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Subspecies and Distribution. pos sagitta Pallas, 1773 — S Russia (Altai Krai) and right bank of Irtysh River in Kazakhstan (Pavlodar and East Kazakhstan regions). D.s.aksuensisWangSung,1964—NWChina(NTarimBasininXinjiang). D.s.austrouralensisShenbrot,1991—NWKazakhstan(WestKazakhstan,Atyrau,andAktoberegionsbetweenUralandEmbarivers). D.s.bulganensisShenbrot,1991—EKazakhstan(ELakeZaysaninEastKazakhstanRegion),NWChina(DzungarianBasininXinjiang),andMongolia(SKhovdandSWGovi-Altai). D.s.deasyiBarret-Hamilton,1900—NWChina(STarimBasininXinjiangandS&WQaidamBasininQinghai). D. s. fuscocanus Wang Sung, 1964 — W China (S foothills of E Tian Shan in Xinjiang). D. s. halli Sowerby, 1920 — China (NE Inner Mongolia [= Nei Mongol], SW Heilongjiang, NWJilin, and N Liaoning) and SE Mongolia (Stikhbaatar). D. s. innae Ognev, 1930 — S Russia (Astrakhan Region E of Volga River) and NW Kazakhstan (West Kazakhstan and Atyrau regions W of Ural River). D. s. lagopus Lichtenstein, 1823 — WC Kazakhstan (E of Emba and N of Syrdarya rivers). D. s. megacranius Shenbrot, 1991 — SE Kazakhstan (Moinkum Sands in Jambyl Region). D. s. nogai Satunin, 1907 — S European Russia (Volgograd and Astrakhan regions E of Volga River, Kalmykia, and Dagestan). D. s. sowerbyi Thomas, 1908 — N China (NE Xinjiang, N Qaidam Basin in Qinghai, Gansu, SW Inner Mongolia, N Ningxia, and N Shaanxi) and Mongolia. D. s. turanicus Shenbrot, 1991 — SW Kazakhstan (S Kyzylorda S of Syrdarya River and Mangystau regions), Uzbekistan, and Turkmenistan; it probably occurs in adjacent W Afghanistan. D. s. ubsanensis Bannikov, 1947 — NW Mongolia (N Uvs) and adjacent Russia (extreme S Tuva). D. s. usuni Shenbrot, 1991 — SE Kazakhstan (Almaty Region); it probably occurs in adjacent China (sands of Ili Valley of W Xinjiang). D. s. zaissanensis Selevin, 1934 — E Kazakhstan (NW Lake Zaysan Basin on the left bank of Irtysh River). Isolated population in N Iran (Turan Desert in E Semnan Province) may belong to turanicus or correspond to a yet undescribed subspecies. in Dipodidae

Subspecies and Distribution. pos sagitta Pallas, 1773 — S Russia (Altai Krai) and right bank of Irtysh River in Kazakhstan (Pavlodar and East Kazakhstan regions). D.s.aksuensisWangSung,1964—NWChina(NTarimBasininXinjiang). D.s.austrouralensisShenbrot,1991—NWKazakhstan(WestKazakhstan,Atyrau,andAktoberegionsbetweenUralandEmbarivers). D.s.bulganensisShenbrot,1991—EKazakhstan(ELakeZaysaninEastKazakhstanRegion),NWChina(DzungarianBasininXinjiang),andMongolia(SKhovdandSWGovi-Altai). D.s.deasyiBarret-Hamilton,1900—NWChina(STarimBasininXinjiangandS&WQaidamBasininQinghai). D. s. fuscocanus Wang Sung, 1964 — W China (S foothills of E Tian Shan in Xinjiang). D. s. halli Sowerby, 1920 — China (NE Inner Mongolia [= Nei Mongol], SW Heilongjiang, NWJilin, and N Liaoning) and SE Mongolia (Stikhbaatar). D. s. innae Ognev, 1930 — S Russia (Astrakhan Region E of Volga River) and NW Kazakhstan (West Kazakhstan and Atyrau regions W of Ural River). D. s. lagopus Lichtenstein, 1823 — WC Kazakhstan (E of Emba and N of Syrdarya rivers). D. s. megacranius Shenbrot, 1991 — SE Kazakhstan (Moinkum Sands in Jambyl Region). D. s. nogai Satunin, 1907 — S European Russia (Volgograd and Astrakhan regions E of Volga River, Kalmykia, and Dagestan). D. s. sowerbyi Thomas, 1908 — N China (NE Xinjiang, N Qaidam Basin in Qinghai, Gansu, SW Inner Mongolia, N Ningxia, and N Shaanxi) and Mongolia. D. s. turanicus Shenbrot, 1991 — SW Kazakhstan (S Kyzylorda S of Syrdarya River and Mangystau regions), Uzbekistan, and Turkmenistan; it probably occurs in adjacent W Afghanistan. D. s. ubsanensis Bannikov, 1947 — NW Mongolia (N Uvs) and adjacent Russia (extreme S Tuva). D. s. usuni Shenbrot, 1991 — SE Kazakhstan (Almaty Region); it probably occurs in adjacent China (sands of Ili Valley of W Xinjiang). D. s. zaissanensis Selevin, 1934 — E Kazakhstan (NW Lake Zaysan Basin on the left bank of Irtysh River). Isolated population in N Iran (Turan Desert in E Semnan Province) may belong to turanicus or correspond to a yet undescribed subspecies.

FIGURE 4 in Advertisement call of Hyloxalus vergeli (Anura: Dendrobatidae) from the interandean Magdalena valley of Colombia

FIGURE 4. Phylogenetic position and spectrogram of their advertisement call of Hyloxalus species from the subpunctatus and bocagei groups, based on the phylogenetic tree by Grant et al. (2017). Considering the polyphyletic condition of H. sauli, the advertisement call is displayed for the museum specimen from the same locality (Ecuador, Provincia Orellana, Parque Nacional Yasuní) than the call recorded. Bottom chart includes the calls of H. felixcopedai (a sister species of H. subpunctatus MUJ-5212) and H arliensis (an Hyloxalus located in a similar distribution in the Magdalena valley).

FIGURE 1 in Advertisement call of Hyloxalus vergeli (Anura: Dendrobatidae) from the interandean Magdalena valley of Colombia

FIGURE 1. Dorsal and lateral view of the Hyloxalus vergeli specimen collected at the Ecoreserva La Tribuna, Vereda Tamarindo, Neiva, Huila, Colombia on December 2020. IAvH-Am-16706, SVL = 21.3 mm. Photos: Felipe Villegas/Instituto Humboldt.

FIGURE 3 in Advertisement call of Hyloxalus vergeli (Anura: Dendrobatidae) from the interandean Magdalena valley of Colombia

FIGURE 3. Effect size of the differences among three acoustic measurements of Hyloxalus vergeli and other Hyloxalus spp. Dashed black and gray lines reflect the central value for H. vergeli and the pooled mean effect size for all the other species of Hyloxalus compared. Overall comparison shows the mean effect size and confidence intervals (95%) of the pooled variation among the Hyloxalus spp., after a bootstrapping resampling with 1000 iterations. Single notes are represented by a ('), while paired notes by a (") after the specific epitet of the Hyloxalus spp.

FIGURE 2 in Advertisement call of Hyloxalus vergeli (Anura: Dendrobatidae) from the interandean Magdalena valley of Colombia

FIGURE 2. Spectrogram (top) and oscillogram (bottom) of a serie of calls (left) and a detailed pair of notes (right) of the advertisement call of Hyloxalus vergeli recorded at the Ecoreserva la Tribuna, Vereda Tamarindo, Neiva Municipality, Huila, Colombia.

Distribution. SW Pakistan, only know from Balochistan Province (NE of Quetta, Urak Valley, and from one mile E of Ziarat). in Gliridae

Distribution. SW Pakistan, only know from Balochistan Province (NE of Quetta, Urak Valley, and from one mile E of Ziarat).

Subspecies and Distribution. T.t.townsendBachman,1839—SnakeRiverdrainageinIdahoandECOregon,USA. T. t. nevadensis Merriam, 1897 — Humboldt and Quinn River drainages in Nevada and SE Oregon, and Honey Lake Valley in N California, USA. in Geomyidae

Subspecies and Distribution. T.t.townsendBachman,1839—SnakeRiverdrainageinIdahoandECOregon,USA. T. t. nevadensis Merriam, 1897 — Humboldt and Quinn River drainages in Nevada and SE Oregon, and Honey Lake Valley in N California, USA.

Distribution. Mexican endemic, patchily distributed in the S part of the Valley of Mexico (Sierra de Las Cruces, Sierra de Ajusco, Popocatéptl and Iztaccthutl Mts, and from Lerma at the E Toluca Valley E into W Puebla). in Geomyidae

Distribution. Mexican endemic, patchily distributed in the S part of the Valley of Mexico (Sierra de Las Cruces, Sierra de Ajusco, Popocatéptl and Iztaccthutl Mts, and from Lerma at the E Toluca Valley E into W Puebla).

Subspecies and Distribution. D.p.panamintinusMerriam,1894—SWUSA(restricteddistributioninthePanamintMtsoftheMojaveDesertinSECalifornia). D.p.argusensisHuey,1945—SWUSA(restricteddistributionintheArgusMtsoftheMojaveDesertinSECalifornia). D.p.caudatusHall,1946—SWUSA(ProvidenceMtsregionoftheMojaveDesertinSECaliforniaandadjacentSNevada). D.p.leucogenysGrinnell,1919—SWUSA(WedgeoftheGreatBasinDesertinECali-forniaandWNevada). D. p. mohavensis Grinnell, 1918 — SW USA (Owens Valley to Antelope Valley of the Mojave Desert of SC California). in Heteromyidae

Subspecies and Distribution. D.p.panamintinusMerriam,1894—SWUSA(restricteddistributioninthePanamintMtsoftheMojaveDesertinSECalifornia). D.p.argusensisHuey,1945—SWUSA(restricteddistributionintheArgusMtsoftheMojaveDesertinSECalifornia). D.p.caudatusHall,1946—SWUSA(ProvidenceMtsregionoftheMojaveDesertinSECaliforniaandadjacentSNevada). D.p.leucogenysGrinnell,1919—SWUSA(WedgeoftheGreatBasinDesertinECali-forniaandWNevada). D. p. mohavensis Grinnell, 1918 — SW USA (Owens Valley to Antelope Valley of the Mojave Desert of SC California).

Subspecies and Distribution. D.h.heermanniLeConte,1853—WUSA(NESanJoaquinValley,CCalifornia). D.h.arenaeBoulware,1943—WUSA(CoastRangesofSanLuisObispoandSantaBarbaracounties,SWCalifornia). D.h.berkeleyensisGrinnell,1919—WUSA(hillsandvalleysEofSanFranciscoBay,WCCalifornia). D.h.dixon:Grinnell,1919—WUSA(EmarginoftheSanJoaquinValley,CCali-fornia). D.h.goldman:Merriam,1904—WUSA(PacificcoastandslopeoftheCoastRang-es,SWCalifornia). D.h.jolonensisGrinnell,1919—WUSA(SalinasValleyalongthePacificcoast,SWCalifornia). D.h.morroensisMerriam,1907—WUSA(restricteddistributionalongMorroBay,SWCalifornia),butmaybeextinct. D.h.swarthiGrinnell,1919—WUSA(SWmarginoftheSanJoaquinValley,CarrizoPlain,andCuyamaValley,SWCalifornia). D. h. tularensis Merriam, 1904 — W USA (floor of San Joaquin Valley to foothills of the Tehachapi and Temblor ranges, SC California). in Heteromyidae

Subspecies and Distribution. D.h.heermanniLeConte,1853—WUSA(NESanJoaquinValley,CCalifornia). D.h.arenaeBoulware,1943—WUSA(CoastRangesofSanLuisObispoandSantaBarbaracounties,SWCalifornia). D.h.berkeleyensisGrinnell,1919—WUSA(hillsandvalleysEofSanFranciscoBay,WCCalifornia). D.h.dixon:Grinnell,1919—WUSA(EmarginoftheSanJoaquinValley,CCali-fornia). D.h.goldman:Merriam,1904—WUSA(PacificcoastandslopeoftheCoastRang-es,SWCalifornia). D.h.jolonensisGrinnell,1919—WUSA(SalinasValleyalongthePacificcoast,SWCalifornia). D.h.morroensisMerriam,1907—WUSA(restricteddistributionalongMorroBay,SWCalifornia),butmaybeextinct. D.h.swarthiGrinnell,1919—WUSA(SWmarginoftheSanJoaquinValley,CarrizoPlain,andCuyamaValley,SWCalifornia). D. h. tularensis Merriam, 1904 — W USA (floor of San Joaquin Valley to foothills of the Tehachapi and Temblor ranges, SC California).

Distribution. SW USA (restricted distribution in the San Jacinto Valley and adjacent lowlands, and a disjunct population near Warner Springs in SW California). in Heteromyidae

Distribution. SW USA (restricted distribution in the San Jacinto Valley and adjacent lowlands, and a disjunct population near Warner Springs in SW California).

Subspecies and Distribution. D. m. microps Merriam, 1904 — SW USA (Owens River drainage of W Mojave Desert, S California). D. m. alfredi Goldman, 1937 — W USA (Gunnison I, Great Salt Lake, Utah). D. m. aquilonius Willett, 1935 — W USA (lower elevations of the Great Basin Desert of NE California and NW Nevada). D. m. bonneuvillei Goldman, 1937 — W USA (Great Basin Desert of NE Nevada and NW Utah, corresponding closely with the former outline of Pleistocene Lake Bonneville). D. m. celsus Goldman, 1924 — SW USA (possibly disjunct distribution in Virgin River Valley of SW Utah and adjacent NW Arizona). D. m. centralis Hall & Dale, 1939 — W USA (Great Basin Desert of C & E Nevada). D. m. idahoensis Hall & Dale, 1939 — W USA (restricted to the Snake River Valley, SW Idaho). D. m. leucotis Goldman, 1931 — SW USA (restricted distribution between the Vermilion Cliffs and the brink of Marble Canyon of the Colorado River in N Arizona). D. m. levipes Merriam, 1904 — SW USA (restricted to Panamint Valley, S California). D. m. occidentalis Hall & Dale, 1939 — SW USA (Great Basin Desert in W & S Nevada and disjunct, restricted populations in the W Mojave Desert, SE California). D. m. preblei Goldman, 1921 — W USA (Great Basin Desert of SE Oregon and NW Nevada). D. m. russeolus Goldman, 1939 — W USA (Dolphin I, Great Salt Lake, Utah). D. m. subtenuis Goldman, 1939 -W USA (Badger, Carrington, and Stansbury Is, Great Salt Lake, and S on the mainland to Cedar Valley, NC Utah). in Heteromyidae

Subspecies and Distribution. D. m. microps Merriam, 1904 — SW USA (Owens River drainage of W Mojave Desert, S California). D. m. alfredi Goldman, 1937 — W USA (Gunnison I, Great Salt Lake, Utah). D. m. aquilonius Willett, 1935 — W USA (lower elevations of the Great Basin Desert of NE California and NW Nevada). D. m. bonneuvillei Goldman, 1937 — W USA (Great Basin Desert of NE Nevada and NW Utah, corresponding closely with the former outline of Pleistocene Lake Bonneville). D. m. celsus Goldman, 1924 — SW USA (possibly disjunct distribution in Virgin River Valley of SW Utah and adjacent NW Arizona). D. m. centralis Hall & Dale, 1939 — W USA (Great Basin Desert of C & E Nevada). D. m. idahoensis Hall & Dale, 1939 — W USA (restricted to the Snake River Valley, SW Idaho). D. m. leucotis Goldman, 1931 — SW USA (restricted distribution between the Vermilion Cliffs and the brink of Marble Canyon of the Colorado River in N Arizona). D. m. levipes Merriam, 1904 — SW USA (restricted to Panamint Valley, S California). D. m. occidentalis Hall & Dale, 1939 — SW USA (Great Basin Desert in W & S Nevada and disjunct, restricted populations in the W Mojave Desert, SE California). D. m. preblei Goldman, 1921 — W USA (Great Basin Desert of SE Oregon and NW Nevada). D. m. russeolus Goldman, 1939 — W USA (Dolphin I, Great Salt Lake, Utah). D. m. subtenuis Goldman, 1939 -W USA (Badger, Carrington, and Stansbury Is, Great Salt Lake, and S on the mainland to Cedar Valley, NC Utah).

Subspecies and Distribution. D. m. merriami Mearns, 1890 — SW USA and NW Mexico (desert regions from N Nevada and extreme SW Utah, through SE California and SW Arizona, to NE Baja California and Sonora). D. m. ambiguus Merriam, 1890 — SW USA and NW Mexico (N portion of the Chihuahuan Desert from NC New Mexico and W Texas, through E Chihuahua and Coahuila, to NE Durango, N Zacatecas, and C Nuevo Leon). D. m. annulus Huey, 1951 — NW Mexico (coastal plains of the Gulf of California, SE Baja California). D. m. arenivagus Elliot, 1904 — SW USA and NW Mexico (S Mojave Desert of SC California and E of Sierra Juarez and Sierra San Pedro Martir to C Baja California). D. m. atronasus Merriam, 1894 — NC Mexico (southern portion of the Chihuahuan Desert from EC Zacatecas, SE Coahuila, and SW Nuevo Leon to Aguascalientes and San Luis Potosi). D. m. brunensis Huey, 1951 — NW Mexico (Gulf of California coast of NE Baja California Sur). D. m. collinus Lidicker, 1960 — SW USA (San Felipe, Earthquake, La Puerta, and Aguanga valleys of SW California). D. m. frenatus Bole, 1936 — SW USA (SW Utah and NW Arizona). D. m. insularis Merriam, 1907 — NW Mexico (San José I, Gulf of California, Baja California Sur). D. m. margaritae Merriam, 1907 — NW Mexico (Santa Margarita I, Baja California Sur). D. m. mayensis Goldman, 1928 — NW Mexico (Gulf of California coastal plains of S Sonora and N Sinaloa). D. m. melanurus Merriam, 1893 — NW Mexico (Magdalena Plains and Cape Region of S Baja California Sur). D. m. mitchelli Mearns, 1897 — NW Mexico (Tiburon I, Gulf of California, Sonora). D. m. olivaceus Swarth, 1929 — SW USA and NW Mexico (transitional zone between the Sonoran Desert of SE Arizona and NE Sonora, and the Chihuahuan Desert of SW New Mexico and NW Chihuahua). D. m. parvus Rhoads, 1894 — SW USA (San Bernardino and San Jacinto valleys of SW California). D. m. platycephalus Merriam, 1907 — NW Mexico (Pacific slope S of the Sierra San Pedro Martir, S Baja California to the Vizcaino Desert of N Baja California Sur). D. m. quintinensis Huey, 1951 — NW Mexico (San Quintin Plain, Pacific coast of NW Baja California). D. m. trinidadensis Huey, 1951 — SW USA and NW Mexico (S California and N Baja California). D. m. vulcani Benson, 1934 — SW USA (disjunct and restricted distribution in Toroweap Valley, NW Arizona). in Heteromyidae

Subspecies and Distribution. D. m. merriami Mearns, 1890 — SW USA and NW Mexico (desert regions from N Nevada and extreme SW Utah, through SE California and SW Arizona, to NE Baja California and Sonora). D. m. ambiguus Merriam, 1890 — SW USA and NW Mexico (N portion of the Chihuahuan Desert from NC New Mexico and W Texas, through E Chihuahua and Coahuila, to NE Durango, N Zacatecas, and C Nuevo Leon). D. m. annulus Huey, 1951 — NW Mexico (coastal plains of the Gulf of California, SE Baja California). D. m. arenivagus Elliot, 1904 — SW USA and NW Mexico (S Mojave Desert of SC California and E of Sierra Juarez and Sierra San Pedro Martir to C Baja California). D. m. atronasus Merriam, 1894 — NC Mexico (southern portion of the Chihuahuan Desert from EC Zacatecas, SE Coahuila, and SW Nuevo Leon to Aguascalientes and San Luis Potosi). D. m. brunensis Huey, 1951 — NW Mexico (Gulf of California coast of NE Baja California Sur). D. m. collinus Lidicker, 1960 — SW USA (San Felipe, Earthquake, La Puerta, and Aguanga valleys of SW California). D. m. frenatus Bole, 1936 — SW USA (SW Utah and NW Arizona). D. m. insularis Merriam, 1907 — NW Mexico (San José I, Gulf of California, Baja California Sur). D. m. margaritae Merriam, 1907 — NW Mexico (Santa Margarita I, Baja California Sur). D. m. mayensis Goldman, 1928 — NW Mexico (Gulf of California coastal plains of S Sonora and N Sinaloa). D. m. melanurus Merriam, 1893 — NW Mexico (Magdalena Plains and Cape Region of S Baja California Sur). D. m. mitchelli Mearns, 1897 — NW Mexico (Tiburon I, Gulf of California, Sonora). D. m. olivaceus Swarth, 1929 — SW USA and NW Mexico (transitional zone between the Sonoran Desert of SE Arizona and NE Sonora, and the Chihuahuan Desert of SW New Mexico and NW Chihuahua). D. m. parvus Rhoads, 1894 — SW USA (San Bernardino and San Jacinto valleys of SW California). D. m. platycephalus Merriam, 1907 — NW Mexico (Pacific slope S of the Sierra San Pedro Martir, S Baja California to the Vizcaino Desert of N Baja California Sur). D. m. quintinensis Huey, 1951 — NW Mexico (San Quintin Plain, Pacific coast of NW Baja California). D. m. trinidadensis Huey, 1951 — SW USA and NW Mexico (S California and N Baja California). D. m. vulcani Benson, 1934 — SW USA (disjunct and restricted distribution in Toroweap Valley, NW Arizona).

Subspecies and Distribution. D.n.nitratoidesMerriam,1894—SWUSA(flooroftheSanJoaquinValley,SCCali-fornia). D.n.brevinasusGrinnell,1920—SWUSA(W&EedgesoftheSanJoaquinValley,Pano-cheValley,CarrizoPlain,andupperCuyamaValley,SCCalifornia). D. n. exilis Merriam, 1894 — SW USA (a limited distribution on the floor of the N San Joaquin Valley, SC California). in Heteromyidae

Subspecies and Distribution. D.n.nitratoidesMerriam,1894—SWUSA(flooroftheSanJoaquinValley,SCCali-fornia). D.n.brevinasusGrinnell,1920—SWUSA(W&EedgesoftheSanJoaquinValley,Pano-cheValley,CarrizoPlain,andupperCuyamaValley,SCCalifornia). D. n. exilis Merriam, 1894 — SW USA (a limited distribution on the floor of the N San Joaquin Valley, SC California).

Subspecies and Distribution. P.i.inornatusMerriam,1889—WUSA(SacramentoandSanJoaquinvalleys,SWCalifornia). P.i.neglectusTaylor,1912—SWUSA(WedgeofSanJoaquinValleyfromSuisunBayStotheNWcorneroftheMojaveDesert,SWCalifornia). P. i. psammophilus von Bloeker, 1937 — SW USA (Salinas Valley in the S Coast Range, SW California). in Heteromyidae

Subspecies and Distribution. P.i.inornatusMerriam,1889—WUSA(SacramentoandSanJoaquinvalleys,SWCalifornia). P.i.neglectusTaylor,1912—SWUSA(WedgeofSanJoaquinValleyfromSuisunBayStotheNWcorneroftheMojaveDesert,SWCalifornia). P. i. psammophilus von Bloeker, 1937 — SW USA (Salinas Valley in the S Coast Range, SW California).

Subspecies and Distribution. P. l. longimembris Coues, 1875 — SW USA (Mojave Desert and Transverse Ranges, SW California). P. l. aestivus Huey, 1928 — NW Mexico (W base Sierra Juarez to Valle de la Trinidad, N Baja California). P.l. arizonensis Goldman, 1931 — SW USA (SC Utah and NC Arizona to SE Nevada). P. l.bangsi Mearns, 1898 — SW USA (W Colorado Desert of S California). P. l. bombycinus Osgood, 1907 — SW USA and NW Mexico (lower Colorado River Valley of SE California, SW Arizona, NE Baja California, and NW Sonora). P. l. brevinasus Osgood, 1900 — SW USA (arid coastal basins of SW California). P. l. gulosus Hall, 1941 — W USA (along the W margin of former Pleistocene Lake Bonneville in the Great Basin of E Nevada and W Utah). P. l. internationalis Huey, 1939 — SW USA and NW Mexico (SC California and adjacent NC Baja California). P. l. kinoensis Huey, 1935 — NW Mexico (disjunct and geographically restricted population along Bahia Kino, W Sonora), but may be extinct. P. l. nevadensis Merriam, 1894 — W USA (Great Basin of SE Oregon, NE California, and NC Nevada). P. l. pacificus Mearns, 1898 — SW USA (coastal plains of SW California to the USA-Mexico border). P. I. panamintinus Merriam, 1894 — SW USA (Great Basin of W Nevada and SE California). P. l. pimensis Huey, 1937 — SW USA (disjunct distribution in SC Arizona). P. l. salinensis Bole, 1937 — SW USA (restricted distribution in the Salinas Valley of SE California). P. l. tularensis Richardson, 1937 — SW USA (restricted distribution in the upper valley of the Kern River, SC California). P. l. venustus Huey, 1930 — NW Mexico (known only from the type locality of San Agustin, NC Baja California). in Heteromyidae

Subspecies and Distribution. P. l. longimembris Coues, 1875 — SW USA (Mojave Desert and Transverse Ranges, SW California). P. l. aestivus Huey, 1928 — NW Mexico (W base Sierra Juarez to Valle de la Trinidad, N Baja California). P.l. arizonensis Goldman, 1931 — SW USA (SC Utah and NC Arizona to SE Nevada). P. l.bangsi Mearns, 1898 — SW USA (W Colorado Desert of S California). P. l. bombycinus Osgood, 1907 — SW USA and NW Mexico (lower Colorado River Valley of SE California, SW Arizona, NE Baja California, and NW Sonora). P. l. brevinasus Osgood, 1900 — SW USA (arid coastal basins of SW California). P. l. gulosus Hall, 1941 — W USA (along the W margin of former Pleistocene Lake Bonneville in the Great Basin of E Nevada and W Utah). P. l. internationalis Huey, 1939 — SW USA and NW Mexico (SC California and adjacent NC Baja California). P. l. kinoensis Huey, 1935 — NW Mexico (disjunct and geographically restricted population along Bahia Kino, W Sonora), but may be extinct. P. l. nevadensis Merriam, 1894 — W USA (Great Basin of SE Oregon, NE California, and NC Nevada). P. l. pacificus Mearns, 1898 — SW USA (coastal plains of SW California to the USA-Mexico border). P. I. panamintinus Merriam, 1894 — SW USA (Great Basin of W Nevada and SE California). P. l. pimensis Huey, 1937 — SW USA (disjunct distribution in SC Arizona). P. l. salinensis Bole, 1937 — SW USA (restricted distribution in the Salinas Valley of SE California). P. l. tularensis Richardson, 1937 — SW USA (restricted distribution in the upper valley of the Kern River, SC California). P. l. venustus Huey, 1930 — NW Mexico (known only from the type locality of San Agustin, NC Baja California).

Subspecies and Distribution. H. p. pictus Thomas, 1893 — W, SW, S & SE Mexico (coast of S Nayarit to Chiapas, S Veracruz) and W Guatemala. H. p. annectens Merriam, 1902 — S Mexico (Sierra Madre del Sur of Guerrero and Oaxaca). H. p. hispidusJ. A. Allen, 1897 — NW and W Mexico (N Sonora to Nayarit and CJalisco). H. p. plantinarensis Merriam, 1902 — SC Mexico (interior basins and valleys of SE Jalisco, E Colima, C Michoacan, and N Guerrero). in Heteromyidae

Subspecies and Distribution. H. p. pictus Thomas, 1893 — W, SW, S & SE Mexico (coast of S Nayarit to Chiapas, S Veracruz) and W Guatemala. H. p. annectens Merriam, 1902 — S Mexico (Sierra Madre del Sur of Guerrero and Oaxaca). H. p. hispidusJ. A. Allen, 1897 — NW and W Mexico (N Sonora to Nayarit and CJalisco). H. p. plantinarensis Merriam, 1902 — SC Mexico (interior basins and valleys of SE Jalisco, E Colima, C Michoacan, and N Guerrero).

Subspecies and Distribution. P. f. flavus Baird, 1855 — SW USA and NC Mexico (SE Arizona, New Mexico, N & W Texas, and from NE Sonora and Chihuahua to NC Durango). P. f. bimaculatus Merriam, 1889 — SW USA (WC Arizona). P. f. bunkeri Cockrum, 1951 — SC USA (WC Great Plains of E Colorado, W Kansas, and W Oklahoma). P. f. fuliginosus Merriam, 1890 — SW USA (vicinity of San Francisco Mts and Mogollon Plateau, NC Arizona). P. f. fuscus S. Anderson, 1972 — NW Mexico (upper valley of the Rio Papigochic and watershed of the Laguna Bustillos, WC Chihuahua). P. f. goodpaster: Hoffmeister, 1956 — SW USA (restricted distribution on the Mogollon Plateau of EC Arizona). P. f. hopiensis Goldman, 1932 — SW USA (Four Corners region of SE Utah, SW Colorado, NE Arizona, and NW New Mexico). P. f. medius Baker, 1954 — NC Mexico (SE Durango, SE Coahuila, Zacatecas, W San Luis Potosi, Aguascalientes, NE Jalisco, and Guanajuato). P. f. mexicanus Merriam, 1894 — EC Mexico (Querétaro, Hidalgo, NE Michoacan, Puebla, Distrito Federal, Tlaxcala, WC Veracruz, and Morelos). P. f. pallescens Baker, 1954 — NE Mexico (SE Chihuahua, W Coahuila, and NE Durango). P. f. parviceps Baker, 1954 — WC Mexico (S Zacatecas and N Jalisco). P. f. piperi Goldman, 1917 — NC USA (N Great Plains of E Wyoming and W Nebraska). P. f. sanluisi Hill, 1952 — SW USA (San Luis Valley of SC Colorado). P. f. sonoriensis Nelson & Goldman, 1934 — NW Mexico (disjunct distribution in coastal plains of WC Sonora). in Heteromyidae

Subspecies and Distribution. P. f. flavus Baird, 1855 — SW USA and NC Mexico (SE Arizona, New Mexico, N & W Texas, and from NE Sonora and Chihuahua to NC Durango). P. f. bimaculatus Merriam, 1889 — SW USA (WC Arizona). P. f. bunkeri Cockrum, 1951 — SC USA (WC Great Plains of E Colorado, W Kansas, and W Oklahoma). P. f. fuliginosus Merriam, 1890 — SW USA (vicinity of San Francisco Mts and Mogollon Plateau, NC Arizona). P. f. fuscus S. Anderson, 1972 — NW Mexico (upper valley of the Rio Papigochic and watershed of the Laguna Bustillos, WC Chihuahua). P. f. goodpaster: Hoffmeister, 1956 — SW USA (restricted distribution on the Mogollon Plateau of EC Arizona). P. f. hopiensis Goldman, 1932 — SW USA (Four Corners region of SE Utah, SW Colorado, NE Arizona, and NW New Mexico). P. f. medius Baker, 1954 — NC Mexico (SE Durango, SE Coahuila, Zacatecas, W San Luis Potosi, Aguascalientes, NE Jalisco, and Guanajuato). P. f. mexicanus Merriam, 1894 — EC Mexico (Querétaro, Hidalgo, NE Michoacan, Puebla, Distrito Federal, Tlaxcala, WC Veracruz, and Morelos). P. f. pallescens Baker, 1954 — NE Mexico (SE Chihuahua, W Coahuila, and NE Durango). P. f. parviceps Baker, 1954 — WC Mexico (S Zacatecas and N Jalisco). P. f. piperi Goldman, 1917 — NC USA (N Great Plains of E Wyoming and W Nebraska). P. f. sanluisi Hill, 1952 — SW USA (San Luis Valley of SC Colorado). P. f. sonoriensis Nelson & Goldman, 1934 — NW Mexico (disjunct distribution in coastal plains of WC Sonora).

Subspecies and Distribution. P.f.flavescensMerriam,1889—CUSA(WCGreatPlains,SWSouthDakota,andSEWyomingtoEColoradoandSEKansas). P.f.apacheMerriam,1889—SWUSA(NEArizona,SEUtah). P.f.caryiGoldman,1918—SWUSA(E&SEUtah,W&SWColorado,NEArizona,andNW&CNewMexico). P.f.cockrumiHall,1954—SCUSA(CKansastoSCOklahoma). P.f.copeiRhoads,1894—SCUSA(WOklahoma,WTexas,andENewMexico). P.f.melanotisOsgood,1900—SWUSAandNMexico(SEArizona,CNewMexico,extremeWTexas,andNChihuahua). P.f.pernigerOsgood,1904—NCUSA(SENorthDakota,SWMinnesotatoNENebraskaandNWMissouri). P. f. relictus Goldman, 1938 — SW USA (San Luis Valley, SC Colorado). in Heteromyidae

Subspecies and Distribution. P.f.flavescensMerriam,1889—CUSA(WCGreatPlains,SWSouthDakota,andSEWyomingtoEColoradoandSEKansas). P.f.apacheMerriam,1889—SWUSA(NEArizona,SEUtah). P.f.caryiGoldman,1918—SWUSA(E&SEUtah,W&SWColorado,NEArizona,andNW&CNewMexico). P.f.cockrumiHall,1954—SCUSA(CKansastoSCOklahoma). P.f.copeiRhoads,1894—SCUSA(WOklahoma,WTexas,andENewMexico). P.f.melanotisOsgood,1900—SWUSAandNMexico(SEArizona,CNewMexico,extremeWTexas,andNChihuahua). P.f.pernigerOsgood,1904—NCUSA(SENorthDakota,SWMinnesotatoNENebraskaandNWMissouri). P. f. relictus Goldman, 1938 — SW USA (San Luis Valley, SC Colorado).

Distribution. Chile's Coastal Mountain Range in Cauquenes (Maule Region), Tomé (Bio Bio Region), and Nahuelbuta National Park (L.a Araucania Region) W of the Central Valley, and through the Chilean Andes from Banos de Cauquenes (O'Higgins Region) to Banos del Rio Blanco (La Araucania Region) and adjacent Argentina (Lanin National Park, Neuquén Province). Latitudinal range 34-40° S. in Octodontidae

Distribution. Chile's Coastal Mountain Range in Cauquenes (Maule Region), Tomé (Bio Bio Region), and Nahuelbuta National Park (L.a Araucania Region) W of the Central Valley, and through the Chilean Andes from Banos de Cauquenes (O'Higgins Region) to Banos del Rio Blanco (La Araucania Region) and adjacent Argentina (Lanin National Park, Neuquén Province). Latitudinal range 34-40° S.