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Adequate vitamin A liver stores estimated by the Modified-Relative Dose Response test are positively associated with breastfeeding but not vitamin A supplementation in Senegalese urban children 9-23 months old: a comparative cross-sectional study
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Vitamin A supplementation (VAS) in 6-59 month old children is recommended but its sustainability is currently questioned. In Senegal, data suggest that VAS should be maintained, but geographic and age-related specificities need to be addressed by gathering more evidence on the impact of this program. The objective of this comparative cross-sectional study, conducted in urban settings of Dakar, was to evaluate the effectiveness of VAS on vitamin A liver stores (VALS) among 9-23 month old children. The supplemented group (n = 119) received VAS (either 100 000 UI or 200 000 UI) 2 to 6 months before evaluation while the non-supplemented group (n = 110) had not received VAS during the past 6 months. VALS were assessed using the modified-relative dose response (MRDR) test. Serum retinol concentrations (SR) and biomarkers of subclinical inflammation were measured. Children's health-related data and feeding patterns were collected. Mean MRDR values (VAS: 0.030 ± 0.017, non-VAS: 0.028 ± 0.016, P = 0.39) and inflammation-adjusted SR (VAS: 1.34 ± 0.37, non-VAS: 1.3 ± 0.35, P = 0.51) of children were adequate. Low prevalence of VALS (VAS: 5.2%, non-VAS: 5.4%) and inflammation-adjusted VAD (VAS: 2.6%, non-VAS: 0.9%) were detected despite high presence of infections and inflammation. Children were mostly still being breastfed (VAS: 85.7%, non-VAS: 77.3%) and complementary feeding indicators were similar in both groups. Only breastfeeding was associated with VALS (adjusted OR = 0.24, 95% CI: 0.07-0.8, P = 0.02). Based on MRDR values, VAS was not related to improved VALS and SR as well as VAD reduction among these children with adequate VALS. Reinforcing breastfeeding advocacy and morbidity prevention/control are essential in this setting. Scaling-back VAS in this subpopulation should be examined regarding the risk of hypervitaminosis A. However, an evaluation of dietary VA intake sufficiency and a more quantitative assessment of VALS should be prior considered.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Data from: Vitamin D status and COVID-19 clinical outcomes in hospitalized patients
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><b>Context:</b> Populations severely affected by COVID-19 are also at risk for vitamin D deficiency. Common risk factors include older age, chronic illness, obesity, and non-Caucasian race. Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with risk for respiratory infections and failure, susceptibility and response to therapy for enveloped virus infection, and immune-mediated inflammatory reaction.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><b>Objective:</b> To test the hypothesis that 25-hydroxyvitamin D[25(OH)D] deficiency is a risk factor for severity of COVID-19 respiratory and inflammatory complications.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><b>Design:</b> We examined the relationship between retrospectively obtained prehospitalization 25(OH)D levels and COVID-19 clinical outcomes in 700 COVID-19 positive hospitalized patients.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><b>Primary Outcomes:</b> Discharge status, mortality, length of stay, intubation status, renal replacement</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><b>Secondary Outcomes: </b>Inflammatory markers</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><b>Results:</b> 25(OH)D levels were available in 93 patients [25(OH)D:25(IQR:17–33)ng/mL]. Compared to those without 25(OH)D levels, those with measurements did not differ in age, BMI or distribution of sex and race, but were more likely to have comorbidities. Those with 25(OH)D<20ng/mL (n=35) did not differ from those with 25(OH)D³20ng/mL in terms of age, sex, race, BMI, or comorbidities. Low 25(OH)D tended to be associated with younger age and lower frequency of preexisting pulmonary disease. There were no significant between-group differences in any outcome. Results were similar in those ³50years, in male/female-only cohorts, and when differing 25(OH)D thresholds were used (<15ng/ml and <30ng/ml). There was no relationship between 25(OH)D as a continuous variable and any outcome, even after controlling for age and pulmonary disease. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><b>Conclusions:</b> These preliminary data do not support a relationship between vitamin D status and COVID-19 clinical outcomes. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Changes in 25-(OH) vitamin D levels during the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak: lockdown-related effects and first-to-second wave difference.
<p>25-(OH)D concentrations dataset</p> <p> </p>
Data from: Cambrian origin of the CYP27C1-mediated vitamin A1-to-A2 switch, a key mechanism of vertebrate sensory plasticity
The spectral composition of ambient light varies across both space and time. Many species of jawed vertebrates adapt to this variation by tuning the sensitivity of their photoreceptors via the expression of CYP27C1, an enzyme that converts vitamin A1 into vitamin A2, thereby shifting the ratio of vitamin A1-based rhodopsin to red-shifted vitamin A2-based porphyropsin in the eye. Here, we show that the sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus), a jawless vertebrate that diverged from jawed vertebrates during the Cambrian period (approx. 500 Ma), dynamically shifts its photoreceptor spectral sensitivity via vitamin A1-to-A2 chromophore exchange as it transitions between photically divergent aquatic habitats. We further show that this shift correlates with high-level expression of the lamprey orthologue of CYP27C1, specifically in the retinal pigment epithelium as in jawed vertebrates. Our results suggest that the CYP27C1-mediated vitamin A1-to-A2 switch is an evolutionarily ancient mechanism of sensory plasticity that appeared not long after the origin of vertebrates.
Data from: Mathematical modelling of the vitamin C clock reaction
Chemical clock reactions are characterised by a relatively long induction period followed by a rapid `switchover' during which the concentration of a \emph{clock chemical} rises rapidly. In addition to their interest in chemistry education, these reactions are relevant to industrial and biochemical applications. A substrate-depletive, non-autocatalytic clock reaction involving household chemicals (vitamin C, iodine, hydrogen peroxide and starch) is modelled mathematically via a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations. Following dimensional analysis the model is analysed in the phase plane and via matched asymptotic expansions. Asymptotic approximations are found to agree closely with numerical solutions in the appropriate time regions. Asymptotic analysis also yields an approximate formula for the dependence of switchover time on initial concentrations and the rate of the slow reaction. This formula is tested via `kitchen sink chemistry' experiments, and is found to enable a good fit to experimental series varying in initial concentrations of both iodine and vitamin C. The vitamin C clock reaction provides an accessible model system for mathematical chemistry.
Data from: Genome-wide association study identifies vitamin B5 biosynthesis as a host specificity factor in Campylobacter
Genome-wide association studies have the potential to identify causal genetic factors underlying important phenotypes but have rarely been performed in bacteria. We present an association mapping method that takes into account the clonal population structure of bacteria and is applicable to both core and accessory genome variation. Campylobacter is a common cause of human gastroenteritis as a consequence of its proliferation in multiple farm animal species and its transmission via contaminated meat and poultry. We applied our association mapping method to identify the factors responsible for adaptation to cattle and chickens among 192 Campylobacter isolates from these and other host sources. Phylogenetic analysis implied frequent host switching but also showed that some lineages were strongly associated with particular hosts. A seven-gene region with a host association signal was found. Genes in this region were almost universally present in cattle but were frequently absent in isolates from chickens and wild birds. Three of the seven genes encoded vitamin B5 biosynthesis. We found that isolates from cattle were better able to grow in vitamin B5-depleted media and propose that this difference may be an adaptation to host diet.
Data from: Decreased brain levels of vitamin B12 in aging, autism and schizophrenia
Many studies indicate a crucial role for the vitamin B12 and folate-dependent enzyme methionine synthase (MS) in brain development and function, but vitamin B12 status in the brain across the lifespan has not been previously investigated. Vitamin B12 (cobalamin, Cbl) exists in multiple forms, including methylcobalamin (MeCbl) and adenosylcobalamin (AdoCbl), serving as cofactors for MS and methylmalonylCoA mutase, respectively. We measured levels of five Cbl species in postmortem human frontal cortex of 43 control subjects, from 19 weeks of fetal development through 80 years of age, and 12 autistic and 9 schizophrenic subjects. Total Cbl was significantly lower in older control subjects (> 60 yrs of age), primarily reflecting a >10-fold age-dependent decline in the level of MeCbl. Levels of inactive cyanocobalamin (CNCbl) were remarkably higher in fetal brain samples. In both autistic and schizophrenic subjects MeCbl and AdoCbl levels were more than 3-fold lower than age-matched controls. In autistic subjects lower MeCbl was associated with decreased MS activity and elevated levels of its substrate homocysteine (HCY). Low levels of the antioxidant glutathione (GSH) have been linked to both autism and schizophrenia, and both total Cbl and MeCbl levels were decreased in glutamate-cysteine ligase modulatory subunit knockout (GCLM-KO) mice, which exhibit low GSH levels. Thus our findings reveal a previously unrecognized decrease in brain vitamin B12 status across the lifespan that may reflect an adaptation to increasing antioxidant demand, while accelerated deficits due to GSH deficiency may contribute to neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders.
Data from: Paternal B vitamin intake is a determinant of growth, hepatic lipid metabolism and intestinal tumor volume in female Apc1638N mouse offspring
Background The importance of maternal nutrition to offspring health and risk of disease is well established. Emerging evidence suggests paternal diet may affect offspring health as well. Objective In the current study we sought to determine whether modulating pre-conception paternal B vitamin intake alters intestinal tumor formation in offspring. Additionally, we sought to identify potential mechanisms for the observed weight differential among offspring by profiling hepatic gene expression and lipid content. Methods Male Apc1638N mice (prone to intestinal tumor formation) were fed diets containing replete (control, CTRL), mildly deficient (DEF), or supplemental (SUPP) quantities of vitamins B2, B6, B12, and folate for 8 weeks before mating with control-fed wild type females. Wild type offspring were euthanized at weaning and hepatic gene expression profiled. Apc1638N offspring were fed a replete diet and euthanized at 28 weeks of age to assess tumor burden. Results No differences in intestinal tumor incidence or burden were found between male Apc1638N offspring of different paternal diet groups. Although in female Apc1638N offspring there were no differences in tumor incidence or multiplicity, a stepwise increase in tumor volume with increasing paternal B vitamin intake was observed. Interestingly, female offspring of SUPP and DEF fathers had a significantly lower body weight than those of CTRL fed fathers. Moreover, hepatic trigylcerides and cholesterol were elevated 3-fold in adult female offspring of SUPP fathers. Weanling offspring of the same fathers displayed altered expression of several key lipid-metabolism genes. Hundreds of differentially methylated regions were identified in the paternal sperm in response to DEF and SUPP diets. Aside from a few genes including Igf2, there was a striking lack of overlap between these genes differentially methylated in sperm and differentially expressed in offspring. Conclusions In this animal model, modulation of paternal B vitamin intake prior to mating alters offspring weight gain, lipid metabolism and tumor growth in a sex-specific fashion. These results highlight the need to better define how paternal nutrition affects the health of offspring.
DETERMINATION OF VITAMINS IN CARROTS AND THEIR BENEFICIAL EFFECTS ON HUMAN HEALTH
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raw data - The Efficacy of Calcium and Vitamin D3 Supplementation in Improving Pregnancy and Neonatal Outcomes
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Vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism of Chinese patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
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Association of Vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism with susceptibility and prognosis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in Chinese patients
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Figure 9 in All aspects of the toxic effects of lipopolysaccharide on rat liver and the protective effect of vitamin E and sodium selenite
Figure 9. LPS group with VE and SS in male rat liver, showing PCNA protein expression with immunohistochemical analysis. (a, b) LPS, (c) LPS + VE, (d) LPS + SS, and (e, f) LPS + SS + VE groups. Single arrow PCNA expression in the LPS, LPS and/or VE + SS groups show multiple apoptotic cells at 200×.
Figure 5 in All aspects of the toxic effects of lipopolysaccharide on rat liver and the protective effect of vitamin E and sodium selenite
Figure 5. Liver sections of LPS + VE-treated rats. (A) Showing ⇑: dilation of the sinusoids, *: necrosis, and ►: vacuolar degeneration; and (B) ↑↑: vascular congestion and ⇒: hemorrhage at 200×.
Figure 8 in All aspects of the toxic effects of lipopolysaccharide on rat liver and the protective effect of vitamin E and sodium selenite
Figure 8. Control, VE-, SS-, and VE + SS-treated rats, showing PCNA protein expression with immunohistochemical analysis in male rat liver. Single arrow PCNA expression in the group shows multiple apoptotic cells at 200×.
Dataset related to the poster entitled "Vitamin D3 deficiency disturbed immune response and respiratory function in the murine model of hypersensitivity pneumonitis"
<p><strong>The dataset contains the results presented on a poster presented at the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Hybrid Congress, 31 May – 3 June 2024, Valencia, Spain<br><br></strong></p> <p><em>Project title</em><strong>:</strong> "Assessment of the possibility of using vitamin D3 in the prevention and treatment of pulmonary fibrosis in the course of hypersensitivity pneumonitis - <em>in vivo</em> studies"</p> <p><em>Founder</em><strong>: </strong>National Scientific Center, Poland</p> <p><em>Project number</em><strong>:</strong> UMO-2020/38/E/NZ7/00366</p> <p><em>Principal Investigator</em>: Marta Kinga Lemieszek</p> <p><em>Main investigators:</em><strong> </strong>Michał Chojnacki, Ilona Leśniowska, Jakub Anisiewicz</p> <p><em>Place of project implementation</em><strong>:</strong> Department of Medical Biology, Institute of Rural Health, Jaczewskiego 2, 20-090 Lublin, Poland</p>
Supplementary material 1 from: Abu-Samak MS, Hasoun LZ, Barham A, Mohammad BA, Mosleh I, Aljaberi A, Awwad SH (2021) The supplementary effects of omega-3 fatty acid alone and in a combination with vitamin D3 on serum leptin levels: A randomized clinical trial on men and women with vitamin D deficiency. Pharmacia 68(3): 517-525. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.68.e64422
Supplemental tables
Figure 1 from: Abu-Samak MS, Hasoun LZ, Barham A, Mohammad BA, Mosleh I, Aljaberi A, Awwad SH (2021) The supplementary effects of omega-3 fatty acid alone and in a combination with vitamin D3 on serum leptin levels: A randomized clinical trial on men and women with vitamin D deficiency. Pharmacia 68(3): 517-525. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.68.e64422
Figure 1 CONSORT flow diagram for the study, indicating the number of subjects screened, recruited, and randomly assigned to the different intervention groups.
Solution, Crystal and in Silico Structures of the Organometallic Vitamin B12-Derivative Acetylcobalamin and of its Novel Rhodium- Analogue Acetylrhodibalamin
<p>Cartesian coordinate files of all calculated structures discussed in the publication.</p>
Supplementary analysis 2 for Vitamin D status during adolescence and the impact of lifestyle changes – two years follow-up from the Fit Futures Study
<p>Supplementary analysis 2: multiple regression model excluding those with recent UV-exposure.</p>
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