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Figure 17 from: Muratov IV, Heyns-Veale E (2020) Primary types in the collection of molluscs in the KwaZulu-Natal Museum: Patellogastropoda and Lepetellida. African Invertebrates 61(1): 49-81. https://doi.org/10.3897/afrinvertebr.61.51989
Figure 17 Scissurella agulhasensis Thiele, 1925. Neotype T1916/NMSA-MOL 0W181. Scale bar: 1 mm.
In situ resistance, not immigration, supports invertebrate community resilience to drought intensification in a Neotropical ecosystem
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">While future climate scenarios predict declines in precipitations in many regions of the world, little is known of the mechanisms underlying community resilience to prolonged dry seasons, especially in "naïve" Neotropical rainforests. Predictions of community resilience to intensifying drought are complicated by the fact that the underlying mechanisms are mediated by species' tolerance and resistance traits<b>, </b>as well as rescue through dispersal from source patches.</p> <p class="MsoNoSpacing">We examined the contribution of <i>in situ</i> tolerance-resistance and immigration to community resilience, following drought events that ranged from the ambient norm to IPCC scenarios and extreme events.</p> <p class="MsoNoSpacing">We used rainshelters above rainwater-filled bromeliads of French Guiana to emulate a gradient of drought intensity (from 1 to 6 times the current number of consecutive days without rainfall), and we analyzed the post-drought dynamics of the taxonomic and functional community structure of aquatic invertebrates to these treatments when immigration is excluded (by netting bromeliads) or permitted (no nets).</p> <p class="MsoNoSpacing">Drought intensity negatively affected invertebrate community resistance, but had a positive influence on community recovery during the post-drought phase. After droughts of 1 to 1.4 times the current intensities, the overall invertebrate abundance recovered within invertebrate life cycle durations (up to 2 months). Shifts in taxonomic composition were more important after longer droughts, but overall, community composition showed recovery towards baseline states. The non-random patterns of changes in functional community structure indicated that deterministic processes like environmental filtering of traits drive community re-assembly patterns after a drought event. Community resilience mostly relied on <i>in situ </i>tolerance-resistance traits. A rescue effect of immigration after a drought event was weak and mostly apparent under extreme droughts.</p> <p class="MsoNoSpacing">Under climate change scenarios of drought intensification in Neotropical regions, community and ecosystem resilience could primarily depend on the persistence of suitable habitats and on the resistance traits of species, while metacommunity dynamics could make a minor contribution to ecosystem recovery. Climate change adaptation should thus aim at identifying and preserving local conditions that foster <i>in situ</i> resistance and the buffering effects of habitat features.</p>
Conservation of cell communication systems in invertebrate host–defence mechanisms: possible role in immunity and disease
<p>Video S1. TNT-like structures (white arrow) in live hemocytes from Mytilus galloprovincialis.</p>
Figure 7 from: Kaltenbach T, Gattolliat J-L (2020) Pedicelliops gen. nov., a new genus from West Africa with striking antennae (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae). African Invertebrates 61(2): 119-135. https://doi.org/10.3897/afrinvertebr.61.59354
Figure 7 Pedicelliops capillifer gen. et sp. nov., distribution a Africa, green: Guinea b Guinea.
Figure 2 from: Kioko GM, Marusik YM, Li S, Kioko EN, Ji L (2021) Checklist of the spiders (Araneae) of Kenya. African Invertebrates 62(1): 49-229. https://doi.org/10.3897/afrinvertebr.62.58776
Figure 2 Newly-reported spider species in Kenya over different time periods.
Data from: Invertebrate community response to fire and rodent activity in the Mojave and Great Basin Deserts
Recent increases in the frequency and size of desert wildfires bring into question the impacts of fire on desert invertebrate communities. Furthermore, consumer communities can strongly impact invertebrates through predation and top‐down effects on plant community assembly. We experimentally applied burn and rodent exclusion treatments in a full factorial design at sites in both the Mojave and Great Basin deserts to examine the impact that fire and rodent consumers have on invertebrate communities. Pitfall traps were used to survey invertebrates from April through September 2016 to determine changes in abundance, richness, and diversity of invertebrate communities in response to fire and rodent treatments. Generally speaking, rodent exclusion had very little effect on invertebrate abundance or ant abundance, richness or diversity. The one exception was ant abundance, which was higher in rodent access plots than in rodent exclusion plots in June 2016, but only at the Great Basin site. Fire had little effect on the abundances of invertebrate groups at either desert site, with the exception of a negative effect on flying‐forager abundance at our Great Basin site. However, fire reduced ant species richness and Shannon's diversity at both desert sites. Fire did appear to indirectly affect ant community composition by altering plant community composition. Structural equation models suggest that fire increased invasive plant cover, which negatively impacted ant species richness and Shannon's diversity, a pattern that was consistent at both desert sites. These results suggest that invertebrate communities demonstrate some resilience to fire and invasions but increasing fire and spread of invasive due to invasive grass fire cycles may put increasing pressure on the stability of invertebrate communities.
Data from: Small mammal herbivores mediate the effects of soil nitrogen and invertebrate herbivores on grassland diversity
1. Simultaneous reductions in herbivore abundance and increases in nitrogen deposition have led to radical shifts in plant communities worldwide. While the individual impacts of these human-caused disturbances are apparent, few studies manipulate both herbivory and N, nor differentiate among herbivore guilds, to understand contingencies in the ability of these drivers to affect producer diversity and productivity. As such, understanding how the main and combined effects of increasing soil N with declining herbivores may influence plant community structure and function is critical to better understand the future of grassland ecosystems under multiple global change drivers. 2. In this study, we asked: (1) What are the main effects of small mammal herbivores, invertebrate herbivores, and soil N on plant community structure and function? and (2) Are the effects of invertebrate herbivores and soil N on plant community structure and function contingent on small mammal herbivory? We used a design, with invertebrate and soil N treatments nested within small mammal manipulations in an existing tall grass prairie. We quantified plant community structure ( plant richness, evenness, diversity, and composition). We also recorded total aboveground biomass to quantify grassland productivity. 3. We found that small mammal herbivores strongly shaped plant diversity, species composition, and productivity. Small mammal herbivores also mediated the effects of soil N and invertebrate herbivores on grassland community structure, but not composition or productivity. Small mammal reduction lowered plant species richness while increasing above ground biomass and altering compositional similarity. Invertebrate herbivores, in the presence of small mammals, promoted plant dominance by reducing evenness without altering compositional similarity. Additionally, soil nitrogen addition reduced plant richness, but only when small mammals were reduced, and no effects on compositional similarity or productivity. 4. Our findings provide further evidence that temperate grasslands productivity and diversity are driven by top and bottom up factors.
Data from: Sorting specimen-rich invertebrate samples with cost-effective NGS barcodes: validating a reverse workflow for specimen processing
Biologists frequently sort specimen-rich samples to species. This process is daunting when based on morphology, and disadvantageous if performed using molecular methods that destroy vouchers (e.g., metabarcoding). An alternative is barcoding every specimen in a bulk sample and then presorting the specimens using DNA barcodes, thus mitigating downstream morphological work on presorted units. Such a "reverse workflow" is too expensive using Sanger sequencing, but we here demonstrate that is feasible with an NGS barcoding pipeline that allows for cost-effective high throughput generation of short specimen-specific barcodes (313 bp of COI; lab cost <$0.50 per specimen) through Next Generation Sequencing of tagged amplicons. We applied our approach to a large sample of tropical ants, obtaining barcodes for 3290 of 4032 specimens (82%). NGS barcodes and their corresponding specimens were then sorted into molecular operational taxonomic units (mOTUs) based on objective clustering and Automated Barcode Gap Discovery (ABGD). High diversity of 88-90 mOTUs (4% clustering) was found and morphologically validated based on preserved vouchers. The mOTUs were overwhelmingly in agreement with morphospecies (match ratio 0.95 at 4% clustering). Because of lack of coverage in existing barcode databases, only 18 could be accurately identified to named species, but our study yielded new barcodes for 48 species, including 28 that are potentially new to science. With its low cost and technical simplicity, the NGS barcoding pipeline can be implemented by a large range of laboratories. It accelerates invertebrate species discovery, facilitates downstream taxonomic work, helps with building comprehensive barcode databases, and yields precise abundance information.
Figure 7 from: Kaltenbach T, Gattolliat J-L (2021) A new genus from Madagascar with strongly enlarged labium (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae). African Invertebrates 62(2): 465-484. https://doi.org/10.3897/afrinvertebr.62.73911
Figure 7 Megalabiops madagasikara gen. et sp. nov., distribution in Madagascar.
Figure 9 from: Williams KA, Snyman LP (2021) Tabanidae (Diptera) holotypes in the KwaZulu-Natal Museum collection: Part 1. Haematopota. African Invertebrates 62(2): 485-495. https://doi.org/10.3897/afrinvertebr.62.76103
Figure 9 Haematopota tropai holotype A dorsal B lateral C head D wing. Scale bars: 2 mm.
Figure 8 from: Williams KA, Snyman LP (2021) Tabanidae (Diptera) holotypes in the KwaZulu-Natal Museum collection: Part 1. Haematopota. African Invertebrates 62(2): 485-495. https://doi.org/10.3897/afrinvertebr.62.76103
Figure 8 Haematopota spectablilis holotype A dorsal B lateral C head D wing. Scale bars: 3 mm.
Figure 1 from: Williams KA, Snyman LP (2021) Tabanidae (Diptera) holotypes in the KwaZulu-Natal Museum collection: Part 1. Haematopota. African Invertebrates 62(2): 485-495. https://doi.org/10.3897/afrinvertebr.62.76103
Figure 1 Haematopota anomala holotype A dorsal B lateral C head D wing. Scale bars: 2 mm.
Coupling of geographic range and provincialism in Cambrian marine invertebrates
<p>The file contains original download of occurrences from PBDB (pbdb_occ_download.csv) and the dataset ((Cambrian_pbdb_2021-09-03.csv)) used for the study, the temperoal binning of which is based on biostratigraphic correlation in supplementary file S1. Code and results are also included to reproduce the analysis.</p>
Figures 4- 5 from: Londt JGH (2019) A revision of Empodiodes Oldroyd, 1972 with the descriptions of two new species from South Africa (Diptera, Asilidae, Stenopogoninae). African Invertebrates 60(1): 67-82. https://doi.org/10.3897/afrinvertebr.60.33075
Figures 4- 5 Empodiodes wings: 4E.pusillipes sp. nov. 5E.torridus sp. nov.
Figure 3 from: Londt JGH (2019) A revision of Empodiodes Oldroyd, 1972 with the descriptions of two new species from South Africa (Diptera, Asilidae, Stenopogoninae). African Invertebrates 60(1): 67-82. https://doi.org/10.3897/afrinvertebr.60.33075
Figure 3 Empodiodespusillipes sp. nov. entire holotype ♂ (Photo Pillay).
Figure 14 from: Londt JGH (2019) A revision of Empodiodes Oldroyd, 1972 with the descriptions of two new species from South Africa (Diptera, Asilidae, Stenopogoninae). African Invertebrates 60(1): 67-82. https://doi.org/10.3897/afrinvertebr.60.33075
Figure 14 Empodiodestorridus sp. nov. entire holotype ♂ (Photo Muller).
Figure 1 from: Londt JGH (2019) A revision of Empodiodes Oldroyd, 1972 with the descriptions of two new species from South Africa (Diptera, Asilidae, Stenopogoninae). African Invertebrates 60(1): 67-82. https://doi.org/10.3897/afrinvertebr.60.33075
Figure 1 Empodiodesgreatheadi Oldroyd, 1972 holotype. Scale bars: in mm. (Photo BMNH).
Figures 9-13 from: Otero JC, Pereira JM (2017) Records of the genus Micrambe Thomson, 1863 (Coleoptera, Cryptophagidae) from Madagascar and Réunion Island. African Invertebrates 58(1): 49-64. https://doi.org/10.3897/AfrInvertebr.58.12022
Figures 9-13 - Micrambe consors: 9 General view 10 antenna 11 pronotum 12 paramere; 13 aedeagus.
Figure 1 from: Kurina O, Mantič M, Ševčík J (2017) A remarkable new genus of Keroplatidae (Insecta, Diptera) from the Afrotropical region, with DNA sequence data. African Invertebrates 58(1): 93-105. https://doi.org/10.3897/afrinvertebr.58.12655
Figure 1 - The sampling locality of Kibaleana apicospinosa sp. n. in southern Uganda.
Figure 1 from: Assmann T, Boutaud E, Drees C, Marcus T, Nolte D, Starke W, Terlutter H, Völler E, Zumstein P (2017) Two new Lebistina Motschulsky, 1864 species from Kenya and Tanzania (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Lebiini). African Invertebrates 58(1): 9-21. https://doi.org/10.3897/afrinvertebr.58.11456
Figure 1 - Lebistina rehagei sp. n., habitus (female).
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.