Find research datasets worth reusing
Search datasets from major research repositories and use ShareScore to quickly assess how well each record supports discovery, access, and reuse.
6,030
datasets available to search
ShareScore release 0.9.0
Dataset results
6,030 results for “Caving”
FIGURE 4 in Two new species of Fauveliopsidae (Annelida, Sedentaria) from submarine caves and deep sea, Japan
FIGURE 4. Papillae of the new species. (A) body papilla of Fauveliopsis antri sp. nov. (B) genital papilla of Laubieriopsis soyoae sp. nov. Scale bars = 5 μm (A); 125 μm (B).
FIGURE 8 in Macedomeris, a new monotypic doderiinine genus (Diplopoda, Glomerida) from a cave in North Macedonia, Balkan Peninsula
FIGURE 8. Macedomeris ivoi gen. et sp. nov., paratype male (IZB). A. Leg-pair 17, anterior view. B. Left leg 18, anterior view (flipped). C. Telopods, posterior view. D. Telopods, anterior view. Abbreviations: h: syncoxital horn; sc: syncoxite; sl: syncoxital median lobe; t1: telopoditomere 1 (prefemur); t2: telopoditomere 2 (femur); t3: telopoditomere 3 (tibia); t4: telopoditomere 4 (tarsus). Scale bar: 0.3 mm.
FIGURE 9 in Macedomeris, a new monotypic doderiinine genus (Diplopoda, Glomerida) from a cave in North Macedonia, Balkan Peninsula
FIGURE 9. Type locality and habitus in situ of Macedomeris ivoi gen. et sp. nov. A. In front of the Mlečnik Cave. B. Entrance of the Mlečnik Cave. C. Small chamber where specimens were found. D–F. Future holotype male on cave popcorn. G. Future paratype female I on cave popcorn. H. Future paratype female I, disturbed and coiled. Photo credit: A, D, E. Dragan Antić, B, C, F–H. Marjan Komnenov.
FIGURE 6 in Macedomeris, a new monotypic doderiinine genus (Diplopoda, Glomerida) from a cave in North Macedonia, Balkan Peninsula
FIGURE 6. Macedomeris ivoi gen. et sp. nov., paratype male (IZB). A. Right side of the head, anterior view. B. Labrum, dorsal view. C. Right mandible, ventral view. D. Right mandible, dorsal view. E. Left mandible, mesal view. F. Gnathochilarium, ventral view. Abbreviations: co: condylus; et: extrenal tooth; it: inner tooth; mg: groove; mp: molar plate; pl: pectinate lamellae. White arrows indicate vestigial ommatidia. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A, B), 0.2 mm (F), 0.1 mm (C–E).
FIGURE 7 in Macedomeris, a new monotypic doderiinine genus (Diplopoda, Glomerida) from a cave in North Macedonia, Balkan Peninsula
FIGURE 7. Macedomeris ivoi gen. et sp. nov. (IZB). A. Paratype male, right leg 1, posterior view. B. Paratype male, right leg 2, posterior view. C. Paratype female I, vulvae, posterior view. D. Paratype subadult male, leg-pair 17, anterior view. E. Paratype subadult male, leg-pair 18, anterior view. F. Paratype subadult male, telopods, anterior view. G. Paratype male, telopods, anterior view. H. Paratype male, left leg 9, anterior view. Abbreviations: gp: gonopore; h: syncoxital horn; rs: receptaculum seminis; sc: syncoxite; sl: syncoxital median lobe; t1: telopoditomere 1 (prefemur); t2: telopoditomere 2 (femur); t3: telopoditomere 3 (tibia); t4: telopoditomere 4 (tarsus). Scale bars: 0.3 mm (G), 0.2 mm (A–F, H).
FIGURE 5 in Macedomeris, a new monotypic doderiinine genus (Diplopoda, Glomerida) from a cave in North Macedonia, Balkan Peninsula
FIGURE 5. Macedomeris ivoi gen. et sp. nov. (IZB) A. Paratype subadult male, habitus, lateral view. B. Paratype female I, head, anterior view. C. Paratype female I, head and thoracic shield, anterolateral view. D. Paratype male, collum, dorsal view. E. Holotype male, collum, dorsal view. F. Paratype female I, thoracic shield, left lateral view. G. Paratype female II, right side of the head, anterior view. H. Paratype female II, left thoracic pit, lateral view. I. Holotype male, anal shield, posterior view. Abbreviations: as: anal shield; c: collum; to: organ of Tömösváry; ts: thoracic shield; r1, r2, r3: ridges on collum and thoracic shield; r2a, r2b: parts of thoracic r2; the numbers indicate tergites. White arrows indicate sclerotized nodules in C or vestigial ommatidia in G. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A–F, H, I), 0.1 mm (G).
FIGURE 4 in Macedomeris, a new monotypic doderiinine genus (Diplopoda, Glomerida) from a cave in North Macedonia, Balkan Peninsula
FIGURE 4. Macedomeris ivoi gen. et sp. nov., habitus, lateral view. A. Paratype female II (IZB). B. Paratype male (IZB). Scale bars: 0.5 mm.
FIGURE 3 in Macedomeris, a new monotypic doderiinine genus (Diplopoda, Glomerida) from a cave in North Macedonia, Balkan Peninsula
FIGURE 3. Macedomeris ivoi gen. et sp. nov., paratype female I (IZB), coiled habitus. A. Right lateral view. B. Left lateral view. C. Midbody tergites, dorsal view. D. Thoracic schield, tergite 3 and anal shield. Abbreviations: r1: marginal thoracic ridge; r2: second thoracic ridge; r3: shortest thoracic ridge. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.
FIGURE 2 in Macedomeris, a new monotypic doderiinine genus (Diplopoda, Glomerida) from a cave in North Macedonia, Balkan Peninsula
FIGURE 2. Macedomeris ivoi gen. et sp. nov., paratype female I (IZB), habitus. A. Lateral view. B. Dosral view. C. Ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.
FIGURE 1 in Macedomeris, a new monotypic doderiinine genus (Diplopoda, Glomerida) from a cave in North Macedonia, Balkan Peninsula
FIGURE 1. Macedomeris ivoi gen. et sp. nov., holotype male (IZB), habitus. A. Lateral view. B. Dosral view. C. Ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.
Data from: An assessment of ancient DNA preservation in Holocene-Pleistocene fossil bone excavated from the world heritage Naracoorte Caves, South Australia
Although there is a long history of research into the fossil deposits of the Naracoorte Caves (South Australia), ancient DNA (aDNA) has not been integrated into any palaeontological study from this World Heritage site. Here, we provide the first evidence of aDNA preservation in Holocene- and Pleistocene-aged fossil bone from a deposit inside Robertson Cave. Using a combination of metabarcoding and shotgun next-generation sequencing approaches, we demonstrate that aDNA from diverse taxa can be retrieved from bulk bone as old as 18 600 cal a BP. However, the DNA is highly degraded and contains a lower relative proportion of endogenous sequences in bone older than 8400 cal a BP. Furthermore, modelling of DNA degradation suggests that the decay rate is rapid, and predicts a very low probability of obtaining informative aDNA sequences from extinct megafaunal bones from Naracoorte (ca. 50 000 cal a BP). We also provide new information regarding the past faunal biodiversity of Robertson Cave, including families that have not been formerly described in the fossil record from here before. Collectively, these data demonstrate the potential for future aDNA studies to be conducted on material from Naracoorte, which will aid in the understanding of faunal turnover in southern Australia.
Data from: Substrate and spatial variables are major determinants of fungal community in karst caves in Southwest China
Aim: Previous studies primarily based on the culture method have revealed that caves host a high fungal diversity and that exogenous carbon sources influence fungal communities. Here, we assess the fungal diversity and distribution patterns in karst caves in Southwest China and reveal the major factors that shape the fungal communities. Location: Southwest China. Methods: Samples of air, rock, sediment, and water were collected from eight caves in Southwest China. Using high-throughput sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer 1 region of fungal rDNA, we examined the cave fungal communities in Southwest China and studied their correlations with potentially influential factors, such as substrate, cave, location and environmental variables. Results: Approximately 10,000 fungal operational taxonomic units (OTUs) spanning 15 phyla were obtained. The highest diversity genus was Penicillium, while Mortierella had the highest relative abundance. Compared with air and rock samples, sediment and water samples harboured higher diversity and distinct communities. Substrate and cave were revealed to be the key determinants of the fungal communities in caves. Sample location and sampling distance from the entrance had more significant impacts on rock and sediment communities than on air and water assemblages. The fungal assemblages in air and water samples from the cave and outside cave environments were similar, while those of rock and sediment samples were significantly different. Main conclusions: Our results indicate that sediment and water harboured higher fungal diversity than air and rock, and substrate and spatial variables are key determinants of fungal communities in caves.
Data from: Potential rapid evolution of foot morphology in Italian plethodontid salamanders (Hydromantes strinatii) following the colonization of an artificial cave
How organisms respond to environmental change is a long-standing question in evolutionary biology. Species invading novel habitats provide an opportunity to examine contemporary evolution in action, and decipher the pace of evolutionary change over short time scales. Here we characterized phenotypic evolution in the Italian plethodontid salamander, Hydromantes strinatii following the recent colonization of an artificial cave by a forest floor population. When compared with a nearby and genetically related population in the natural forest floor and a nearby cave population, the artificial cave population displayed significant differences in overall foot shape, with more inter-digital webbing relative to the other populations. Further, this population evolved significantly larger feet, which corresponded more closely to those found in other cave populations than to forest floor populations to which the cave population is closely related. Finally, we quantified the rate of evolution for both foot shape and foot area, and found that both traits displayed large and significant evolutionary rates, at levels corresponding to other classic cases of rapid evolution in vertebrates. Together these findings reveal that the response to novel environmental pressures can be large and rapid, and that the anatomical shifts observed in the artificial cave population of H. strinatii may represent a case of rapid evolution in response to novel environmental pressures.
Data from: Phylogenetic evidence from freshwater crayfishes that cave adaptation is not an evolutionary dead-end
Caves are perceived as isolated, extreme habitats with a set of uniquely specialized biota, which long ago led to the idea that caves are 'evolutionary dead-ends.' This suggests that cave-adapted taxa may be doomed for extinction before they can diversify or transition to a more stable state. However, this hypothesis has not been explicitly tested in a phylogenetic framework with multiple independent cave-dwelling groups. Here we use the freshwater crayfish, a group with dozens of cave-dwelling species in multiple lineages, as a system to test this hypothesis. We consider historical patterns of lineage diversification and habitat transition as well as current patterns of geographic range size. We find that while cave-dwelling lineages have small relative range sizes and rarely transition back to the surface, they exhibit remarkably similar diversification patterns to those of other habitat types and appear to be able to maintain a diversity of lineages through time. This suggests that cave-adaptation is not a 'dead-end' for freshwater crayfish, which has positive implications for our understanding of biodiversity and conservation in cave habitats.
Data from: Parallels between two geographically and ecologically disparate cave invasions by the same species, Asellus aquaticus (Isopoda, Crustacea)
Caves are long-known examples of evolutionary replications where similar morphologies (troglomorphies) evolve independently as the result of strong natural selection of the extreme environment. Recently, this paradigm has been challenged based on observations that troglomorphies are inconsistent across taxa and different subterranean habitats. We investigated the degree of replicated phenotypic change in two independent cave invasions by the freshwater isopod Asellus aquaticus; the first in a sulphidic aquifer in Romania, the second in a sinking river in the Dinaric Karst in Slovenia. Both ancestral surface populations still live alongside the subterranean ones. Phylogenetic analyses show independence of the two colonization events, and microsatellite analysis shows no evidence of ongoing genetic exchange between surface and subterranean ecomorphs. The overall morphology has changed dramatically at both sites (50 of 62 morphometric traits). The amount of phenotypic change did not reflect differences in genetic diversity between the two ancestral populations. Multivariate analyses revealed divergent evolution in caves, not parallel or convergent as predicted by the current paradigm. Still, 18 traits changed in a parallel fashion, including eye and pigment loss and antennal elongation. These changes might be a consequence of darkness as the only common ecological feature, because Romanian caves are chemoautotrophic and rich in food, whereas Slovenian caves are not. Overall, these results show that morphologically alike surface populations can diverge after invading different subterranean habitats, and that only about one-third of all changing traits behave as troglomorphies in the traditional sense.
Data from: Climate change may drive cave spiders to extinction
Subterranean ecosystems present ideal opportunities to study mechanisms underlying responses to changes in climate because species within them are often adapted to a largely constant temperature. We have characterized the thermal conditions of caves in the Western Alps, and related these hypogean climate data to the occurrence of Troglohyphantes spiders (Araneae, Linyphiidae). Our data indicated that present distributions reflect Pleistocene glaciation events and also pointed to specific responses as a consequence of changes in temperature. Constant temperatures recorded inside caves provide an approximation of the mean annual temperature outside, thus we extended the results to a regional scale. We used ecological niche modeling to predict habitat suitability both in the Pleistocene and under future global warming scenarios. These analyses pointed toward a future decline in habitat suitability for subterranean spiders and the potential extinction of the most restricted endemic species. When compared with other species that live in confined habitats such as islands and mountains, we expect cave species to be as much, if not more, vulnerable to climate change.
Data from: The diverse dietary profiles of MIS 3 cave bears from the Romanian Carpathians: insights from stable isotope (δ13C and δ15N) analysis
Late Pleistocene European cave bears (Ursus spelaeus) have been considered to be largely vegetarian, although stable isotope data (δ13C and δ15N values) from the Romanian Carpathians has suggested considerable dietary variation. Here we evaluate previous and additional adult cave bear isotopic data from four Marine Isotope Stage 3 (MIS 3) sites in the Carpathians. Peştera Urşilor (N = 35), Peştera Cioclovina (N = 32), Peştera Muierilor (N = 8), and Peştera cu Oase (N = 72) provide both a dichotomy between samples suggesting vegetarian diets (from Cioclovina and Muierilor) and more omnivorous diets (from Urşilor and Oase), and considerable isotopic variation within samples from each site. While an inference of a strictly vegetarian diet may apply to groups that lived in ecosystems which restricted the available animal protein for these large ursids, the within and between sample isotopic variation among the Carpathian cave bears indicates considerable flexibility in their sources of protein and hence in their dietary regimes. In addition, developmental assessment of Cioclovina isotopic profiles (neonates, juveniles, sub-adults and adults) provides patterns of transfer of stable isotope signatures throughout immature life for both δ13C and δ15N (increase and decrease, respectively), whereas those from Urşilor show little developmental shift.
Data from: High stakes species delimitation in eyeless cave spiders (Cicurina, Dictynidae, Araneae) from central Texas
A remarkable radiation of completely eyeless, cave-obligate spider species (Cicurina) has been described from limestone caves of Texas. This radiation includes over 50 described species, with a large number of hypothesized single-cave endemics, and four species listed as US Federally Endangered. Because of this conservation importance, species delimitation in the group is "high stakes" - it is imperative that species hypotheses are data-rich, objective, and robust. This paper focuses on a complex of four cave-dwelling Cicurina distributed on the northwestern edge of Austin, Texas. Several of the existing species hypotheses in this complex are weak, based on morphological comparisons of small samples of adult female specimens; one species description (for C. wartoni) is based on a single adult specimen. Species limits in this group were newly assessed using morphological, mitochondrial, and nuclear DNA sequence data evidence, analyzed using a variety of approaches. All data support a clear lineage separation between C. buwata versus the C. travisae complex (including C. travisae, C. wartoni, and C. reddelli). Observed congruence across multiple analyses indicate that the C. travisae complex represents a single species, and the formal species synonymy presented here has important conservation implications. The integrative framework utilized in this study serves as a potential model for other Texas cave Cicurina, including US Federally Endangered species. More generally, this study illustrates how and why taxon-focused conservation efforts must prioritize modern species delimitation research (if the existing taxonomy is weak), before devoting precious downstream resources to conservation efforts. The study also highlights the issue of taxonomic type II error that diversity biologists increasingly face as species delimitation moves into the genomics era.
Choukoutien (Lower cave) mandible
Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Chalcolithic Pottery, Escoural Cave, Portugal
It was during the Chalcolithic, or Copper Age, that new communities headed to Escoural and settled in a fortified settlement at the top of the hill where the cave was enclosed and unsuspected. They were communities that presented a complex and varied economy, which added the extraction of ore to agriculture and pastoralism. A village of the sort situated on the top of a hill made up of white marble would be an extraordinary landmark in the landscape. Associated with this village, about 900 meters away, there is also a collective burial monument consisting of a circular chamber and a rectangular corridor built in stone - the Tholos of Escoural. This is a pottery piece of small dimensions found in the tholos in the surroundings of the cave. Inv. CSD0583 Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.