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2,390 results for “rainforests”
FIGURE 15 A–F in Phenotypic studies on terrestrial stigonematacean Cyanobacteria from the Atlantic Rainforest, São Paulo State, Brazil
FIGURE 15 A–F: Stigonema parallelum. A: General aspect of a thallus. B–D: Parallel filaments. E: Branched filament. F: Filament forming a hormogonium. Scales: Scales: 10 µm.
FIGURE 14 A–R in Phenotypic studies on terrestrial stigonematacean Cyanobacteria from the Atlantic Rainforest, São Paulo State, Brazil
FIGURE 14 A–R: Stigonema parallelum. A: Filament with a lateral heterocyte. B: Detail of filaments with lamellated sheaths. C–F: Parallel filaments forming hormogonia. G: Long filament with short branches. H–J: Details of apices. K: Germinating hormogonia. L–R: Development of filaments and releasing of hormogonia (life cycle). Scales: 10 µm in A (use for A, B), C (use for C–D), E, F (use for F–K) and L (use for L–R).
FIGURE 11 A–M in Phenotypic studies on terrestrial stigonematacean Cyanobacteria from the Atlantic Rainforest, São Paulo State, Brazil
FIGURE 11 A–M: Stigonema corticola. A: General aspect of a thallus. B, C: Branched filaments. D: Young filament. E: Branches with agglomerated cells. F–H: Details of apex. I: Filament with a lateral heterocyte. J: Detail of a multiseriate filament. K: Initial stages of branching near the apex. L: Formation of hormogonium. M: Apex after releasing hormogonium. Scales: 10 µm in A (use for A, E), B (use for B–D), F (use for F–H), I and J (use for J–M).
FIGURE 10 A–F in Phenotypic studies on terrestrial stigonematacean Cyanobacteria from the Atlantic Rainforest, São Paulo State, Brazil
FIGURE 10 A–F: Stigonema crassivaginatum. A: General aspect of a thallus. B–D: Details of branching. E: Detail of an apex. F: Lamellated sheaths. Scales: 50 µm in A and 10 µm in B–F.
FIGURE 12 A–I in Phenotypic studies on terrestrial stigonematacean Cyanobacteria from the Atlantic Rainforest, São Paulo State, Brazil
FIGURE 12 A–I: Stigonema corticola. A: Uniseriate filament with lateral heterocyte. B–D: Mostly uniseriate filaments. E: Richly branched filaments. F–H: Agglomerated cells. I: Formation of a hormogonium. Scales: 10 µm in A (use for A–I).
FIGURE 9 A–H in Phenotypic studies on terrestrial stigonematacean Cyanobacteria from the Atlantic Rainforest, São Paulo State, Brazil
FIGURE 9 A–H: Stigonema crassivaginatum. A: Branched filament with attenuated ends. B: Strictly uniseriate filaments. C: Formation of a hormogonium. D–F: Morphological variability of cells and apex. G: Sheaths with parallel lamellae. H: Sheaths with divergent lamellae. Scales: 10 µm in A (use for A–C), D (use for D–F) and G (use for G, H).
FIGURE 8 A–I in Phenotypic studies on terrestrial stigonematacean Cyanobacteria from the Atlantic Rainforest, São Paulo State, Brazil
FIGURE 8 A–I: Stigonema tomentosum. A: Fasciculated filaments. B: Detail of biseriate filament. C: Detail of apex of branches. D: Branched filaments. E, F: Hormogonia. G: Initial stage of branching. H: Parallel erect branching. I: Branched uniseriate filaments. Scales: 10 µm A, B (use for B, C), D, E (use for E–H) and I.
FIGURE 7 A–F in Phenotypic studies on terrestrial stigonematacean Cyanobacteria from the Atlantic Rainforest, São Paulo State, Brazil
FIGURE 7 A–F: Stigonema flexuosum. A: Detail of a biseriate filament. B: Branch after the release of a hormogonium. C: Branch forming a terminal hormogonium. D: Detail of a branch. E, F: Branched filaments with heterocytes. Scale: 10 µm in A (use for A–F).
FIGURE 6 A–E in Phenotypic studies on terrestrial stigonematacean Cyanobacteria from the Atlantic Rainforest, São Paulo State, Brazil
FIGURE 6 A–E: Stigonema fremyi. A, B: General aspects of thallus. C–E: Details of attenuated branches. Scales: 10 µm in A, B, C (use for C–E).
FIGURE 5 A–F in Phenotypic studies on terrestrial stigonematacean Cyanobacteria from the Atlantic Rainforest, São Paulo State, Brazil
FIGURE 5 A–F: Stigonema cf. minutum. A: General aspect of a thallus. B: Unilateral branching. C–D: Branches after releasing hormogonia. E–F: Details of main filaments. Scales: 10 µm.
FIGURE 4 A–J in Phenotypic studies on terrestrial stigonematacean Cyanobacteria from the Atlantic Rainforest, São Paulo State, Brazil
FIGURE 4 A–J: Stigonema cf. minutum. A–G: General aspect of a thallus. H: Branches forming hormogonia at the ends. I: Young filament. J.: Detail of apex with epiphytic filament of Heteroleibleinia sp.. Scales: 10 µm A (use for A–D) and E–J.
FIGURE 2 A–N in Phenotypic studies on terrestrial stigonematacean Cyanobacteria from the Atlantic Rainforest, São Paulo State, Brazil
FIGURE 2 A–N: Fischerella clavata. A–F: Details of widened apices of branches. G: Uniseriate main filament. H: Main filament with biseriate parts. I–K: Branching in main filaments. L–M: Hormogonia. N: Creeping filaments producing branch-like terminal filaments. Scale: 10 µm in A (use for A–N).
FIGURE 3 A–L in Phenotypic studies on terrestrial stigonematacean Cyanobacteria from the Atlantic Rainforest, São Paulo State, Brazil
FIGURE 3 A–L: Fischerella letestui. A: Detail of branching. B: Hormogonium. C: Initial stage of development. D–G: Details of the apices of branches. H–L: Branched main filaments. Scales: 10 µm in A (use for A, C–E, H–L) and B (use for B, F–G).
FIGURE 1. A, B. A in Phenotypic studies on terrestrial stigonematacean Cyanobacteria from the Atlantic Rainforest, São Paulo State, Brazil
FIGURE 1. A, B. A. Map of South America; São Paulo State (SP) is indicated in Southeast Brazil. B. Map of São Paulo State; indication of the studied areas.
FIGURE 6 in Eight New Atlantic Rainforest Species and Nomenclatural Notes in Brazilian Myrtaceae
FIGURE 6. Myrcia basicordata—isotype at HUFSJ (scale: 50 mm); insert: inflorescence from Boone 1062 (scale: 10 mm).
FIGURE 4 in Eight New Atlantic Rainforest Species and Nomenclatural Notes in Brazilian Myrtaceae
FIGURE 4. Eugenia lacistema—holotype (scale: 50 mm); insert: inflorescences with fruits (from Jardim 193; scale: 10 mm).
Arboreality drives heat tolerance while elevation drives cold tolerance in tropical rainforest ants
<p>Determining how species thermal limits correlate with climate is important for understanding biogeographic patterns and assessing vulnerability to climate change. Such analyses need to consider thermal gradients at multiple spatial scales. Here we relate thermal traits of rainforest ants to microclimate conditions from ground to canopy (microgeographic scale) along an elevation gradient (mesogeographic scale) and calculate warming tolerance in the Australian Wet Tropics Bioregion. We test the thermal adaptation and thermal niche asymmetry hypotheses to explain interspecific patterns of thermal tolerance at these two spatial scales. We tested CT<sub>min</sub>, CT<sub>max</sub>, and calculated CT<sub>range</sub> using ramping assays for 74 colonies of 40 ant species collected from terrestrial and arboreal habitats at lowland and upland elevation sites and recorded microclimatic conditions for one year. Within sites, arboreal ants were exposed to hotter microclimates and on average had a 4.2°C (95% CI: 2.7 – 5.6°C) higher CT<sub>max</sub>, and 5.3°C (95% CI: 3.5 – 7°C) broader CT<sub>range</sub> than ground-dwelling ants. This pattern was consistent across the elevation gradient, whether it be the hotter lowlands or the cooler uplands. Across elevation, upland ants had significantly lower CT<sub>min </sub>than lowland ants, whereas the change in CT<sub>max</sub> was less pronounced, and CT<sub>range</sub> did not change over elevation. Differential exposure to microclimates, due to localised niche preferences, drives divergence in CT<sub>max</sub> while environmental temperatures along the elevation gradient drive divergence in CT<sub>min</sub>. Our results suggest that both processes of thermal adaptation and thermal niche asymmetry are at play depending on the spatial scale of observation, and we discuss potential mechanisms underlying these patterns. Despite the broad thermal tolerance range of arboreal rainforest ants, lowland arboreal ants had the lowest warming tolerance and may be most vulnerable to climate change.</p>
Competitive effects of a dominant palm on sapling performance in a Neotropical rainforest
<p>Eradication of herbivores, due to human disturbances, produces a demographic outburst of highly competitive prey species, which in turn reduces plant species diversity. This happens at Los Tuxtlas tropical rainforest, Mexico, where a population outburst of the understory palm <em>Astrocaryum mexicanum</em> is ostensibly excluding tree species, but how this is occurring is still unknown. We used a neighborhood approach to explore the effects of palm shading and palm crowding on the survival and growth (RGR) of saplings of six common tree species. Sixteen to 32 saplings (1.5-2.5 m height) per species were used as focal individuals of circular neighborhoods (4 m radius), which included palms ≥ 1cm stem length potentially competing for light or soil resources. Shading was estimated using hemispherical photographs. Overall, survivorship was high combining all species (93.8%/yr). In most species shading produced a displacement of the crown, which increased with specific leaf area of species. In three species shading had a negative effect on RGR without any effect of crowding, the contrary occurred in two species, and in one species no effects were found. No effects due to trees (DBH ≥ 1cm) crowding were detected. The shading effect increased with species leaf dry matter content (LDMC), while the effect of crowding declined with LDMC and increased with sapling total leaf area. We argue that the species-dependent palm shading/crowding effects were related to the shade tolerance of sapling species. In the long-term such species-specific responses could have consequences for forest structure and composition, as saplings develop to mature stages.</p>
FIGURE 18 in Two new and rare genera of angle-winged katydids (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae Phaneropterinae: Microcentrini) from the Brazilian Amazon Rainforest
FIGURE 18. Habitat of Tukunha pinimauna sp. nov.: Primary Terra Firme Rainforest in Reserva Ducke, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.
FIGURE 15 in Two new and rare genera of angle-winged katydids (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae Phaneropterinae: Microcentrini) from the Brazilian Amazon Rainforest
FIGURE 15. Tukunha pinimauna sp. nov., left tegmina of female in dorsal view. Abbreviations: AP: Posterior anal vein; AA: anterior anal vein; CuA: anterior cubital vein; CuP: posterior cubital vein; MA: anterior median vein; MP: posterior median vein; R: radial vein; Sc: subcostal vein.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.