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4,841 results for “Generic”
Data from: A giant spurrey on a tiny island: on the phylogenetic position of Sanctambrosia manicata (Caryophyllaceae) and the generic circumscriptions of Spergula, Spergularia and Rhodalsine
The only member of the generally herbaceous family Caryophyllaceae that may grow to a small tree is Sanctambrosia manicata, endemic to remote San Ambrosio Island, off the coast of Chile. The monospecific Sanctambrosia has been suggested to be closely related to Spergula and Spergularia (spurreys) on the basis of morphology, despite its treelike habit and gynodioecy. A plastid DNA dataset (ndhF, rps16, trnL-F) is used to investigate the relationships of Sanctambrosia and other members of Sperguleae. Sanctambrosia manicata is shown to be nested in a clade of New World and Australian Spergularia and the new combination Spergularia manicata is proposed. The volcanic San Ambrosio has been estimated to be almost three million years old, and S. manicata presumably evolved its treelike habit and gynodioecy over a short period of time. Spergula and Spergularia are monophyletic and recognizable by their number of carpels, five in Spergula and three in Spergularia. Spergularia fallax, which resembles Spergula in leaf characters, is shown to be sister to all other species of Spergularia. Minuartia subg. Rhodalsine belongs in Sperguleae and is sister to Spergula and Spergularia together, which supports the recent resurrection of Rhodalsine at the generic level.
Generating fast sparse matrix vector multiplication from a high level generic functional IR
<p>Usage of high-level intermediate representations promises the generation of fast code from a high-level description, improving the productivity of developers while achieving the performance traditionally only reached with low-level programming approaches.</p> <p>High-level IRs come in two flavors:<br> 1) domain-specific IRs designed to express only for a specific application area; or<br> 2) generic high-level IRs that can be used to generate high-performance code across many domains.<br> Developing generic IRs is more challenging but offers the advantage of reusing a common compiler infrastructure various applications.</p> <p>In this paper, we extend a generic high-level IR to enable efficient computation with sparse data structures.<br> Crucially, we encode sparse representation using reusable dense building blocks already present in the high-level IR.<br> We use a form of dependent types to model sparse matrices in CSR format by expressing the relationship between multiple dense arrays explicitly separately storing the length of rows, the column indices, and the non-zero values of the matrix.</p> <p>We demonstrate that we achieve high-performance compared to spare low-level library code using our extended generic high-level code generator.<br> On an Nvidia GPU, we outperform the highly tuned Nvidia cuSparse implementation of SpMV multiplication across 28 sparse matrices of varying sparsity on average by $1.7\times$.</p>
Data from: Phylogenetic systematics of subtribe Spiranthinae (Orchidaceae: Orchidoideae: Cranichideae) based on nuclear and plastid DNA sequences of a nearly complete generic sample
Subtribe Spiranthinae is the most species-rich lineage of terrestrial Neotropical orchids, encompassing > 500 species and 40 genera. We conducted maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequence data of plastid matK-trnK and trnL-trnF and nuclear ribosomal ITS sequences for 36 genera and 182 species of Spiranthinae plus appropriate outgroups. The results strongly support monophyly of Spiranthinae (minus Discyphus, Discyphinae and Galeottiella, Galeottiellinae) and five major lineages, namely monospecific Cotylolabium (sister to the remaining Spiranthinae) and the Eurystyles, Pelexia, Spiranthes and Stenorrhynchos clades. Eighteen of the 27 genera of Spiranthinae for which more than one species was included in our analyses are monophyletic. Paraphyly of large genera, such as Cyclopogon and Sarcoglottis, resulted from segregation of particular species or groups of species exhibiting minor modifications of structures directly involved in pollination (e.g. nectary, rostellum and viscidium). Conversely, polyphyly has resulted from convergent evolution of floral attributes in distantly related species (e.g. Mesadenus). Some of the morphological characters used traditionally for generic delimitation and in non-molecular cladistic analyses of Spiranthinae are discussed against the evolutionary framework set by our molecular trees, emphasizing putative synapomorphies and problems derived from inappropriate character coding or incorrect homology assessments. Our ancestral area analysis indicates that Spiranthinae originated in eastern South America, with subsequent migrations and secondary radiations in Mesoamerica and North America, plus a derived migration from the latter region to the Old World (Spiranthes).
Data from: The effect of taxonomic corrections on Phanerozoic generic richness trends in marine bivalves with a discussion on the clade's overall history
This study uses a comprehensive, revised, and updated global bivalve dataset combining information from two major databases available to study temporal trends in Phanerozoic bivalve richness: the Sepkoski Compendium and the Paleobiology Database. This compilation results in greater taxonomic and stratigraphic coverage than possible with either of the two databases alone. However, there are challenges in directly comparing these two sources due to differences in their taxonomic designations and stratigraphic range information. Moreover, both of these datasets are fraught with a number of taxonomic errors, which can significantly bias the overall richness estimate. Additionally, a substantial number of taxonomic corrections were made before a new Phanerozoic bivalve richness curve was produced. The new generic taxonomic curve is comparable with the trajectory of the Sepkoski's modern fauna and shows rapid and substantial diversification through the Ordovician, followed by a Paleozoic plateau, a Mesozoic high, and Cenozoic diversification after a small reduction in richness associated with the K/Pg extinction. The steep Cenozoic rise documented in the raw richness curve derived from the new dataset is likely real, and reflects the overall robustness and completeness of the bivalve fossil record.
Data from: Phylogeny and generic delimitation in Molluginaceae, new pigment data in Caryophyllales, and the new family Corbichoniaceae
The circumscription of Molluginaceae has changed radically in recent years, with Corbichonia being moved to Lophiocarpaceae, Limeum to Limeaceae, Macarthuria to Macarthuriaceae and all species of Hypertelis, except the type, to Kewa in Kewaceae. In a broad analysis of core Caryophyllales using plastid trnK-matK and rbcL sequences, the position of Molluginaceae in a strict sense as sister to the Portulacineae clade is corroborated, as are the positions of Corbichonia, Limeum and Kewa outside the family. The phylogeny of Molluginaceae is reconstructed based on trnK-matK and nuclear ITS sequences of about half of the currently recognized species in the family and with representatives from all recognized genera. Mollugo is found to be polyphyletic and a new taxonomy for the family with 11 genera is proposed. Mollugo in its new restricted sense is a mainly American genus of about 15 species, including M. ulei comb. nov., previously placed in the monotypic Glischrothamnus. The Australian and Asian genus Trigastrotheca is resurrected for T. molluginea, T. pentaphylla comb. nov. and T. stricta comb. nov. The name Paramollugo nom. nov. is proposed for the Mollugo nudicaulis group and the combinations P. angustifolia comb. nov., P. cuneifolia comb. nov., P. decandra comb. nov., P. deltoidea comb. nov., P. navassensis comb. nov. and P. nudicaulis comb. nov. are made. Hypertelis is expanded to include, besides the type H. spergulacea, also H. cerviana comb. nov., H. fragilis comb. nov., H. umbellata comb. nov. and H. walteri comb. nov. In Pharnaceum, the new combination P. namaquense comb. nov. is made, Hypertelis longifolia is treated as a synonym of P. lineare and Mollugo tenella as a synonym of P. subtile. Corbichonia is proposed to be treated as a family of its own, Corbichoniaceae fam. nov. Several names are lectotypified, including the Linnaean Mollugo pentaphylla and M. stricta. An anthocyanin is reported for the first time from Simmondsiaceae. The detection of anthocyanins in members of Kewaceae and Molluginaceae agree with previous reports and corroborate the view that these families represent reversals from betalains to anthocyanins. The report of an anthocyanin in Limeaceae, previously regarded as unpigmented, apparently represents a newly detected reversal from betalains to anthocyanins in this family.
Data from: Generic and specific facets of vulnerability for analyzing trade-offs and synergies in natural resource management
<p>1. The concept of vulnerability as the combination of exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity to a stressor is gaining traction outside of the climate realm, opening new avenues to address contemporary sustainability issues more holistically. Yet, critical notions that underpin vulnerability have yet to be integrated into its application to natural resource management and non-climatic stressors. In particular, the way generic and stressor-specific facets of vulnerability interact and can inform decision-makers about how interventions combine and/or trade-off remains unexplored.</p> <p>2. Here, we investigate the salience of the generic/specific framing in the context of Chilean artisanal fishing communities engaged in rights-based co-management and experiencing pressures from two stressors: poaching and market volatility. Specifically, we draw on market data combined with socioeconomic surveys conducted with 446 members and leaders from 42 fisher unions to quantitatively investigate potential trade-offs and synergies between facets of vulnerability to poaching and markets.</p> <p>3. Generic adaptive capacity (i.e. flexibility, assets, learning, organization and agency) likely facilitated stressor-specific adaptive capacities to both stressors. High levels of specific adaptive capacity to one stressor neither increased exposure nor undermined specific adaptive capacity to the other stressor. However, adaptive capacity did not translate into exposure reduction as expected, suggesting that adaptation barriers may prevent fishers from mobilizing adaptive capacity into effective adaptive action.</p> <p>4. This study illustrates how breaking down vulnerability into generic and specific facets can help us better anticipate important trade-offs and synergies in management interventions. More generally, it highlights the potential of the climate adaptation and vulnerability literatures in informing place-based management of natural resources.</p>
Pharmaceutical Equivalence of Distributed Generic Antiretroviral (ARV) in Asian settings: the cross-sectional surveillance study -PEDA study
<p>This is the raw data for the PEDA study.</p>
FIGURE 1 in Thulinius, new generic name substituting for Thulinia Bertolani, 1981 (Tardigrada, Eutardigrada)
FIGURE 1 – Details of sclerified structures in Thulinius. A: buccal armature; B: subdivided lobes in T. augusti; C: crestshaped apophyses for the insertion of the stylet muscles on the buccal tube; D: buccalpharyngeal apparatus. Claws on the third pair of legs in E: T. stephaniae, F: T. ruffoi, G: T. augusti. (A and D modified from Bertolani (1982); C, E and F from Bertolani (1982); B and G from Bertolani et al. (1999)).
FIGURES 1–8 in On the generic placement and taxonomic status of some Miltochrista taxa described by Franz Daniel (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae)
FIGURES 1–8. Lyclene (1–7) and Miltochrista (8) spp.: adults. 1, L. clara, holotype male, China, Li-kiang (ZFMK); 2, L. clara, paratype female, China, Li-kiang (ZFMK); 3, L. tibeta, holotype male, China, A-tun-tse (ZFMK); 4, L. tibeta, paratype male, China, A-tun-tse (ZFMK); 5, L. gilva, holotype male, China, Batang (Tibet) (ZFMK); 6, L. gilva, paratype female, China, Batang (Tibet) (ZFMK); 7, L. humilis, a type species of Lyclene, Nepal (CAV); 8, M. miniata, a type species of Miltochrista, West Siberia (CAV).
FIGURE 3 in the generic status of Baiyankamys and description of a new species of Hydromys
FIGURE 3. Dorsal and ventral views of the skins of Hydromys ziegleri (a, c; BBMNG 101683, adult female holotype) and Hydromys hussoni (b, d; AM M18627; adult female paratype). Scale bar = 20 mm.
FIGURE 2 in the generic status of Baiyankamys and description of a new species of Hydromys
FIGURE 2. Skulls of the four amphibious murine rodent genera of New Guinea. From top to bottom: Parahydromys asper, Hydromys hussoni, Baiyankamys shawmayeri, and Crossomys moncktoni. Adapted from Flannery (1995:525–526).
FIGURE 1 in the generic status of Baiyankamys and description of a new species of Hydromys
FIGURE 1. Distribution of the smallerbodied species of Hydromys (H. hussoni, locality 1; H. ziegleri, 2) and the species of Baiyankamys (B. habbema, localities 3–4; B. shawmayeri, 5–13) in New Guinea.
FIGURE 4 in the generic status of Baiyankamys and description of a new species of Hydromys
FIGURE 4. Crania and mandibles of Hydromys ziegleri (below, adult female holotype) and Hydromys hussoni (above, AM M18627, adult female paratype).
FIGURES 1–5 in Denopelopia Roback & Rutter from China with emendation of the generic diagnosis (Diptera: Chironomidae: Tanypodinae)
FIGURES 1–5. Denopelopia bractea sp. n. male imago. 1, wing. 2, both semilyrate tibial spurs on mid leg. 3, scalelike setae and short spur on fore tibia. 4, tibial spurs and tibial comb on hind leg. 5, hypopygium.
FIGURES 168–177 in A revision of the VartaStymphalus generic complex of the leafhopper tribe Scaphytopiini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from the Old World
FIGURES 168–177. Species of Xenovarta gen. nov. 168–169. H. cylindrica sp. nov.: 168. Aedeagus, lateral view; 169. Same, caudal view. 170–177. H. harpago sp. nov.: 170. Male genital capsule; 171. Fused valve and subgenital plates; 172. Sclerotized pad on caudal margin of subgenital plate; 173. Style; 174; Connective. 175. Aedeagus, lateral view; 176. Aedeagal shaft, caudal view; 177. Female ovipositor.
FIGURES 144–153 in A revision of the VartaStymphalus generic complex of the leafhopper tribe Scaphytopiini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from the Old World
FIGURES 144–153. Xenovarta compressa gen. et sp. nov.: 144. Male genital capsule, lateral view; 145. Fused valve and subgenital plates; 146. Style; 147. Connective; 148. Aedeagus, lateral view; 149. Same, caudal view; 150. Aedeagal shaft showing lateral rim.151–153. Xenovarta cylindrica sp. nov.: 151. Head and thorax; 152. Face; 153. Female ovipositor.
FIGURES 134–143 in A revision of the VartaStymphalus generic complex of the leafhopper tribe Scaphytopiini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from the Old World
FIGURES 134–143. Xenovarta acuta gen. et sp. nov.: 134. Head and thorax; 135. Same, profile; 136. Male genital capsule, lateral view; 137. Fused valve and subgenital plates; 138. Style; 139. Connective; 140. Aedeagus, lateral view; 141. Same, caudal view; 142. Variation in lateral processes of aedeagus; 143. Female ovipositor.
FIGURES 154–167 in A revision of the VartaStymphalus generic complex of the leafhopper tribe Scaphytopiini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from the Old World
FIGURES 154–167. Species of Xenovarta gen. nov. 154–162. H. ankusha sp. nov.: 154. Head and thorax; 155. Profile; 156. Apex of forewing; 157. Male genital capsule, lateral view; 158. Fused valve and subgenital plates; 159. Connective and style; 160. Aedeagus, lateral view; 161–162. Different views of aedeagal shaft. 163–167. H. cylindrica sp. nov.: 163. Head and thorax, profile; 164. Male genital capsule, lateral view; 165. Fused subgenital plates and valve; 166. Style; 167. Connective.
FIGURES 125–133 in A revision of the VartaStymphalus generic complex of the leafhopper tribe Scaphytopiini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from the Old World
FIGURES 125–133. Vartatopa bifurcata gen. et sp. nov.: 125. Head and thorax; 126. Same, profile; 127. Face; 128. Male genital capsule, lateral view; 129. Fused subgenital plate and valve; 130. Anal collar process and aedeagus, caudal view; 131. Apophysis of style; 132. Aedeagus, lateral view; 133. Same, ventral view.
FIGURES 115–124 in A revision of the VartaStymphalus generic complex of the leafhopper tribe Scaphytopiini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from the Old World
FIGURES 115–124. Vartalapa curvata sp. nov. 115. Head and thorax; 116. Same, profile; 117. Face; 118. Apex of forewing; 119. Male genital capsule, lateral view; 120. Male pygophore, dorsal view; 121. Valve and subgenital plate; 122. Style; 123. Connective and aedeagus, lateral view; 124. Same, ventral view.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.