaud E., Zemmour M., Data on the Impact of Consumption Taxes on Income Inequality, <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4291984">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4291984</a>, October 2020. </blockquote> For detailed information on the method used, please refer to <a href="https://www.lisdatacenter.org/wps/liswps/785.pdf">Blasco, Guillaud and Zemmour (2020)</a>. In particular, the appendices describe the imputation models used for consumption. All the coefficients are given, which allows for a replication of this imputation method in other datasets. The code used is available at <a href="https://github.com/JulienBlasco/consumption-taxes">https://github.com/JulienBlasco/consumption-taxes</a>. Our data is base on surveys on income and consumption, harmonized by the <a href="https://www.lisdatacenter.org">Luxembourg Income Study</a>. We used <a href="https://stats.oecd.org">OECD Statistics</a> for National Accounts data on income, consumption and consumption tax revenue.   Description of the data The data is constituted of five tables. <ul> <li>Two datasets are aggregated indicators at the country-year level, such as Gini coefficients for different concepts of income, global consumption tax-to-income ratios, anti-redistributive effect of consumption taxes: <ul> <li>For the core model (82 country-years): ConsumptionTaxes_indicators_coremodel.dta</li> <li>For the lighter model (126 country-years):  ConsumptionTaxes_indicators_xtnddmodel</li> </ul> </li> <li>Two datasets are variables broken down by percentiles of disposable income, within each country-year. Please note that these data are mainly for graphing purposes, not detailed analysis at the percentile level: <ul> <li>Core model (82 country-years): ConsumptionTaxes_percentiles_coremodel</li> <li>Lighter model (126 country-years): ConsumptionTaxes_percentiles_xtnddmodel</li> </ul> </li> <li>One dataset that contains the implicit effective tax rates on consumption, computed with National Accounts data: 18-07-27 OECD_itrcs.dta</li> </ul>

Simulating δ15N of atmospheric NOx with the impacts from atmospheric processes

A new emission dataset of NOx, which incorporates the 15N isotope, was used to simulate the δ15N values in CAMQ (the Community Multiscale Air Quality Modeling System), in order to qualitatively analyze the changes in δ15N values, due to the disperse, mixing, and transport of the atmospheric NOx emitted from different sources, driven by atmospheric processes.

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2018View details →

The TEI, Its Foundations and Impact, and How It Fits Into Today's Needs and Practices for Language Analysis

6th Lecture

opencc-zeroDec 2020View details →

Shade-growing practices lessen the impact of coffee plantations on multiple dimensions of ant diversity

1. Land use management influence changes in biodiversity beyond the targeted species. Management practices in coffee plantations have shifted from coffee growing below accompanying (shade) trees, to intensified monocultures in which coffee grows fully exposed to the sun. Anthropogenic disturbance causes changes in species composition relative to adjacent natural patches and reduces their biotic heterogeneity. Here, we assessed the impact of coffee plantation management practices on the taxonomical, phylogenetic, and functional composition of ant communities, an ecologically dominant group and crucial biological pest controller in these agroecosystems. We hypothesized that shade-grown coffee plantations would harbor ant communities similar to those of nearby forest patches, but dissimilar to those of intensified monocultures. 2. We surveyed ant diversity in eight shade-grown coffee farms, eight intensive coffee monocultures and eight forest patches. We used a combination of active and passive sampling methods over two field campaigns spanning six months. 3. Our results support our hypothesis for all diversity dimensions. Additionally, ant communities in intensified monocultures were taxonomically and functionally, but not phylogenetically, more homogeneous than those found in forest patches and shade-grown plantations. 4. Synthesis and applications. Our findings support the idea that practices in shade-grown plantations buffer the impoverishment of multiple diversity dimensions after forest conversion. By assessing and integrating multiple biodiversity dimensions into management strategies, farmers and interested parties can minimize future biodiversity and ecosystem service loss.

Model Age Derivation of Large Martian Impact Craters, using automatic crater counting methods / Dataset

<ul> <li>"counting_area" folder: shapefiles of the mapped ejecta layers considered in this study</li> <li>"scc" folder: .scc files readable on CraterStats listing the size and location of craters detected by our CDA and recognized as primaries by the ASCI. The counting area considered for each crater slightly vary from the area indicated in the shapefile due to the removal of Thiessen polygons associated to secondary craters by the ASCI.</li> </ul> The ASCI code and toolbox implementable to ESRI ArcGIS (10.6) is discoverable here: https://github.com/curtin-crater-detection/secondary-crater-removal

opencc-zeroDec 2020View details →

Data from: Wild bees as winners and losers: relative impacts of landscape composition, quality, and climate

Wild bees, like many other taxa, are threatened by land use and climate change, which in turn jeopardizes pollination of crops and wild plants. Understanding how land-use and climate factors interact is critical to predicting and managing pollinator populations and ensuring adequate pollination services, but most studies have evaluated either land-use or climate effects, not both. Further, bee species are incredibly variable, spanning an array of behavioral, physiological and life history traits that can increase or decrease resilience to land use or climate change. Thus, there are likely bee species that benefit, while others suffer, from changing climate and land use, but few studies have documented taxon-specific trends. To address these critical knowledge gaps, we analyzed a long-term dataset of wild bee occurrences from Maryland, Delaware, and Washington DC, USA, examining how different bee genera and functional groups respond to landscape composition, quality, and climate factors. Despite a large body of literature documenting land-use effects on wild bees, in this study, climate factors emerged as the main drivers of wild-bee abundance and richness. For wild-bee communities in spring and summer/fall, temperature and precipitation were more important predictors than landscape composition, landscape quality, or topography. However, relationships varied substantially between wild-bee genera and functional groups. In the Northeast USA, past trends and future predictions show a changing climate with warmer winters, more intense precipitation in winter and spring, and longer growing seasons with higher maximum temperatures. In almost all of our analyses, these conditions were associated with lower abundance of wild bees. Wild-bee richness results were more mixed, including neutral and positive relationships with predicted temperature and precipitation patterns. Thus, in this region and undoubtedly more broadly, changing climate poses a significant threat to wild-bee communities.

Toward a Physics based Model of Hypervelocity dust Impacts,

Data used in the preparations of certain figures of the manuscript

A climate database with varying drought-heat signatures for climate impact modelling

To allow for impact modelling for a wide range of sectors, we provide six scenarios with differing drought-heat signatures. Each scenario is 100 years long and we provide temperature variables (mean, minimum, maximum), precipitation, radiation (short- and longwave downward radiation and shortwave net radiation) and wind (zonal and meridional) at daily timescales. All variables are available at a regular 1◦×1◦grid over land, except Antarctica and large parts of Greenland. Leap days were removed, so there are 365×100 time steps for each scenario.

opencc-zeroDec 2020View details →

Impact of nitrogen and phosphorus addition on resident soil and root mycobiomes in beech forests

The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of fertilizers on root-associated and soil residing fungi in beech forests. We report data from a fertilization experiment in three temperate beech forest with contrasting soil phosphorus concentrations. We used soil cores and the fractions of the organic layer and mineral topsoil separately of spring and fall 2018. We collected bulk soil and roots. We provide data on soil for pH, mineral elements, ammonium, nitrate, carbon, nitrogen. We provide data on root mineral nutrients, carbon and nitrogen. Illumina sequencing in soil and roots provides fungal amplicon sequence variant (ASV) and morphotyping of beech fine roots the active colonizing ectomycorrhizal fungi, including diversity parameters.

opencc-zeroJan 2021View details →

Varying impacts of logging frequency on tree communities and carbon storage across evergreen and deciduous tropical forests in the Andaman Islands, India

The majority of Earth's tropical forests have been selectively logged; some on repeated occasions. Selective logging is known to affect forest structure, composition and function in various ways, but how such effects vary with logging frequency and across forest types remains unclear. In the Andaman Archipelago in India, we examined adult and pole-sized trees in baseline (unlogged since 1990s), once-logged (logged between 2007 and 2014) and twice-logged (logged in early 1990s and between 2007 and 2014) evergreen and deciduous forests, and tested whether higher logging frequency was associated with lower canopy cover, tree density, tree diversity, aboveground carbon stocks and divergence in species composition, including increased relative abundances of deciduous species in these forests. While once-logged evergreen and deciduous forests were similar to their respective baselines for most attributes assessed, and twice-logged evergreen forests had 22–24% lower adult tree density and diversity, twice-logged deciduous forests had 17–50% lower canopy cover, pole density, adult species diversity and above-ground carbon stocks, and 12% higher deciduous fractions compared to the baselines. Collectively our results reveal lasting impacts of repeated selective logging, even at relative low intensity, on tree communities and carbon storage. These impacts can potentially be mitigated by reducing logging frequency and retaining unlogged patches in logged landscapes, but management must also incorporate heterogeneity in responses and recovery across different forest types. In the Andaman Islands, all forests may require more than 15–25 years between logging events, with deciduous forests potentially requiring more stringent extraction limits compared to evergreen forests.