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FIGURE 3 in The amphibian community at Yanayacu Biological Station, Ecuador, with a comparison of vertical microhabitat use among Pristimantis species and the description of a new species of the Pristimantis myersi group

FIGURE 3. Map of Ecuador showing the type locality of Pristimantis bicantus (Yanayacu Biological Station, 0°36' S, 77°53' W, 2100–2300 m).

FIGURE 3 in Two new species of amphibian nematodes from Bhadra Wildlife Sanctuary, Western Ghats, India.

FIGURE 3. Photomicrographs of Female Narsingiella clinotarsi sp. nov. A. Head end showing stoma (Scale bar = 10 µm).B. Head end showing cervical cordons with minute spines (Scale bar = 10 µm). C. Posterior end (Scale bar = 100 µm). D. Esophageal bulbs and intestine (Scale bar = 100µm).E. Eggs in uterus (Scale bar = 50 µm). F. Tail end (Scale bar = 50 µm).

FIGURE 2 in Two new species of amphibian nematodes from Bhadra Wildlife Sanctuary, Western Ghats, India.

FIGURE 2. Photomicrographs of Male Cosmocercoides karnatakaensis sp. nov. A Entire male (Scale bar = 100 µm). B. Anterior end (Scale bar = 20 µm).C. Posterior end showing spicules (Scale bar = 50 µm). D. Tail region with spicule and caudal papillae (Scale bar = 20 µm). E. Somatic papillae (Scale bar = 10 µm). F & G. Caudal rosette papillae (Scale bar = 10 µm). H. Gubernaculum and spicule (Scale bar = 10 µm).

FIGURE1 in Two new species of amphibian nematodes from Bhadra Wildlife Sanctuary, Western Ghats, India.

FIGURE1. Photomicrographs of Female Cosmocercoides karnatakaensis sp. nov. A. Entire female (Scale bar = 100 µm).B. Esophagus (Scale bar = 50 µm).C. Endbulb and excretory cell (Scale bar = 20 µm). D. Vulva (Scale bar = 20 µm).E. Embryos in uterus (Scale bar = 50 µm).

FIGURE 4 in Two new species of amphibian nematodes from Bhadra Wildlife Sanctuary, Western Ghats, India.

FIGURE 4. Photomicrographs of Male Narsingiella clinotarsi sp. nov. A. Head end showing lips with digitiform projections (Scale bar = 10 µm).B. Head end showing cervical cordons with minute spines (Scale bar = 10 µm). C. Posterior end (Scale bar = 50 µm). D. Arrangement of postanal papillae (Scale bar = 10 µm). E. Preanal sucker, gubernaculum and rectum (Scale bar = 50 µm). F. Postanal pedunculated papillae (Scale bar = 10µm).G. Preanal simple papillae (Scale bar = 10 µm). H Esophageal bulbs (Scale bar = 50 µm). I. Spicule with trilobed shaft (Scale bar = 20 µm).

FIGURE 6 in The nomenclatural status of the nomina of amphibians and reptiles created by Garsault (1764), with a parsimonious solution to an old nomenclatural problem regarding the genus Bufo (Amphibia, Anura), comments on the taxonomy of this genus, and comments on some nomina created by Laurenti (1768)

FIGURE 6. Reproduction of part of the tree of anurans in Van Bocxlaer et al. (2009: 3) including their BUFONIDAE. The specific nomina are those used by these authors, whereas the generic nomina in the column on the right are those supported here, either for genera or subgenera (see text for details). Bidirectional arrows point to reported cases of successful hybridization resulting in adult specimens: (1) between Bufo bufo and Bufo viridis (Hemmer & Böhme 1974; Duda 2008); (2) between Bufo calamita and Bufo viridis (Flindt & Hemmer 1967; Hemmer 1973; Schlyter et al. 1991); (3) between Bufo terrestris and Bufo valliceps (Blair 1941; Moore 1955) and between Bufo fowleri and Bufo valliceps (Blair in Moore 1955); (4) between Bufo bufo and Bufo woodhousii (Blair 1972: 420). The larger grey rectangle includes all the species that must be maintained in the genus Bufo according to these data if the crossability criterion of Dubois (1988a-b, 2004c) is implemented. The darker grey rectangles includes species that could be placed in two distinct genera if the only reported case between Bufo bufo and Bufo woodhousii proved to be in error; in this latter case, several genera should be recognized for the species remaining in the lighter grey area. See text for explanations.

FIGURE 4 in The nomenclatural status of the nomina of amphibians and reptiles created by Garsault (1764), with a parsimonious solution to an old nomenclatural problem regarding the genus Bufo (Amphibia, Anura), comments on the taxonomy of this genus, and comments on some nomina created by Laurenti (1768)

FIGURE 4. Reproduction of part of the general tree of amphibians in Frost et al. (2006: 129; 2009b: 144) including their BUFONIDAE. The specific nomina are those used by these authors, whereas the generic nomina in the column on the right are those supported here, either for genera or subgenera (see text for details). Bidirectional arrows point to reported cases of successful hybridization resulting in adult specimens: (1) between Bufo bufo and Bufo viridis (Hemmer & Böhme 1974; Duda 2008); (2) between Bufo terrestris and Bufo valliceps (Blair 1941; Moore 1955) and between Bufo fowleri and Bufo valliceps (Blair in Moore 1955); (3) between Bufo bufo and Bufo woodhousii (Blair 1972: 420). The grey rectangle includes all the species that must be maintained in the genus Bufo according to these data if the crossability criterion of Dubois (1988a-b, 2004c) is implemented. See text for explanations.

FIGURE 5 in The nomenclatural status of the nomina of amphibians and reptiles created by Garsault (1764), with a parsimonious solution to an old nomenclatural problem regarding the genus Bufo (Amphibia, Anura), comments on the taxonomy of this genus, and comments on some nomina created by Laurenti (1768)

FIGURE 5. Reproduction of part of the tree of vertebrates in Pramuk et al. (2008: 76) including their BUFONIDAE. The specific nomina are those used by these authors, whereas the generic nomina in the column on the right are those supported here, either for genera or subgenera (see text for details). Bidirectional arrows point to reported cases of successful hybridization resulting in adult specimens: (1) between Bufo fowleri and Bufo valliceps (Blair in Moore 1955); (2) between Bufo terrestris and Bufo valliceps (Blair 1941; Moore 1955); (3) between Bufo bufo and Bufo woodhousii (Blair 1972: 420). The larger grey rectangle includes all the species that must be maintained in the genus Bufo according to these data if the crossability criterion of Dubois (1988a-b, 2004c) is implemented. The darker grey rectangle includes species that could be excluded from this genus if the only reported case between Bufo bufo and Bufo woodhousii proved to be in error. See text for explanations.

FIGURE 3 in The nomenclatural status of the nomina of amphibians and reptiles created by Garsault (1764), with a parsimonious solution to an old nomenclatural problem regarding the genus Bufo (Amphibia, Anura), comments on the taxonomy of this genus, and comments on some nomina created by Laurenti (1768)

FIGURE 3. Reproductions of extracts from the works of Garsault (1764, 1767): plates 673–675 (1764); text page 414 (1767). See text for explanations.

FIGURE 2 in The nomenclatural status of the nomina of amphibians and reptiles created by Garsault (1764), with a parsimonious solution to an old nomenclatural problem regarding the genus Bufo (Amphibia, Anura), comments on the taxonomy of this genus, and comments on some nomina created by Laurenti (1768)

FIGURE 2. Reproductions of extracts from the work of Garsault (1764): plates 669–672. See text for explanations.

FIGURE 1 in The nomenclatural status of the nomina of amphibians and reptiles created by Garsault (1764), with a parsimonious solution to an old nomenclatural problem regarding the genus Bufo (Amphibia, Anura), comments on the taxonomy of this genus, and comments on some nomina created by Laurenti (1768)

FIGURE 1. Reproductions of extracts from the work of Garsault (1764): title page, plates 666–668. See text for explanations.

FIGURE 9 in Note on a collection of Amphibians and Reptiles from Western Sumatra (Indonesia), with the description of a new species of the genus Bufo

FIGURE 9. Dendrogram representing faunistic similarities between provinces of Sumatra using Average Linkage between groups based on Jaccard coefficients.

FIGURE 7 in Note on a collection of Amphibians and Reptiles from Western Sumatra (Indonesia), with the description of a new species of the genus Bufo

FIGURE 7. (a) Xenodermus javanicus Reinhardt, 1836. Adult specimen, not collected; (b). View of the head; (c) Calliophis intestinalis lineatus (Gray, 1835). MNHN 2002.0442 (female); (d) Tropidolaemus wagleri (Boie, 1827). MHLCLFE C207 (female); (e). View of the head; (f) Takydromus sexlineatus Daudin, 1802. Specimen not preserved from Jakarta, Java

FIGURE 6 in Note on a collection of Amphibians and Reptiles from Western Sumatra (Indonesia), with the description of a new species of the genus Bufo

FIGURE 6. (a) Broghammerus reticulatus (Schneider, 1801). Juvenile specimen not collected; (b) Boiga cynodon (Boie, 1827). Large adult, not collected; view of the head; (c) Dendrelaphis caudolineatus caudolineatus (Gray, 1835). MHLCLFE C167, adult male; (d) Dendrelaphis pictus pictus (Gmelin, 1789). One of the three adult specimens; (e) Pseudorabdion eiselti Inger & Leviton, 1961. MNHN 2002.0438, adult male; (f) Xenocrophis trianguligerus (Boie, 1827). Specimen not preserved.

FIGURE 5 in Note on a collection of Amphibians and Reptiles from Western Sumatra (Indonesia), with the description of a new species of the genus Bufo

FIGURE 5. (a–c) Aphaniotis acutirostris Modigliani, 1889. MNHN 2002.0426, adult male; (d) Bronchocella cristatella (Kuhl, 1830). MHLCLFE 429, adult female; (e) Lygosoma quadrupes (Linnaeus, 1758). MNHN 2002.0428 (unsexed adult), preserved.

FIGURE 4 in Note on a collection of Amphibians and Reptiles from Western Sumatra (Indonesia), with the description of a new species of the genus Bufo

FIGURE 4. (a) Limnonectes sp. MNHN 2003.3405, young male; (b) Limnonectes shompenorum Das, 1996. MNHN 2003.3377, adult female; (c) Huia sumatrana Yang, 1991. MNHN 2003.3379, adult female; (d) Rana rufipes Inger, Stuart & Iskandar, 2008. MNHN 2003.3407, adult female; (e) Rana erythraea (Schlegel, 1837). Not collected; (f) Ichthyophis paucisulcus Taylor, 1960. MNHN 2003.3409, probably adult.

FIGURE 3 in Note on a collection of Amphibians and Reptiles from Western Sumatra (Indonesia), with the description of a new species of the genus Bufo

FIGURE 3. (a) Microhyla berdmorei (Blyth, 1856). MNHN 2003.3374, sex and stage not observable; (b) Rana glandulosa Boulenger, 1892. Not collected; (c) Polypedates leucomystax (Gravenhorst, 1829). MNHN 2003.3406, adult female.

FIGURE 2. Bufo sumatranus Peters, 1971. Holotype, ZMB 6292 in Note on a collection of Amphibians and Reptiles from Western Sumatra (Indonesia), with the description of a new species of the genus Bufo

FIGURE 2. Bufo sumatranus Peters, 1971. Holotype, ZMB 6292, young. Dorsal and ventral view, lateral view of head, ventral view of throat and hand.

FIGURE 1 in Note on a collection of Amphibians and Reptiles from Western Sumatra (Indonesia), with the description of a new species of the genus Bufo

FIGURE 1. Bufo (Duttaphrynus) totol Ohler, spec. nov. Holotype, MNHN 2003.3373, adult female. Dorsal and ventral view, lateral view of head, ventral view of throat and hand.