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Fig. 3 in The bivalve Pholadomya gigantea in the Early Cretaceous of Argentina: Taxonomy, taphonomy, and paleogeographic implications
Fig. 3. Orientations of measurements in Pholadomya. A. Left lateral view. B. Dorsal view. C. Posterior view. Abbreviations: Al, anterior length; H, height; Hs, height of siphonal gape; L, length; W, width; Ws, width of siphonal gape. Measurements in Table 1.
Fig. 8 in The bivalve Pholadomya gigantea in the Early Cretaceous of Argentina: Taxonomy, taphonomy, and paleogeographic implications
Fig. 8. Inferred life position of Pholadomya gigantea (Sowerby, 1836) from the Early Cretaceous of the Neuquén Basin, west−central Argentina. A passive deep burrowing habit is interpreted for this species, which has a large pallial sinus, siphonal gape, and thin posterior elongated shell. Angle between the shell and the sediment−water interface may be variable. Soft parts from Morton (1980).
Fig. 1 in Aspects of life mode among Ordovician asteroids: Implications of new specimens from Baltica
Fig. 1. Geographic and stratigraphic settings of the new fossils. A. Regional geography; specimens of Estoniaster maennili gen. et sp. nov. found near Vasalemma, Estonia; those of Urasterellidae found near Volkhov, Russia. B. Local geography in the region of Vasalemma, Estonia, discovery site for the described specimens of Estoniaster maennili. C. Local geography in the region of Volkhov, Russia, discovery site for the described specimens of Urasterellidae. D. Ordovician correlation chart, data from Webby et al. (2004). Asterisks mark positions of new fossils.
Fig. 4 in Aspects of life mode among Ordovician asteroids: Implications of new specimens from Baltica
Fig. 4. Urasterellid asteroid Urasterella? sp., PIN 4125/770, Middle Ordovician, Volkov, Russia. A. Entire specimen, ventral view; numbers identify ossicles of Fig. 5C. B. Disk region oriented as A, many displaced adambulacrals, spines above and to the left of the scale bar. C. Lower left arm of A, disk, interbrachial angle to left. D. Lower right arm of A, disk to left. E. Two abactinals, lateral view; crowns showing accessory depressions. F. Two abactinals to left, abactinal or possible inferomarginal to right. G. Two abactinals, above, adambulacral below; ossicles toward upper left of same approximate orientation as in D. Scale bars: A–D, 3 mm; E–G, 1 mm.
Fig. 6 in Aspects of life mode among Ordovician asteroids: Implications of new specimens from Baltica
Fig. 6. Original illustration of Urasterella thraivensis; figures 83–85 from Spencer (1918) reproduced courtesy Palaeontographical Society illustrating ambulacral details. A. Ambulacrals and adambulacrals. B. Diagram of adambulacrals in lateral view. Spencer (1918) thought adambulacral orientation changed along the length of the arm. C. Spencer (1918) reconstructed inclined muscle strands between adambulacrals, see text. Abbreviations: Ad, adambulacrals; Ap, apical (dorsal in usage here) surface; D (on A), depression for muscle between ambulacral and adambulacral; D (on B and C), distal; P, proximal; Or, oral surface; Ri, transverse ridge separating successive podial basins.
Fig. 5 in Aspects of life mode among Ordovician asteroids: Implications of new specimens from Baltica
Fig. 5. Ambulacral series details in Ordovician and extant asteroids, see text for further discussion. A. Family Echinasteridae, Echinaster sp., extant, Florida (USA), scale bars A1, A2, 1 mm; A3–A5, 0.5 mm. A1, furrow view of ambulacrals and adambulacrals, proximal right; adambulacrals are angled (arrow) in the distal direction; cross−furrow tissue grooves (at top) overlie vertical articular plates and grooves, which in turn overlie flattened, ovate, lower cross−furrow tissue grooves; A2, inclined dorsal view of ambulacrals and adambulacrals, proximal left, longitudinal tissue groove (upper arrow) and angled adambulacrals (lower arrow); A3, proximal view of a right adambulacral, furrow right (see A1); view direction approximately corresponding to C1, except the latter is rotated to the horizontal; black arrow identifies corresponding horizontal U−shaped contact bars in A3, A5, C1, C3, C4; A4, ventral−distal view, white arrow identifies corresponding interadambulacral contact facets above muscle depression in A4, C2, C5; A5, dorsal−proximal view of adambulacral. B. Family Goniasteridae, Peltaster placenta Verrill, 1899, Atlantic Ocean, extant, scale bars, 1 mm. B1, inclined ventral−distal furrow view of adambulacrals and adjacent actinal ossicles showing closely abutted adambulacrals with broad, flat interadambulacral contact surfaces in an extant asteroid; B2, inclined proximal−dorsal view of ambulacral series with vaulted ambulacrals, compare A1, A4, C1; B3, proximal view, adambulacral to left, compare to B4, with tightly abutted actinal ossicles to right; B4, distal view of adambulacral, furrow left; large, flat abutment surface encloses tissue depression. C. Family Urasterellidae, Urasterella? sp., Ordovician, Russia, PIN 4125/770, scale bars, 1 mm; C1, proximal view, ventral right, of adambulacral series with interadambulacral bar (arrow), approximately corresponding to that of Echinaster sp., A; C, C, distal views corresponding to A; C, C, proximal views Ą 3 2 5 4 3 4
Fig. 3 in Aspects of life mode among Ordovician asteroids: Implications of new specimens from Baltica
Fig. 3. Urasterellid asteroid Cnemidactis sp., PIN 4125/769, Middle Ordovician, Volkov, Russia. A. Entire specimen, ventral view. B. Lower right portion of A, rotated; adambulacral series at top with nose directed upward and overlapping ambulacrals; taphonomically displaced marginal series in middle showing lateral facets (below), central waist (upper arrow), and crown. Adambulacrals of the second fragment are below, scale is to right of an adambulacral nose, lower arrow points to nose of rotated adambulacral; robust interadambulacral articular surfaces at lower left. C. Right portion of A; ambulacrals medial, series of spine pustules on nose of adambulacrals (upper arrow), two spines have fallen into the basin below the arrow; triangular articular surface of ambulacral (lower arrow) is equivalent to that illustrated by Spencer (1918; Fig. 6A herein), articular flanges also visible on adjacent ambulacrals. D. Displaced ambulacrals medially, with adambulacrals; triangular articular surface on ambulacral (arrow). E. Marginal in lateral view (upper arrow), and adambulacral series, the lower arrow at inter−adambulacral articular surfaces. F. Adambulacral series above, marginal series below, these fitted between successive adambulacrals, the relationship indicating Cnemidactis. G. Ossicles from second fragment, lower center of A; series of disrupted marginals (arrows), abactinals below right marginal. Adambulacrals are above marginals; edge of adambulacral series of primary fragment is below. Scale bars: A, 3 mm; all others, 1 mm.
Fig. 2 in Aspects of life mode among Ordovician asteroids: Implications of new specimens from Baltica
Fig. 2. Palastericid asteroid Estoniaster maennili gen. et sp. nov. from Keila (Upper Ordovician) of northern Estonia. A. PIN 4125/766; A1, entire specimen, dorsal view; large transverse paired ossicles are ambulacrals in life orientation (i.e., vaulted); left arrow identifies position of A2; lower right arrow indicates the madreporite; A2, four superomarginals above, medial two with apparent spine remnants (arrow); paxilliform ossicles below SMs are intermarginals; A3, ambulacral series located top center of A1, left arrow points to transverse canal with the radial canal beyond, base of arrow rests in podial basin of next−distal ambulacrum; gracile cross−furrow articular structures (upper right arrow); A4, slightly disrupted ambulacrals; contact between subsequent ambulacrals is sinuous, with transverse interambulacral articular structures (arrow); A5, madreporite (upper right) with two superomarginals (lower left) and paxillae (lower right); A6, paxillae, arrow points to basal flange that separates papulary? re−entrants; to the left of the arrow is a paxilla with pustules for accessory spinelets; madreporite partially illustrated below; A7, upper surface, distal right, arrow points to right branch of ambulacrals of buccal slit. B. PIN 4125/767; B1, ambulacrals (above) and adambulacrals (below), the latter pushed against the ambulacrals and offset from the paired life position; left arrow points to nose of adambulacral and adambulacral−ambulacral facet; a skeletal gap is lateral to the nose. Re−entrants of two left ambulacrals suggest podial pores, these re−entrants lacking from ambulacrals at right; right arrow points to a superomarginal; B2, two partially exposed inferomarginals, dorsal view (arrow points to left IM); two ambulacrals below; B3, ventral view; upper arrow is an inferomarginal, lower arrow at a nose of an adambulacral; C. PIN 4125/768; C1, dorsal view, ambulacrals (above), those to left suggest podial pores, putative pores absent to right; superomarginals (left arrow), intermarginals (right arrow) with inferomarginals barely visible at lower edge, scattered paxillae above superomarginals; C2, ventral view, inferomarginals along lower margin, adambulacrals above these with nose directed toward axial furrow. Scale bars: A1, 3 mm; all others, 1 mm.
Fig. 11 in Bioerosion in shell beds from the Pliocene Roussillon Basin, France: Implications for the (macro)bioerosion ichnofacies model
Fig. 11. Bioerosion ichnoassemblages from several localities and ages that can be assigned to the Gnathichnus ichnofacies. Grey boxes indicate presence. Ichnotaxa abbreviations: Ca, Caulostrepsis; Ce, Centrichnus; Ci, Circolites; Ds, durophagous scars; En, Entobia; Fe, Feldmannia; Ga, Gastrochaenolites; Gn, Gnathichnus; Ir, Iranema; Le, Leptichnus; Ma, Maeandropolydora; Oi, Oichnus; Pi, Pinaceocladichnus; Po, Podichnus; Ra, Radulichnus; Re, Renichnus; Ro, Rogerella; Tr, Trypanites. Substrate abbreviations: sg., shellground; hg., hardground.
Fig. 9. Other trace fossils from Nefiach, Pliocene. A in Bioerosion in shell beds from the Pliocene Roussillon Basin, France: Implications for the (macro)bioerosion ichnofacies model
Fig. 9. Other trace fossils from Nefiach, Pliocene. A. Centrichnus cf. eccentricus beside an specimen of the foraminiferan tracemaker, Dyocibicides biserialis, still attached, JMC−UB/I−0103. B. Another specimen of C. cf. eccentricus, JMC−UB/I−0103. C. Pinaceocladichnus, a bryozoan boring, in a pectinid valve, JMC−UB/I−0107. D. Oichnus simplex on an oyster shell, JMC−UB/I−0108. E. Repaired scars produced by durophagous attacks in a pectivid valve, JMC−UB/I−0102.
Fig. 8. Sponge borings from Nefiach, Pliocene. A in Bioerosion in shell beds from the Pliocene Roussillon Basin, France: Implications for the (macro)bioerosion ichnofacies model
Fig. 8. Sponge borings from Nefiach, Pliocene. A. Oyster shell with Entobia, JMC−UB/I−0106. B. X−radiography of the same specimen displaying the structure of the sponge boring and revealing the presence of a Caulostrepsis taeniola. C. Detail of Entobia apertures in the same specimen.
Fig. 2 in Bioerosion in shell beds from the Pliocene Roussillon Basin, France: Implications for the (macro)bioerosion ichnofacies model
Fig. 2. Field appearance of the shell beds at Nefiach. A. View of the interval that includes several shell beds. B, C. Details of the shell beds showing the concordant attitude of the shells.
Fig. 5. Mollusc grazing traces Radulichnus inopinatus from Nefiach, Pliocene. A in Bioerosion in shell beds from the Pliocene Roussillon Basin, France: Implications for the (macro)bioerosion ichnofacies model
Fig. 5. Mollusc grazing traces Radulichnus inopinatus from Nefiach, Pliocene. A. Inner surface of a pectinid valve with areas covered by Radulichnus (A1) and detail of the specimen (A2), displaying the arrangement of scratches in groups, JMC−UB/I−0103. B. Oyster shell with dense patches of Radulichnus (B1) and sculpture resulting from pervasive, deep Radulichnus bioerosion (B2), JMC−UB/I−0098. Scale bars 1 mm.
Fig. 4. Diacrodian acritarch Lusatia dendroidea Burmann, 1970 in Late Cambrian acritarch Lusatia: Taxonomy, palaeogeography, and biostratigraphic implications
Fig. 4. Diacrodian acritarch Lusatia dendroidea Burmann, 1970 emended + herein. Upper Cambrian, El Fabar tunnel, Cantabrian Zone, Spain. All specimens from sample Tun−Filocar. For each illustrated specimen slide number, repository number, and England Finder Graticule are given. All specimens with three processes. A. Stub LU2, MGM−1080K, R42; specimen with subtriangular vesicle (A1), detail of branching of antapical process, with curly terminations (A2). B. Slide ›10/1, MGM−1081K, N36/3, specimen with thick−walled vesicle and excystement by median split. C. Slide II/1, MGM−1082K, P29, specimen showing base of processes slightly constricted simulating a sort of plug. D. Slide ›10/1, MGM−1083K, U44/4, specimen with darker central area extending as a spine into the base of the processes. E. Stub 6, MGM−1084K, O45, specimen with an auxiliary filament. F. Slide ›10/1, MGM−1085K, M28, specimen with a thick−walled vesicle and distal loop of apical process. G. Slide ›10/1, MGM−1086K, E44. H. Slide ›10/3, MGM−1087K, P30/4, specimen with a thick−walled vesicle and excystement by median split.
Fig. 2. A in Late Cambrian acritarch Lusatia: Taxonomy, palaeogeography, and biostratigraphic implications
Fig. 2. A. Map of the October Revolution Island, Severnaya Zemlya Archipelago showing position of the fossil locality (star). B. A summary lithological column (B) with stratigraphic position of the horizon yielding the studied acritarchs (asterisk).
Fig. 1. A in Late Cambrian acritarch Lusatia: Taxonomy, palaeogeography, and biostratigraphic implications
Fig. 1. A. Map of the Asturian coast showing position of El Fabar fossil locality (star). B. A summary lithological column with stratigraphic position of the acritarch yielding sample (Tun−Filocar, asterisk).
Fig. 6 in Late Cambrian acritarch Lusatia: Taxonomy, palaeogeography, and biostratigraphic implications
Fig. 6. Late Cambrian palaeogeographic map (based on Scotese 2002). Numbers on the map refer to the known locations where Lusatia dendroidea has been recorded. 1, Jaroslav region, Russia (Volkova 1990); 2, Eastern Newfoundland, Canada (Parsons and Anderson 2000); 3, October Revolution Island, Severnaya Zemlya Archipelago (Raevskaya and Golubkova 2006); 4, Cantabrian zone, Spain (Albani et al. 2006); 5, Rocroi Massif, France (Ribecai and Vanguestaine 1993); 6, Sardinia, Italy (Ribecai et al. 2005); 7, Saxo−Thuringia, Germany (Burmann 1970); 8, Oman (Molyneux et al. 2004).
Fig. 1. A in Bioerosion in shell beds from the Pliocene Roussillon Basin, France: Implications for the (macro)bioerosion ichnofacies model
Fig. 1. A. Geological map of the Roussillon Basin, modified from Clauzon et al. (1987). B. Stratigraphic section of the Pliocene at Nefiach.
Fig. 6 in Bioerosion in shell beds from the Pliocene Roussillon Basin, France: Implications for the (macro)bioerosion ichnofacies model
Fig. 6. Different morphologies of the modular unit of grazing traces produced by a species of polyplacophoran and several species of gastropods. Only those produced by polyplacophorans and patellogastropods (white boxes) are likely to be preserved as fossils, because other groups bear unmineralized radulae. Figures redrawn from Jüch and Boekschoten (1980; L. cinereus and L. littorea), Thompson et al. (1997; P. vulgata, C. zizyphinum, Gibbula sp., and L. obtusata), Forrest et al. (2001; C. tramoserica and B. nanum), and Reyes et al. (2001; T. atra, F. peruviana, and L. ceciliana). In all cases, the direction of movement of the tracemaker would be towards the top of the page.
Fig. 7. Polychaete borings from Nefiach, Pliocene. A in Bioerosion in shell beds from the Pliocene Roussillon Basin, France: Implications for the (macro)bioerosion ichnofacies model
Fig. 7. Polychaete borings from Nefiach, Pliocene. A. Single specimen of Caulostrepsis taeniola on an oyster valve, JMC−UB/I−0104. B. Oyster valve with numerous Caulostrepsis taeniola borings arranged following growth lines (B1) and detail of the borings (B2), JMC−UB/I−0105. C. Maeandropolydora sulcans in a pectinid shell, JMC−UB/I−0096. Scale bars 10 mm.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
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