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Figure 3 from: Hayashi M, Sugiura S (2021) Shell-breaking predation on gastropods by Badister pictus (Coleoptera, Carabidae) with strikingly asymmetric mandibles. In: Spence J, Casale A, Assmann T, Liebherr JК, Penev L (Eds) Systematic Zoology and Biodiversity Science: A tribute to Terry Erwin (1940-2020). ZooKeys 1044: 815-830. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1044.62293
Figure 3 Shells broken by Badister pictusACyclophorus herklotsi Martens, 1860 BDiplommatina sp. CSemisulcospira libertina (Gould, 1859) D, EPhysa acutaFGyraulus tokyoensis (Mori, 1938) GHippeutis cantoriHPolypylis hemisphaerula (Benson, 1842) IPseudosuccinea columella (Say, 1817) JOpeas pyrgulaKZonitoides arboreusLSinoennea iwakawa (Pilsbry, 1900) MAegista aemula (Gude, 1900) N, OEuhadra idzumonis (Pilsbry & Gulock, 1900) P adult B. pictusA, F, G, H, K, M, N dorsal view B, C, D, J, L, O front view E, I back view. The soft bodies of these snails were eaten by B. pictus.
Figure 2 from: Hayashi M, Sugiura S (2021) Shell-breaking predation on gastropods by Badister pictus (Coleoptera, Carabidae) with strikingly asymmetric mandibles. In: Spence J, Casale A, Assmann T, Liebherr JК, Penev L (Eds) Systematic Zoology and Biodiversity Science: A tribute to Terry Erwin (1940-2020). ZooKeys 1044: 815-830. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1044.62293
Figure 2 Attacking and feeding behavior of Badister pictus adults A adult biting the outer lip of Zonitoides arboreus (Say, 1816) B adult feeding on the soft body after opening the shell of Z. arboreusC adult breaking the shell of Opeas pyrgula Schmacker & Boettger, 1891 D adult biting the outer lip of Metalycaeus hirasei (Pilsbry, 1900) E adult feeding on the soft body from the broken shell of Hippeutis cantori (Benson, 1850) F adult biting the basal lip of the sinistral snail Physa acuta Draparnaud, 1805.
Figure 1 from: Hayashi M, Sugiura S (2021) Shell-breaking predation on gastropods by Badister pictus (Coleoptera, Carabidae) with strikingly asymmetric mandibles. In: Spence J, Casale A, Assmann T, Liebherr JК, Penev L (Eds) Systematic Zoology and Biodiversity Science: A tribute to Terry Erwin (1940-2020). ZooKeys 1044: 815-830. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1044.62293
Figure 1 Mandibles of adult Badister pictusA, B photos from a stereoscopic microscope C–I photos by a SEMA, C dorsal view B, D dorsal view (from the front) E dorsal view (from the left mandible) F dorsal view (from the right mandible) G lateral view (from the left mandible) H lateral view (from the right mandible) I dorsal view of closed mandibles (from the right mandible). "d" indicates a depression of the left mandible; "n" indicates a dorsal notch of the right mandible; "tt" indicates a terebral tooth of the right mandible. All antennal segments (except the first segment) and all setae on labrum were removed in C–H.
Data from: Computational biomechanical analyses demonstrate similar shell-crushing abilities in modern and ancient arthropods
The biology of the extant American horseshoe crab, Limulus polyphemus, is well documented—including its dietary habits, particularly the ability to crush shell with its gnathobasic walking appendages—but virtually nothing is known about the feeding biomechanics of this iconic arthropod. This species is also considered the archetypal functional analogue for a range of extinct groups that have gnathobasic appendages, including eurypterids, trilobites, and some of the earliest arthropods, especially Sidneyia inexpectans from the middle Cambrian (508 million-year-old) Burgess Shale of Canada. Exceptionally-preserved specimens of S. inexpectans show intriguing evidence suggestive of durophagous (shell-crushing) tendencies—including thick gnathobasic spine cuticle and shelly gut contents—but this feeding mode has never been substantiated using advanced computational techniques, such as Finite Element Analysis (FEA). Here we present a unique application of 3D FEA by modelling the feeding mechanics of L. polyphemus and S. inexpectans, representing the first such analysis of a modern horseshoe crab, or indeed any fossil arthropod. Results show that mechanical performance of the feeding appendages in both arthropods is remarkably similar, confirming that S. inexpectans was a durophagous predator. This biomechanical solution to processing shelled prey therefore has a history extending over 500 million years, almost dating back to the first appearance of shell-bearing animals themselves. The arrival of durophagous predators such as S. inexpectans during the early phase of animal evolution undoubtedly fuelled the Cambrian 'arms race' that encompasses the rapid increase in diversity and abundance of biomineralised prey species.
Morphology of the limb, shell, and head explain the variation in performance and ecology across 14 turtle taxa (12 species)
<p>Because morphology directly influences an organism's ability to utilize its habitat and dietary resources, it also influences fitness. Comparing the relationship between morphology, performance, and ecology is fundamental to understand how organisms evolve to occupy a wide range of habitats and diets. In turtles, studies have documented important relationships between morphology, performance, and ecology, but none were field based or considered limb, shell, and head morphology simultaneously. We compare morphology, performance, and ecology of 14 turtle taxa (12 species) in Mexico that range in their affinity to water and in their diet. We took linear measurements of limb, shell, and head variables, measured maximum swimming speed, maximum bite force, how often turtles were encountered on land, and used stable isotopes to assess trophic position. We use these data to test three hypotheses. The first, that morphology, performance, and ecology covary. The second, that limb and shell variables, like hand length, correlate to swim speed and the percent time spent on land. The third, was that that head variables, like head width, correlate to bite force and stable isotopes. We find support for these hypotheses and provide the first evidence that morphology influences performance and ecology in turtles in the field.</p>
Figure 6. K in What is the matter with Corbicula fluminea (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Cyrenidiae)? Occurrence of unusual shell erosion in Northern Italy
Figure 6. K-medoid analysis of the (a) Gaviola and (b) Castellana populations.
Figure 1 in Shell-bearing Mollusca (Bivalvia and Gastropoda) from submarine caves in Hong Kong
Figure 1. The walls of the Conic Island Cave are heavily encrusted with Hyotissa sinensis.
Figure 1 in Shell surface adaptations in relation to water management in rockdwelling land snails, Albinaria (Pulmonata: Clausiliidae)
Figure 1. Maximum Parsimony phylogeny of the subset of populations used in the QVI analyses.
Figure 2 in Pattern of shell occupation by the hermit crab Pagurus exilis (Anomura, Paguridae) on the northern coast of São Paulo State, Brazil
Figure 2. Pagurus exilis: percentage of the four most occupied shells as a function of the hermit crab size frequency distribution (numbers above columns represent number of individuals in each size class).
FIG. 6 in Quaternary and Recent shells of Ocenebra erinaceus (Linnaeus, 1758) and O. brevirobusta Houart, 2000 (Mollusca, Muricidae, Ocenebrinae): reflections on the intra- and interspecific variations
FIG. 6. — Simplistic representation of the ontogeny of the spiral cords of Ocenebra erinaceus (Linnaeus, 1758) (population from Malaga, Spain). Abbreviations: ABP, abapical primary cord of the siphonal canal; abs, abapical secondary cord of the sutural ramp; adis, adapical secondary cord of the siphonal canal; ADP, adapical primary cord of the siphonal canal; ads, adapical secondary cord of the sutural ramp; IP, infrasutural primary cord; MP, median primary cords of the siphonal canal; ms, median secondary cord of the siphonal canal; P1, shoulder cord; P2-P6, primary cords of the convex part of the whorl (w.); s1-s6, secondary cords of the convex part of the whorl.
FIG. 5 in An analysis of the sculptural pattern of the shell in Caribbean members of Chicoreus (Siratus) Jousseaume, 1880 (Gastropoda, Muricidae), with description of a new species
FIG. 5. — Spiral sculpture (apertural view); A, B, Chicoreus (Siratus) articulatus (Reeve, 1845); A, Puerto Cortes (coll. Garrigues), six whorls; B, Porto Rico (coll. Garrigues), seven whorls; C, D, C. (S.) formosus (Sowerby, 1841); C, Haiti (coll. Garrigues), 6.5 whorls; D, Haiti (coll. Garrigues), seven whorls. For A, B, D, the siphonal canal is not completely drawn. Abbreviations: see text. Scale bars: 5 mm.
Figure 18 in Anatomy, shell morphology, and microstructure of the living fossil Pulvinites exempla (Hedley, 1914) (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Pulvinitidae)
Figure 18. Stomach anatomy in Pulvinites exempla. A diagrammatic lateral view of a mid-dorsal longitudinal incision; right stomach wall folded downwards. ddd, ducts of digestive diverticula; dgr, dorsal groove; dh, dorsal hood; ff, fleshy fold; fsc, food-sorting caecum; gs, gastric shield; in, intestine (cojoined with style sac); lpo, left pouch; ltr, large transverse ridge; mf, marginal fold; mg, marginal groove; oe, oesophagus; sh, stirring hollow; str, small transverse ridge; tty, tongue of major typhlosole; tym, minor typhlosole.
Figure 8 in Anatomy, shell morphology, and microstructure of the living fossil Pulvinites exempla (Hedley, 1914) (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Pulvinitidae)
Figure 8. Nacre in Pulvinites exempla (scanning electron microscopy; AMS C.129659, 45.2 mm). A, cross-section of shell showing the inner nacreous layer containing irregular pockets (arrows) (scale bar = 10 µm). B, magnified lateral view of nacreous tablets showing the intercrystalline organic matrix (white arrows) and the tuberculate surface (scale bar = 3 µm). C, rhomboid tablets of the outer surface of the nacreous layer (scale bar = 20 µm). Inset: a magnified single tablet showing the tuberculate surface (scale bar = 1 µm). D, magnified surface of a nacre tablet showing sinistral spiral growth (scale bar = 2.5 µm). (A) and (B) were prepared by polishing and etching sections of epoxy-embedded left valve; (C) and (D) were prepared by vertical mechanical fracture of a right valve.
Figure 6. Shells. A in Systematic revision of the genus Everettia Godwin-Austen, 1891 (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Dyakiidae) in Sabah, northern Borneo
Figure 6. Shells. A, Everettia lapidini sp. nov.; B, Everettia klemmantanica; C, Everettia subconsul; D, Everettia paulbasintali sp. nov.; E, Everettia themis; F, Everettia layanglayang sp. nov. Scale bar = 10 mm.
Figure 1 in Systematics, shell structure and affinities of the Palaeozoic Problematicum Cornulites
Figure 1. Morphology of Cornulites. A, external morphology, showing apertural groove (ag), annulations (ann) and costae (cos). B, internal morphology in longitudinal section. BU 4390, C. cellulosus, apical and mid-region, showing lamellar shell wall (lam), with internal tabulae (tab) and camerae (cam) in apical region, ×6. Cellulae (cel) occur towards the apertural end of the specimen.
Figure 1. A, Bulla shell. B in Systematic revision of the living species of Bullidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Cephalaspidea), with a molecular phylogenetic analysis
Figure 1. A, Bulla shell. B, central nervous system of B. striata (Ria Formosa, Portugal, BMNH20050338; H = 29.40 mm). C, Bulla spp., external morphology of animal. c, columella; celo, cephalic lobe; ces, cephalic shield; cg, cerebral ganglion; bg, buccal ganglion; e, eye; g, genital ganglion; H, height; is, position of the involute spire; pa, parietal ganglion; palo, parapodial lobe; pc, parietal callus; pd, pedal ganglion; pl, pleural ganglion; poa, periocular area; sb, suboesophageal ganglion; sh, shell; sp., supraoesophageal ganglion; t, tentacle; v, visceral ganglion. Scale bar = 1 mm.
Supplementary material 3 from: Hostinská L, Kuneš P, Hadrava J, Bosch J, Scaramozzino PL, Bogusch P (2021) Comparative biology of four Rhodanthidium species (Hymenoptera, Megachilidae) that nest in snail shells. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 85: 11-28. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.85.66544
Table S3. Pollen contents of nests
Figure 3 from: Hostinská L, Kuneš P, Hadrava J, Bosch J, Scaramozzino PL, Bogusch P (2021) Comparative biology of four Rhodanthidium species (Hymenoptera, Megachilidae) that nest in snail shells. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 85: 11-28. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.85.66544
Figure 3 Proportions (in %) of shells used by Rhodanthidium sticticum (black columns) and Rhodanthidium septemdentatum (grey columns).
Supplementary material 1 from: Hostinská L, Kuneš P, Hadrava J, Bosch J, Scaramozzino PL, Bogusch P (2021) Comparative biology of four Rhodanthidium species (Hymenoptera, Megachilidae) that nest in snail shells. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 85: 11-28. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.85.66544
Table S1. List of the localities, where nests of Rhodanthidium were studied
Figure 4 from: Hostinská L, Kuneš P, Hadrava J, Bosch J, Scaramozzino PL, Bogusch P (2021) Comparative biology of four Rhodanthidium species (Hymenoptera, Megachilidae) that nest in snail shells. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 85: 11-28. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.85.66544
Figure 4 Proportions (in %) of pollen grains of plant families in studied nests of three species of Rhodanthidium.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.