Find research datasets worth reusing

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2008View details →

Appendix 1 in The aquatic Coleoptera of Prince Edward Island, Canada: new records and faunal composition

Appendix 1. Coordinates of collection localities

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2009View details →

Figure 1 in Winter species composition, diversity and abundance of macrozoobenthos in Kuwait's waters, Arabian Gulf

Figure 1. Location of the benthic stations sampled during 3–18 December 2004.

opencc-zeroJun 2020View details →

Data from: The ghost of disturbance past: long-term effects of pulse disturbances on community biomass and composition

Current global change is associated with an increase in disturbance frequency and intensity, with the potential to trigger population collapses and to cause permanent transitions to new ecosystem states. However, our understanding of ecosystem responses to disturbances is still incomplete. Specifically, there is a mismatch between the diversity of disturbance regimes experienced by ecosystems and the one-dimensional description of disturbances used in most studies on ecological stability. To fill this gap, we conducted a full factorial experiment on microbial communities, where we varied the frequency and intensity of disturbances affecting species mortality, resulting in twenty different disturbance regimes. We explored the direct and long-term effects of these disturbance regimes on community biomass. While most communities were able to recover biomass and composition states similar to undisturbed controls after a halt of the disturbances, we identified some disturbance thresholds that had long-lasting legacies on communities. Using a model based on logistic growth, we identified qualitatively the sets of disturbance frequency and intensity that had equivalent long-term negative impacts on experimental communities. Our results show that an increase in disturbance intensity is a bigger threat for biodiversity and biomass recovery than the occurrence of more frequent but less intense disturbances.

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2020View details →

Miocene paleotopography and paleoclimate based on paired stable isotope compositions in Namling Basin, south Tibet

This supporting information contains four datasets asTable 1 in the main text and Table S1, Table S2, and Table S3 in the supplementary file. Table S1 is the zircon U-Pb dating of two tuff samples. Both samples were collected in 2016 at the bottom and at the top of the measured section to constrain the precisely formed timing of the samples. U-Pb dating was processed by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer (LA-ICP-MS) and calculated by the GLITTER_V4.0. Table S2 is a summary Miocene δ2H data, δ18O data, and vegetation associations in the Miocene Tibetan Plateau basins from literature. These data were from our study in Namling Basin and previous work (Spicer et al., 2003; Currie et al., 2016; Khan et al., 2014); Lunpola Basin (Polissar et al., 2009; Sun et al., 2014), Hoh Xil Basin (Polissar et al., 2009; Sun et al., 2015; Li et al., 2015), and Qaidam basin (Zhuang et al., 2014; Miao et al., 2013) as well as the biotite δ2H data from Himalaya (Gebélin et al., 2013). Paleometeoric water δDw values are calculated by applying the average established and local apparent fractionation factor of -111±14&permil; in the Namling, Lunpola and Hoh Xil basins and -102&permil; in the Qaidam Basin (Zhuang et al., 2014). b. Paleometoric water δ18Ow values are calculated by the calcite-water equation (Kim and O'Neil, 1997) with carbonate forming temperatures of 14.6±3.6°C in the Namling Basin, Lunpola Basin and Hoh Xil Basin (Deng et al., 2012; Sun et al., 2015; Ingalls et al., 2017). Table S3 is a summary of the stable isotope of the surface water across the Tibetan Plateau. These data were from the previous literature (Quade et al., 2011; Hren et al., 2009; Bershaw et al., 2012).

opencc-by-nc-nd-4.0Feb 2020View details →

Composite of VREAL replays

A 3-minute video clip that shows the beginning of an instruction sequence in a social VR game (VREAL), in which a player deploys another VR tool (Tilt Brush) to instruct a future player how to use the game to capture volumetrically their own gameplay. The composite video comprises two videos made up of 4 unique replays edited together in sync with the original voice track.

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2020View details →

Data for "Decreasing snow cover alters functional composition and diversity of Arctic tundra"

This page links to the data and code associated with the publication Niittynen et al. (2020) "Decreasing snow cover alters functional composition and diversity of Arctic tundra" published in PNAS ( <a href="https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2001254117">https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2001254117</a> ). The species data contain cover values of 200 vascular plant species recorded in 1325 study sites in Rastigaisa area in Northern Norway. The trait data includes species level median trait values for the 200 species calculated from records extracted from public databases for seven plant functional traits and community weighted means of these traits calculated for all the 1325 study sites. The environmental data contain six spatially continuous predictors used in the species level models. The data and analyses are described in the linked publication.

opencc-zeroJul 2020View details →

Data from: Intra-specific variation in tree growth responses to neighborhood composition and seasonal drought in a tropical forest

1. Functional traits are expected to provide insights into the abiotic and biotic drivers of plant demography. However, successfully linking traits to plant demographic performance likely requires the consideration of important contextual and individual-level information that is often ignored in trait-based ecology. 2. Here, we modeled 8 years of growth from 1,138 individual trees from 36 tropical rain forest species. We compared models of tree growth parameterized using individual-level versus species mean trait data. We also compared models that considered regional climatic, local biotic and whole-plant allocation contexts to those that do not. 3. Our analyses show that growth models parameterized using individual-level trait information outperformed those that used species mean trait information and that these models often contradicted one another indicating that the common practice of using species mean trait data requires more scrutiny. Additionally, we found that models including climatic, biotic and allocation contexts outperformed those that did not and provide nuanced insights into the drivers of tree growth in a tropical forest. 4. Synthesis. Here, we have shown that the development of models of tree demographic performance upon the basis of traits can be improved through a consideration of individual-level trait variation as well as phenotypic and climatic contexts. We highlight that our ability to understand the drivers of tree population and community structure and dynamics in current and in future climates will be limited if contextual and individual-level data remains understudied.

opencc-zeroDec 2019View details →

The oxygen isotope compositions of large numbers of small cosmic spherules: Implications for their sources and the isotopic composition of the upper atmosphere

Cosmic spherules are micrometeorites that melt at high altitude as they enter Earth's atmosphere and their oxygen isotope compositions are partially or completely inherited from the upper atmosphere, depending on the heating experienced and the nature of their precursor materials. In this study, the three oxygen isotope compositions of 137 cosmic spherules are determined using 277 in-situ analyses by ion probe. Particles of each different type of cosmic spherule (scoriaceous, porphyritic, cryptocrystalline, barred, glass, calcium aluminium and titanium (CAT), G-type and I-type) in the diameter range ~52–480mm were analysed. The results confirm that the three oxygen isotope compositions of melted micrometeorites reflect a combination of their precursor composition, exchange with the atmosphere and mass fractionation owing to evaporation during entry heating. The data appear to reveal an increase in average δ18O values of silicate dominated (S-type) spherules in the series scoriaceous<porphyritic<barred<glass<CAT spherules (~20, 22, 25, 26 and 50‰) that is consistent with the evolution of oxygen isotopes by mass fractionation owing to increased average entry heating. The trend of δ17,18O is broadly parallel to the terrestrial fractionation line and thus suggests mass fractionation dominates changes in isotopic composition, with atmospheric exchange a less significant effect. The D17O values of spherules, therefore, are mostly preserved and suggest that ~80% of particles are related to the carbonaceous chondrites (CC) and are probably samples of C-type asteroids. The genetic relationships between different S-types can also be determined with scoriaceous, barred and cryptocrystalline spherules mostly having low D17O values (≤0‰) suggesting they are mainly derived from CC-like sources, whilst porphyritic mostly have positive D17O (>0‰) suggesting they are largely from ordinary chondrite (OC)-like sources related to S(IV)-type asteroids. Glassy and CAT-spherules have D17O values indicating they formed by intense entry heating of both CC and OC-like materials. I-type cosmic spherules have a narrow range of δ17O (~20–25‰) and δ18O (~38–48‰) values, with D17O (~0‰) suggesting their oxygen is obtained entirely from the Earth's atmosphere, albeit with significant mass fractionation owing to evaporation during entry heating. The observed range of δ18O with the size is suggested here to reflect entry angle with high values representing enhanced heating at high angle. Finally, G-type cosmic spherules have unexpected isotopic compositions suggesting little mass-fractionation from a CC-like source and are suggested to have sulphide-silicate precursors with relatively low melting temperatures. The results of this study provide a vital assessment of the wider population of extraterrestrial dust arriving at the Earth.

opencc-zeroJul 2020View details →

Data from: Assessing avian diversity and community composition along a successional gradient in traditional Lacandon Maya agroforests

Evidence regarding the ability of agroforests to conserve biological diversity has been mixed; they tend to maintain avian communities with species richness similar to that of undisturbed forest ecosystems but generally do not completely preserve community composition. Using a combination of occupancy modeling and non-metric multidimensional scaling on point-count data, we assessed changes in avian community diversity and composition along a successional gradient in traditional Lacandon Maya agroforests and compared them to protected areas in the region. Bird species richness and diversity in Lacandon agroforests peaked in early secondary forest stages. These agroforests' mean Shannon-Weiner diversity was 5% higher than that of nearby protected areas, but their species richness was similar. Community composition in Lacandon agroforests changed throughout succession, with earlier stages supporting communities distinctly characterized by generalist species, while subsequent, less-intensively managed stages tended to support more forest-dwellers. The bird community observed in even the most mature secondary forest stages in Lacandon agroforests differed from that of undisturbed rainforest ecosystems. These results demonstrate the potential of traditional Lacandon agroforestry management to conserve avian biodiversity while ensuring food sovereignty for farmers. However, because the community composition of early successional stages was different than later stages, shortening fallow cycles and reducing forest cover to increase agricultural production will limit the species this system can support. This study illustrates the value of incorporating traditional agroecosystems into conservation planning as well as maintaining protected areas, because the latter serve as refugia for species that require undisturbed forest habitat in an agroecological matrix.

opencc-zeroJun 2020View details →

Data from: Bacterial phylogeny predicts volatile organic compound composition and olfactory response of an aphid parasitoid

There is increasing evidence that microorganisms emit a wide range of volatile compounds (mVOCs, microbial volatile organic compounds) that act as insect semiochemicals, and therefore play an important role in insect behaviour. Although it is generally believed that phylogenetically closely related microbes tend to have similar phenotypic characteristics and therefore may elicit similar responses in insects, currently little is known about whether the evolutionary history and phylogenetic relationships among microorganisms have an impact on insect-microbe interactions. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that phylogenetic relationships among 40 Bacillus strains isolated from diverse environmental sources predicted mVOC composition and the olfactory response of the generalist aphid parasitoid Aphidius colemani. Results revealed that phylogenetically closely related Bacillus strains emitted similar blends of mVOCs and elicited a comparable olfactory response of A. colemani in Y-tube olfactometer bioassays, varying between attraction and repellence. Analysis of the chemical composition of the mVOC blends showed that all Bacillus strains produced a highly similar set of volatiles, but often in different concentrations and ratios. Benzaldehyde was produced in relatively high concentrations by strains that repel A. colemani, while attractive mVOC blends contained relatively higher amounts of acetoin, 2,3-butanediol, 2,3-butanedione, eucalyptol and isoamylamine. Overall, these results indicate that bacterial phylogeny had a strong impact on mVOC compositions and as a result on the olfactory responses of insects.

Data from: Interactions between seed-dispersing ant species affect plant community composition in field mesocosms

1. In generalized mutualisms, species vary in the quality of services they provide to their partners directly via traits that affect partner fitness and indirectly via traits that influence interactions with mutualist species that play similar functional roles. Myrmecochory, or seed dispersal by ants, is a generalized mutualism with ant species varying in the quality of dispersal services they provide to their plant partners. Variation in ant species identity can directly impact seed dispersal patterns and plant community composition; however, we know less about how interactions among seed-dispersing ant species indirectly influence plant partners. 2. The invasive ant, Myrmica rubra, is a high-quality seed-disperser in its native range and interacts with myrmecochores (ant-dispersed plants) and the high-quality seed disperser Aphaenogaster sp. in its invaded range. We use this system to examine how interactions between two functionally similar mutualist ant species influence the recruitment and community composition of ant-dispersed plants. 3. We performed a field mesocosm experiment and a lab behavioral experiment to compare discovery and dominance behaviors between ant species, and seed dispersal and seedling recruitment of four myrmecochore species among intraspecific interaction treatments of each ant species and an interspecific interaction treatment. 4. We found that M. rubra was better at discovering and dispersing seeds, but that Aphaenogaster sp. was dominantly aggressive over M. rubra. Interspecific interactions dampened seed dispersal relative to dispersal by the better disperser. Despite this dampening, we found no effect of interspecific interaction on seedling recruitment. However, community composition of seedlings in the interspecific interaction treatment was more similar to composition in the aggressively dominant ant (Aphaenogaster sp.) treatment than in the better discoverer ant (M. rubra) treatment. 5. We show that interspecific interaction between mutualist species in the same functional guild affects the outcome of mutualistic interactions with partner species. Despite the native ant dispersing fewer seeds, its dominance over the subordinate (invasive) ant has the potential to allow for some level of biotic resistance against the effects of M. rubra on plant communities when these species co-exist.

Dynamic shifts in social network structure and composition within a breeding hybrid population

1. Mating behavior and the timing of reproduction can inhibit genetic exchange between closely related species; however, these reproductive barriers are challenging to measure within natural populations. Social network analysis provides promising tools for studying the social context of hybridization, and the exchange of genetic variation, more generally. 2. We test how social networks within a hybrid population of California (Callipepla californica) and Gambel's quail (Callipepla gambelii) change over discrete periods of a breeding season. We assess patterns of phenotypic and genotypic assortment, and ask whether altered associations between individuals (association rewiring), or changes to the composition of the population (individual turnover) drive network dynamics. We use genetic data to test whether social associations and relatedness between individuals correlate with patterns of parentage within the hybrid population. 3. To achieve these aims, we combine RFID association data, phenotypic data, and genomic measures with social network analyses. We adopt methods from the ecological network literature to quantify shifts in network structure and to partition changes into those due to individual turnover and association rewiring. We integrate genomic data into networks as node-level attributes (ancestry) and edges (relatedness, parentage) to test links between social and parentage networks. 4. We show that rewiring of associations between individuals that persist across network periods, rather than individual turnover, drives the majority of the changes in network structure throughout the breeding season, and that the traits involved in phenotypic/genotypic assortment were highly dynamic over time. Social networks were randomly assorted based upon genetic ancestry, suggesting weak behavioral reproductive isolation within this hybrid population. Finally, we show that the strength of associations within the social network, but not levels of genetic relatedness, predict patterns of parentage. 5. Social networks play an important role in population processes such as the transmission of disease and information, yet there has been less focus on how networks influence the exchange of genetic variation. By integrating analyses of social structure, phenotypic assortment, and reproductive outcomes within a hybrid zone, we demonstrate the utility of social networks for analyzing links between social context and gene flow within wild populations. 08-Jul-2020

Data from: Shifts in plant functional composition following long-term drought in grasslands

1. Plant traits can provide unique insights into plant performance at the community scale. Functional composition, defined by both functional diversity and community-weighted trait means (CWMs), can affect the stability of aboveground net primary production (ANPP) in response to climate extremes. Further complexity arises, however, when functional composition itself responds to environmental change. The duration of climate extremes, such as drought, is expected to increase with rising global temperatures; thus, understanding the impacts of long-term drought on functional composition and the corresponding effect that has on ecosystem function could improve predictions of ecosystem sensitivity to climate change. 2. We experimentally reduced growing season precipitation by 66% across six temperate grasslands for four years and measured changes in three indices of functional diversity (functional dispersion, richness, and evenness), community-weighted trait means, and phylogenetic diversity (PD). Specific leaf area (SLA), leaf nitrogen content (LNC) and (at most sites) leaf turgor loss point (πTLP) were measured for species cumulatively representing ~90% plant cover at each site. 3. Long-term drought led to increased community functional dispersion in three sites, with negligible effects on the remaining sites. Species re-ordering following the mortality/senescence of dominant species was the main driver of increased functional dispersion. The response of functional diversity was not consistently matched by changes in phylogenetic diversity. Community-level drought strategies (assessed as CWMs) largely shifted from drought tolerance to drought avoidance and/or escape strategies, as evidenced by higher community-weighted πTLP, SLA, and LNC. Lastly, ecosystem drought sensitivity (i.e. relative reduction in ANPP) was positively correlated with community-weighted SLA and negatively correlated with functional diversity. 4. Synthesis: Increased functional diversity following long-term drought may stabilize ecosystem functioning in response to future drought. However, shifts in community-scale drought strategies may increase ecosystem drought sensitivity, depending on the nature and timing of drought. Thus, our results highlight the importance of considering both functional diversity and abundance-weighted traits means of plant communities as their collective effect may either stabilize or enhance ecosystem sensitivity to drought.

Environmental determinants of leaf-litter ant community composition along an elevational gradient

Ant communities are extremely diverse and provide a wide variety of ecological functions in tropical forests. Here we investigated the abiotic factors driving ant composition turnover across an elevational gradient at Mont Itoupé, French Guiana. Mont Itoupé is an isolated mountain whose top is covered by cloud forests, a biogeographical rarity that is likely to be threatened according to climate change scenarios in the region. We examined the influence of six soil, climatic and LiDAR-derived vegetation structure variables on leaf-litter ant assembly (267 species) across nine 0.12-ha plots disposed at three elevations (ca. 400, 600 and 800m asl). We tested (a) whether species co-occurring within a same plot or a same elevation were more similar in terms of taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic composition, than species from different plots/elevations, and (b) which environmental variables significantly explained compositional turnover among plots. We found that the distribution of species and traits of ant communities along the elevational gradient was significantly explained by a turnover of environmental conditions, particularly in soil phosphorus and sand content, canopy height and mean annual relative humidity of soil. Our results shed light on the role exerted by environmental filtering in shaping ant community assembly in tropical forests. Identifying the environmental determinants of ant species distribution along tropical elevational gradients could help predicting the future impacts of global warming on biodiversity organization in vulnerable environments such as cloud forests.

opencc-zeroOct 2020View details →

Great smoky mountain ant community composition

Disentangling the drivers of diversity gradients can be challenging. The Measurement of Biodiversity (MoB) framework decomposes scale-dependent changes in species diversity into three components of community structure: the species abundance distribution (SAD), the total community abundance, and the within-species spatial aggregation. Here we extend MoB from categorical treatment comparisons to quantify variation along continuous geographic or environmental gradients. Our approach requires sites along a gradient, each consisting of georeferenced plots of abundance-based species composition data. We demonstrate our method using a case study of ants sampled along an elevational gradient of 28 sites in a mixed deciduous forest of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA. MoB analysis revealed that decreases in ant species richness along the elevational gradient were associated with decreasing evenness and total number of species which counteracted the modest increase in richness associated with decreasing spatial aggregation along the gradient. Total community abundance had a negligible effect on richness at all but the finest spatial grains, SAD effects increased in importance with sampling effort, while the aggregation effect had the strongest effect at coarser spatial grains. These results do not support the more-individuals hypothesis, but they are consistent with a hypothesis of stronger environmental filtering at coarser spatial grains. Our extension of MoB has the potential to elucidate how components of community structure contribute to changes in diversity along environmental gradients and should be useful for a variety of assemblage-level data collected along gradients.

opencc-by-4.0Feb 2020View details →

A 4.5 year-long record of Svalbard water vapor isotopic composition documents winter air mass origin

Isotopic data from the article in JGR A: A 4.5 year-long record of Svalbard water vapor isotopic composition documents winter air mass origin CLDS_2020_ground_iso_vapor_1h.dat CLDS_2020_zeppelin_iso_vapor_1h.dat first column: date in matlab format second column: humidity in ppmv thrid column: d18O in per mil forth column: dD in per mil fifth column: not to take into account CLDS_2020_iso_precip.dat first column: date in matlab format second column: temperature at noon in degre C thrid column: d18O in per mil forth column: dD in per mil fifth column:type of precip 1: water & 2 : snow & 3 : other (melt, etc.)

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2020View details →

Contrasting Collision-induced Far-field Orogenesis Controlled by Thermo–rheological Properties of the Composite Terrane - Dataset

This is the dataset for the paper "Contrasting Collision-induced Far-field Orogenesis Controlled by Thermo–rheological Properties of the Composite Terrane" that has been submitted to "Geophysical Research Letters".

opencc-zeroNov 2020View details →

Data from: Structure, gene order, and nucleotide composition of mitochondrial genomes in parasitic lice from Amblycera

Parasitic lice have unique mitochondrial (mt) genomes characterized by rearranged gene orders, variable genome structures, and less AT content compared to most other insects. However, relatively little is known about the mt genomes of Amblycera, the suborder sister to all other parasitic lice. Comparing among nine different genera (including representative of all seven families), we show that Amblycera have variable and highly rearranged mt genomes. Some genera have fragmented genomes that vary considerably in length, whereas others have a single mt chromosome. Notably, these genomes are more AT-biased than most other lice. We also recover genus-level phylogenetic relationships among Amblycera that are consistent with those reported from large nuclear datasets, indicating that mt sequences are reliable for reconstructing evolutionary relationships in Amblycera. However, gene order data cannot reliably recover these same relationships. Overall, our results suggest that the mt genomes of lice, already know to be distinctive, are even more variable than previously thought.

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2020View details →

Dataset - Calorie restriction improves metabolic state independently of gut microbiome composition

This dataset contains the supplementary information for the paper: Calorie restriction improves metabolic state independently of gut microbiome composition.