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Fig. 2 in An Integrative Taxonomic Review of the Quedius erythrogaster Mannerheim Species Group in North America (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Quediini)

Fig. 2. Fifty percent majority rule consensus tree from an unpartitioned Bayesian phylogenetic analysis of the "barcoding" region of COI. Posterior probability, SH-aLRT, and ultrafast bootstrap values, respectively, to the left of the corresponding node. Nodes colored as: green, PP ≥ 0.90, and either SH-aLRT ≥ 80 or UFB ≥ 95; yellow, one of PP ≥ 0.90, SH-aLRT ≥ 80, or UFB ≥ 95; red, PP <0.90, SH-aLRT <80, and UFB <95. Inset photo: Quedius alesi, new species.

Fig. 5 in An Integrative Taxonomic Review of the Quedius erythrogaster Mannerheim Species Group in North America (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Quediini)

Fig. 5. Aedeagi of the erythrogaster complex. A–B) Quedius bicoloris, C–G) Q. erythrogaster, H–I) Q. miltoni, new species, J–L) Q. alesi, new species. Median lobe in: A) Ventral, and B, G, I, L) Lateral view. C, J) Aedeagus in ventral view, D, E, H, K) Apex of median lobe in ventral view, F) Apex of paramere showing peg setae. Scale bars = 0.5 mm.

Fig. 4. Abdominal tergite IV in An Integrative Taxonomic Review of the Quedius erythrogaster Mannerheim Species Group in North America (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Quediini)

Fig. 4. Abdominal tergite IV, punctation: A) Quedius praticola, new species, B) Q. pullmani. Elytral punctation: C) Q. bicoloris, D) Q. alesi, new species. Scale bars: A–B = 0.5 mm; C–D = 1 mm.

Fig. 7. Female tergite X in An Integrative Taxonomic Review of the Quedius erythrogaster Mannerheim Species Group in North America (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Quediini)

Fig. 7. Female tergite X of the erythrogaster species group. A) Quedius bicoloris, B) Q. erythrogaster, C) Q. miltoni, new species, D) Q. alesi, new species, E) Q. pullmani, F) Q. praticola, new species, G) Q. pinetis, new species, appearance same in Q. compransor. Scale bars = 0.5 mm.

Fig. 3. A in An Integrative Taxonomic Review of the Quedius erythrogaster Mannerheim Species Group in North America (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Quediini)

Fig. 3. A) Quedius compransor, hind margin of head, basal puncture close to nuchal ridge, B) Q. pinetis, new species, male abdominal sternites, arrow indicates setose patch of sternite VI, C) Q. compransor, distal antennomeres, D) Q. praticola, new species, distal antennomeres, E) Q. compransor, detail of pronotal microsculpture, F) Q. pinetis, new species, detail of pronotal microsculpture. Scale bars: A–B = 1 mm; C–F = 0.5 mm.

Fig. 8 in An Integrative Taxonomic Review of the Quedius erythrogaster Mannerheim Species Group in North America (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Quediini)

Fig. 8. Distributions of erythrogaster species group. A) Quedius bicoloris, B) Q. erythrogaster (circles), Q. miltoni, new species (pink triangles), Q. alesi, new species (blue squares), C) Q. pullmani, D) Q. praticola, new species (pink triangles), Q. compransor (circles), Q. pinetis, new species (blue squares).

Figure 7 in Songs, genetics, and morphology: revealing the taxonomic units in the European Cicadetta cerdaniensis cicada group, with a description of new taxa (Hemiptera: Cicadidae)

Figure 7. Box plots of important song duration variables in Cicadetta cerdaniensis s.str. (eight individuals) and Cicadetta sibillae sp. nov. (22 individuals), and of the linear discriminant analysis (LDA) between 18 song variables for a 23– 28 °C perch temperature range; ED, echeme durations; FP, first echeme part; IED, inter-echeme durations; SP, second echeme part.

Figure 8 in Songs, genetics, and morphology: revealing the taxonomic units in the European Cicadetta cerdaniensis cicada group, with a description of new taxa (Hemiptera: Cicadidae)

Figure 8. Echemes of phrase 3 in Cicadetta cerdaniensis s.str. (△) and Cicadetta sibillae sp. nov. (◆). A, duration of echemes as a function of perch temperature, with linear regression trend lines and standard errors (grey areas). B, box plot of the number of syllables per echeme given as mean values of 20 echemes for each individual. C–F, oscillograms (time versus amplitude) close to the linear regression trend lines of (A): C, C. sibillae sp. nov. at 23 °C perch temperature (with measured duration terms, Northern Apenninian metapopulation); D, C. sibillae sp. nov. at 28 °C (Western Alpine metapopulation); E, C. cerdaniensis s.str. at 23 °C (Eastern Pyrenees); F, C. cerdaniensis s.str. at 28 °C (Eastern Pyrenees).

Figure 9 in Songs, genetics, and morphology: revealing the taxonomic units in the European Cicadetta cerdaniensis cicada group, with a description of new taxa (Hemiptera: Cicadidae)

Figure 9. Distribution map of the species of the Cicadetta cerdaniensis song group (15 × 15-km2 grid cells). Notes: cells recently checked in the framework of the Swiss and Italian projects of the first author without detection of a taxon of this group are brownish. The Cicadetta cantilatrix distribution range is not completely visible. Published records of Cicadetta cantilatrix by Sueur & Puissant (2007), Trilar & Holzinger (2004), Hertach (2007), Brua & Hugel (2008), Trilar & Gogala (2012), and Hertach & Nagel (2013).

Figure 11 in Songs, genetics, and morphology: revealing the taxonomic units in the European Cicadetta cerdaniensis cicada group, with a description of new taxa (Hemiptera: Cicadidae)

Figure 11. Relative portions from the northern simpler to the southern more complex song patterns in phrase 3, including the southern Italian contact zones from Cicadetta sibillae sp. nov. to Cicadetta anapaistica lucana ssp. nov., and from Cicadetta anapaistica lucana ssp. nov. to Cicadetta anapaistica anapaistica. The size of the circles is in proportion to the phrases counted (nmax = 111, nmin = 5), with a maximum of ten per specimen. Sibi_norm (C. sibillae sp. nov., no variability), 100% single (ungrouped) echemes; luca_simp (simplified C. a. lucana ssp. nov.),>50% single (ungrouped) echemes, <50% grouped double short echemes; luca_norm (normal C. a. lucana ssp. nov.),>50% grouped double short echemes; luca_comp (complicated C. a. lucana ssp. nov.), more than two short echemes per group occurring; anap_simp (simplified C. a. anapaistica), <50% of groups with final longer faint echemes; anap_norm (normal C. a. anapaistica),>50% of groups with final longer faint echemes and double short echemes; anap_comp (complicated C. a. anapaistica),>50% of groups with more than two short echemes and final longer faint echemes. Note: all populations north of the illustrations have the typical C. sibillae sp. nov. pattern, without exception (orange).

Figure 6 in Songs, genetics, and morphology: revealing the taxonomic units in the European Cicadetta cerdaniensis cicada group, with a description of new taxa (Hemiptera: Cicadidae)

Figure 6. Oscillograms (time versus amplitude) of typical calling songs in the Cicadetta cerdaniensis group (20-s sections of different phrases on the left, 2-s sections of phrase 2 on the right, with terms of variables): A, Cicadetta cantilatrix (phrases 2–1, Basel-Land, Switzerland); B, Cicadetta cerdaniensis s.str. (phrases 1–3–1–2, Eastern Pyrenees, France); C, Cicadetta sibillae sp. nov. (phrases 2–3–2, Tuscany, Italy); D, Cicadetta anapaistica lucana ssp. nov. (phrases 2– 3–2, Basilicata, Italy); E, Cicadetta anapaistica anapaistica (phrases 2–3–2, Calabria, Italy); F, Cicadetta brevipennis song pattern for comparison. Triangles indicating the beginning of the phrases: ▲, typically clear transitions, with phrase 3 involved; △, smooth transitions between phrases 1 and 2. For more details of phrase 3, see Figures 8C–F and 11.

Figure 5 in Songs, genetics, and morphology: revealing the taxonomic units in the European Cicadetta cerdaniensis cicada group, with a description of new taxa (Hemiptera: Cicadidae)

Figure 5. Morphometry of Cicadetta sibillae sp. nov. and Cicadetta anapaistica: box plots of some significant but not diagnostic differences in sizes and ratios.

Figure 4. A in Songs, genetics, and morphology: revealing the taxonomic units in the European Cicadetta cerdaniensis cicada group, with a description of new taxa (Hemiptera: Cicadidae)

Figure 4. A, Cicadetta sibillae sp. nov. type series with holotype specimen (above) and female paratype (below). B, Cicadetta anapaistica lucana ssp. nov. type series with holotype specimen (above), light morph paratype (centre), and female paratype (below). Basal junction of anal veins (red line) dark in C. sibillae sp. nov. (C, D) and light in Cicadetta cerdaniensis s.str. (E, F). Males of (D) C. sibillae sp. nov., (F) C. cerdaniensis s.str., and (H) C. a. lucana ssp. nov. in natural conditions. G, dorsofrontal view of head and pronotum in (dried) light morph paratype of C. a. lucana ssp. nov.

Figure 2 in Songs, genetics, and morphology: revealing the taxonomic units in the European Cicadetta cerdaniensis cicada group, with a description of new taxa (Hemiptera: Cicadidae)

Figure 2. Chorological pattern of seven undetermined metapopulations in the Cicadetta cerdaniensis song group and distribution areas of described species in Southern Europe. Preliminary classifications with informal names according to qualitative song patterns. Map with locations of analysed data: G, genetics; M, morphology; s, some key variables of the song analysed; S, detailed song analyses (recordings between 23 °C and 28 °C perch temperature only).

Figure 3. Cytochrome c oxidase subunits I and II in Songs, genetics, and morphology: revealing the taxonomic units in the European Cicadetta cerdaniensis cicada group, with a description of new taxa (Hemiptera: Cicadidae)

Figure 3. Cytochrome c oxidase subunits I and II (COI and COII) mitochondrial DNA concatenated phylogeny of the Cicadetta cerdaniensis song group. Maximum-likelihood (ML, GARLI) phylogenies are shown with ML branch lengths (box on the left) and ML bootstrap support. Nodes with less than 50% bootstrap support have been collapsed. Cicadetta fangoana was selected as the out-group taxon; taxa colours correspond to Figure 9. Specimen names include two-letter country codes followed by species or informal names (later in this study: 'cerdaniensis'-like = Cicadetta sibillae sp. nov., 'intermediate' = Cicadetta anapaistica lucana ssp. nov.). Specimen identification numbers are congruent with the type series for undescribed taxa. Cicadetta cantilatrix specimens originate from Switzerland, France, Poland, Slovenia, Macedonia, and Bulgaria. Type localities of Cicadetta cantilatrix, Cicadetta cerdaniensis, and Cicadetta anapaistica are included.

Figure 1 in Songs, genetics, and morphology: revealing the taxonomic units in the European Cicadetta cerdaniensis cicada group, with a description of new taxa (Hemiptera: Cicadidae)

Figure 1. Timbal movement types in the Cicadetta cerdaniensis song group demonstrated in oscillograms (time versus amplitude): A, alternating type, with four signals per syllable; B, synchronous, with two signals per syllable visible (or one timbal not active/destroyed); and C, halfsynchronous, with three signals of variable amplitude visible. Grey bars indicate the duration of one syllable (complete group of buckling inwards and restoration for both timbals).

FIGURE 57 in Taxonomic revision and biogeography of the Tamarix-feeding Diorhabda elongata (Brullé, 1832) species group (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae: Galerucini) and analysis of their potential in biological control of Tamarisk

FIGURE 57. Linear and categorical models for continentality (A) and biomic (B) habitat suitability indices for the Diorhabda elongata species group. Model parameters calculated from descriptive statistics (Fig. 52), including interquartile range (IQR), minimum (MIN) value minus 20% of range (R), and maximum value (MAX) plus 20% of range (labeled in A for D. carinulata).

FIGURE 55 in Taxonomic revision and biogeography of the Tamarix-feeding Diorhabda elongata (Brullé, 1832) species group (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae: Galerucini) and analysis of their potential in biological control of Tamarisk

FIGURE 55. Three dimensional biomic principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) scatter plot for the Diorhabda elongata species group and Tamarix spp. invasive in North America for the first three eigenvectors (cumulative axis loading of 80.92%; Table 13) computed from a biomic Bray-Curtis dissimilarity matrix (Table 12). Biomes in which ranks of species are statistically significantly positively or negatively correlated with ranks of species in each PCoA axis are indicated in parentheses (see Table 13). Plotted with Mod3D module of NTSYSpc (Rohlf 2006).

FIGURES 53–54 in Taxonomic revision and biogeography of the Tamarix-feeding Diorhabda elongata (Brullé, 1832) species group (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae: Galerucini) and analysis of their potential in biological control of Tamarisk

FIGURES 53–54. Biomic dissimilarity dendrograms based on biomic Bray-Curtis dissimilarity matrices. 53—Diorhabda elongata species group (from Table 10), 54—both the D. elongata group and Tamarix species invasive in North America (from Table 12). Dendrograms produced with NTSYSpc Tree plot module (Rohlf 2006) from clusters formed with unweighted arithmetic average clustering (UPGMA) (NTSYSpc SAHN module). Line connecting D. elongata and T. gallica at left signifies that the positions of these taxa are interchangeable in an alternate dendrogram of equal rcoph value.

FIGURE 52 in Taxonomic revision and biogeography of the Tamarix-feeding Diorhabda elongata (Brullé, 1832) species group (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae: Galerucini) and analysis of their potential in biological control of Tamarisk

FIGURE 52. Schematic box plots for distances to the ocean (A) (Proc Boxplot [Boxstyle=Schematic]; SAS Institute 2005) and a bar chart of frequency percentages for distribution of each Diorhabda species across biomes (B) (Proc Freq; SAS Institute 2005) from native presence-only field collection data for the Diorhabda elongata species group at 5 minute grid resolution. Percentage of a species in a biome is number of collections for that species in the biome divided by the number of collections of that species across all biomes. See Figure 51 for explanation of box plots. Sample sizes of field localities (N) and a table summary statistics and plotted values are inset in each chart.