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12,237 results for “2019”
Songbird yields resulting from different forest management practices in the Oregon Coast Range, 2019-2021
Data in this package was used to model the responses of forest songbirds to landscape scale forest management strategies. The majority of data was derived from emprical studies (avian point counts) conducted by the principal investigator or mined from the literature. Gaps in the data were filled in via expert opinion, considering the life history and habitat needs of the species.
Jellyfish, plankton and POM SI and FA composition data, Quadra Island BC, 2019
We measured stable isotope (SI) and fatty acid (FA) profiles of particulate organic matter (POM), plankton size classes, and gelatinous zooplankton collected from Quadra Island, a coastal site in British Columbia, Canada, in July and September 2019. Gelatinous zooplankton comprised 152 Aurelia labiata collected across both months (bell diameters = 19 - 225 mm), and 2 Aequorea victoria and approximately 30 Pleurobrachia bachei collected in July for comparison.
Temperate woody angiosperm (Acer, Ilex, Magnolia) drought tolerance (TLP, xylem embolism) data, Arnold Arboretum and Scott Arboretum, MA/PA, USA, 2019-22
Understanding the capacity of temperate trees to acclimate to limited soil water has become essential in the face of increasing drought risk due to climate change. We documented seasonal – or phenological – patterns in acclimation to water deficit stress in stems and leaves of tree species spanning the angiosperm phylogeny. Over three years of field observations carried out in two U.S. arboreta, we measured stem vulnerability to embolism (36 individuals of 7 Species) and turgor loss point (119 individuals of 27 species) over the growing season. We also conducted a growth chamber experiment on 20 individuals of one species to assess the mechanistic relationship between soil water restriction and acclimation. In three quarters of species measured, plants became less vulnerable to embolism and/or loss of turgor over the growing season. We were able to stimulate this acclimatory effect by withholding water in the growth chamber experiment. Temperate angiosperms are capable of acclimation to soil water deficit stress, showing maximum vulnerability to soil water deficits following budbreak and becoming more resilient to damage over the course of the growing season or in response to simulated drought. The species-specific tempo and extent of this acclimatory potential constitutes preadaptive climate change resilience.
Lake exposure to wildfire smoke in North America, 2019-2021
Wildfire activity is increasing globally. The resulting smoke plumes can travel hundreds to thousands of kilometers, reflecting or scattering sunlight and depositing ash within ecosystems. Several key physical, chemical, and biological processes in lakes are controlled by factors affected by smoke. The spatial and temporal scales of lake exposure to smoke are extensive and underrecognized. We introduce the concept of the lake smoke-day, or the number of days any given lake is exposed to smoke in any given fire season, and quantify the total lake smoke-day exposure in North America from 2019-2021. Because smoke can be transported at continental to intercontinental scales, even regions that may not typically experience direct burning of landscapes by wildfire are at risk of smoke exposure. We found that 99.3% of North America was covered by smoke, affecting a total of 1,333,687 lakes >=10 ha. An incredible 98.9% of lakes experienced at least 10 smoke-days a year, with 89.6% of lakes receiving over 30 lake smoke-days, and lakes in some regions experiencing up to 4 months of cumulative smoke-days. Herein we review the mechanisms through which smoke and ash can affect lakes by altering the amount and spectral composition of incoming solar radiation and depositing carbon, nutrients, or toxic compounds that could alter chemical conditions and impact biota. We develop a conceptual framework that synthesizes known and theoretical impacts of smoke on lakes to guide future research. Finally, we identify emerging research priorities that can help us better understand how lakes will be affected by smoke as wildfire activity increases due to climate change and other anthropogenic activities.
Coastal Wetland Basal Consumer and End Member C-13 and N-15 Isotopic Ratios Across a Mangrove Encroachment Gradient, 2019
Foundation species support highly productive and valuable ecosystems, but anthropogenic disturbances and environmental changes are increasingly causing foundation species shifts, where one foundation species replaces another. The consequences of foundation shifts are not well understood, as there is limited research on the equivalency of different foundation species and the functions they support. Here, we provide insight into community-level consequences of foundation shifts in the Gulf of Mexico, where the typical marsh foundation species (Spartina alterniflora) is being replaced with a mangrove foundation species (Avicennia germinans), forcing marsh fauna to rely on Avicennia for foundational support. We evaluated the interactions of two common and ecologically valuable basal consumers, fiddler crabs (Uca spp.) and marsh periwinkle snails (Littoraria irrorata), with both foundation species across sites with different levels of mangrove encroachment. By investigating both physical support, measured as habitat association and co-occurrence, and trophic support, as basal resource diet contributions, we found that Avicennia can physically replace Spartina for some consumers, but is not providing equivalent trophic support. Uca and Littoraria commonly occupy encroached sites and associate with mangroves but incorporate almost no mangrove plant matter into their diets. The ultimate consequences of a foundation shift in the case of mangrove encroachment may include shifting energy flows and resource use and decreased populations of basal consumers. Looking at interactions with foundation species from multiple perspectives is necessary to obtain a complete picture of the effects that foundational shifts are having, especially as such shifts are becoming increasingly common.
Water and soil chemistry and molecular composition data of dissolved organic matter from soils in the central Amazon rainforest, 2019-2021
This dataset was created based on sampling campaigns in the central Amazon rainforest. It covers four field sites in vicinity of the Amazon Tall Tower Oberservatory project (ATTO). The field sites are comprised of pristine, old-growth rainforest with distinct forest types: terra firme forest (Plateau and Terrace sites) and white-sand forest (Campina and Campinarana sites). Freely percolating soil porewater was sampled repeatedly in soil profiles from 0 to 30 cm in the wet seasons (October to May) of 2019, 2020 and 2021. Solid soil samples were taken in vicinity to the plots in October 2017. The datasets include chemical and texture (particle size fractions) and chemical (metals, cation exchange capacities and pH) data from soil samples. Soil porewater samples were measured for pH, electrical conductivity and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations. There are some missing values for these data, particularly for DOC concentrations. Soil porewater samples were used for solid-phase extraction of dissolved organic matter (DOM). The molecular composition was measured by ultra-high resolution mass spectrometry (Orbitrap Elite MS). The detected masses were used to assign molecular formulas. The data include the assigned molecular formulas and sum-normalized intensites of all samples. This data is associated with a Ph.D. dissertation chapter (Lange, 2025) and a journal article (Lange et al., accepted).
Data and R code for “Tree growth response to shifting soil nutrient economy depends on mycorrhizal associations”, New Phytologist, 2019.
The mycorrhizal-associated nutrient economy hypothesis proposes a strong connection between plant and fungal traits and the dominant form of soil nutrients. If true, then shifting from an organic to an inorganic nutrient economy should benefit arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) trees because they are more suited to acquiring inorganic forms of nutrients and have limited decomposing capabilities when compared to ectomycorrhizal (ECM) trees. An inorganic nutrient economy was experimentally promoted by applying inorganic phosphorus (P) fertilizer and/or elevating soil pH with lime in three Allegheny Plateau mixed mesophytic forests. Trees were measured over seven growing seasons to determine how growth responded to the treatments based on mycorrhizal association. AM-associated trees showed increased growth in response to increased inorganic nutrients, but ECM tree growth was suppressed when compared to the control. We also observed that understory and mid-story trees responded to the treatments, but large overstory trees showed no significant growth response. Results support the hypothesis that AM trees respond positively to an inorganic nutrient economy. While raising pH in acidic soils can be detrimental to ECM tree growth, the exact mechanism for this response is unclear
Trophic interactions of fiddler crabs (Uca spp.) with black mangrove (Avicennia germinans) detrital matter as a result of mangrove encroachment; 2018 and 2019
Woody plant encroachment is reshaping communities in both terrestrial and coastal environments, but little is known about its effects on basal consumers. We used interactions between fiddler crabs (Uca spp.) and the encroaching mangrove Avicennia germinans in Gulf of Mexico salt marshes to explore trophic interactions between basal consumers and encroaching shrubs. Fiddler crabs were collected from wetlands in Galveston, Texas in summer 2018 and 2019 and used in a series of food preference and food quality trials. Through these trials we collected data on the relative attractiveness and quality of black mangroves and smooth cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora) as food sources for fiddler crabs.
Specimen Quercus kelloggii survey at Pepperwood Preserve summer 2019
The Dwight Center for Conservation Science at Pepperwood is an ecological institute dedicated to educating, engaging, and inspiring our community through habitat preservation, science-based conservation, leading-edge research, and interdisciplinary educational programs. Our mission is to steward the life and landscapes of the 3,200-acre Pepperwood Preserve and to advance science-based conservation of ecosystems throughout our region and beyond. Purpose of the Study: California black oak, Quercus kelloggii, plays an important role in the lifeways of many indigenous tribes throughout California. Native peoples tend black oaks using Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK) to encourage the development and proliferation of specimen oaks. These mature, large, full crowned trees provide a disproportionate amount of ecosystem services, including acorns and habitat, when compared to smaller black oaks. Altered approaches to land management and the cessation of frequent low intensity cultural burns places these specimen oaks at risk from encroachment, forest densification, and catastrophic fire. Procedure: This project is a collaboration between Sonoma State University and the Native Advisory Council of Pepperwood Preserve. Data were collected from 55 specimen black oaks at Pepperwood Preserve in north east Sonoma County. Ecological variables were measured to identify abiotic and biotic drivers of growth habit, scorch height and fire fuels. A certain crown shape is desired by many of today’s traditional gatherers including those represented on the Pepperwood Native Advisory Council. Findings: A hierarchical model approach was used to statistically analyze the effect of encroachment on crown area and live crown ratio. Encroachment was found to have a significant negative effect on both canopy area (p=0.0027) and live crown ratio (p=0.0378). Encroachment did not affect surface and ladder fuel load accumulation since the Tubbs Fire in October 2017 (p>0.05). Neither surface and la
Micro-macro Climate Data for shrubs and artificial shelters in Panoche Hills, California, USA, 2019
Micro-climatic data for solar radiation and temperature recorded in Panoche Hills Managament Area in Califronia, U.S.A. The study was conducted Spring-Summer 2019 (May 20th- June 12th). Micro-climate was recorded using in situ loggers under the shrubs Ephedra californica, artificial shelters, and the open to test for differences. Macro-site level data was retrieved from the nearby weather station and all data were compiled into one dataset.
Data from NUTRIENTS CAUSE GRASSLAND BIOMASS TO OUTPACE HERBIVORY 2008 - 2019
Human activities are transforming grassland biomass via changing climate, elemental nutrients, and herbivory. Theory predicts that food-limited herbivores will consume any additional biomass stimulated by nutrient inputs (‘consumer-controlled'). Alternatively, nutrient supply is predicted to increase biomass where herbivores alter community composition or are limited by factors other than food (‘resource-controlled'). Using an experiment replicated in 58 grasslands spanning six continents, we show that nutrient addition and vertebrate herbivore exclusion each caused sustained increases in aboveground live biomass over a decade, but consumer control was weak. However, at sites with high vertebrate grazing intensity or domestic livestock, herbivores consumed the additional fertilization-induced biomass, supporting the consumer-controlled prediction. Herbivores most effectively reduced the additional live biomass at sites with low precipitation or high ambient soil nitrogen. Overall, these experimental results suggest that grassland biomass will outstrip wild herbivore control as human activities increase elemental nutrient supply, with widespread consequences for grazing and fire risk.
Green stormwater infrastructure projects voluntarily installed in Baltimore City through 2019
Much of the green stormwater infrastructure (GSI) in Baltimore, Maryland, USA, has been installed voluntarily by nonprofits and community groups, yet no comprehensive record of these installations previously existed. We worked with nonprofit stakeholders and Baltimore’s Department of Public Works to compile such a record, using both information provided by these agencies and publicly available data sources such as annual reports and newspaper articles. This dataset includes all voluntary green stormwater infrastructure projects that we were able to identify by the end of 2019, with the first known installation completed in 2001. The dataset includes two data tables, one with project-level information, and one with the locations of individual GSI facilities included in each project.
Measurement of Plant Traits on Hylocomium splendens Samples Collected at Sites within the Bonanza Creek LTER Regional Site Network in Interior Alaska, 2019
This dataset contains measurements of plant traits on Hylocomium splendens species collected at a subset of sites from the Regional Site Network (n = 26). The two species, Hylocomium splendens and Vaccinium uliginosum, are the two most ubiquitous nonvascular and vascular species at these sites. The traits measured on these species relate to the fire ecology of each species. Traits measured for Hylocomium splendens include: length, width, aspect ratio (width/length), specific leaf area (SLA) and moisture content % at maximum water retention capacity. There is a corresponding dataset with trait data for Vaccinium uliginosum.
Measurement of Plant Traits on Vaccinium uliginosum Samples Collected at Sites within the Bonanza Creek LTER Regional Site Network in Interior Alaska, 2019
This dataset contains measurements of plant traits on Vaccinium uliginosum species collected at a subset of sites from the Regional Site Network (n = 26). The two species, Hylocomium splendens and Vaccinium uliginosum, are the two most ubiquitous nonvascular and vascular species at these sites. The traits measured on these species relate to the fire ecology of each species. Traits measured for Vaccinium uliginosum include: rhizome depth, number of rhizomes, plant height, moisture content % of aboveground tissues, aboveground tissue ratios and dry mass of leaves. There is a corresponding dataset with trait data for Hylocomium splendens.
Eight Mile Lake Research Watershed, Thaw Gradient: Geochemical data from perched waters collected from boreholes on Gradient site during August-September 2019
In this larger study, we are asking the question: Is old carbon that comprises the bulk of the soil organic matter pool released in response to thawing of permafrost? We are answering this question by using a combination of field and laboratory experiments to measure radiocarbon isotope ratios in soil organic matter, soil respiration, and dissolved organic carbon, in tundra ecosystems. The objective of these proposed measurements is to develop a mechanistic understanding of the SOM sources contributing to C losses following permafrost thawing. We are making these measurements at an established tundra field site near Healy, Alaska in the foothills of the Alaska Range. Field measurements center on a natural experiment where permafrost has been observed to warm and thaw over the past several decades. This area represents a gradient of sites each with a different degree of change due to permafrost thawing. As such, this area is unique for addressing questions at the time and spatial scales relevant for change in arctic ecosystems. Geochemical analysis of water perched on the permafrost table complements the overarching aim of this study by targeting the organic component transported laterally from the soils. The association between DOC and mineral elements in the waters perched on the permafrost table was determined. These mineral element-organic carbon associations must be accounted for when considering the stability of organic carbon transported laterally from the catchment.
Eight Mile Lake Research Watershed, Thaw Gradient: Geochemistry of soil pore waters sampled in May 2018 (0 - 20 cm depth) and August 2019 (0-120 cm depth) at Gradient site, 2018-2019
In this larger study, we are asking the question: Is old carbon that comprises the bulk of the soil organic matter pool released in response to thawing of permafrost? We are answering this question by using a combination of field and laboratory experiments to measure radiocarbon isotope ratios in soil organic matter, soil respiration, and dissolved organic carbon, in tundra ecosystems. The objective of these proposed measurements is to develop a mechanistic understanding of the SOM sources contributing to C losses following permafrost thawing. We are making these measurements at an established tundra field site near Healy, Alaska in the foothills of the Alaska Range. Field measurements center on a natural experiment where permafrost has been observed to warm and thaw over the past several decades. This area represents a gradient of sites each with a different degree of change due to permafrost thawing. As such, this area is unique for addressing questions at the time and spatial scales relevant for change in arctic ecosystems. Analysing the geochemistry of soil pore waters at Gradient site complements the overarching aim of this study. The dissolved organic carbon and mineral elements are determined in soil pore waters from sites of minimum, moderate and extensive permafrost degradation during the spring thaw (0-20 cm depth) in May 2018 and during late summer (0-120 cm depth) in August 2019. Soil pore waters were collected from sites approximately 15 m uphill of the highly monitored Gradient sites. The geochemical data was used to assess the mineral element-organic carbon associations in soil pore waters between contrasting sites of permafrost degradation.
Assembled file of one minute averages for high resolution surface meteorological (Met) and sea water intake (SWI) data from continuous underway measurements from CCE LTER process cruises in the CCE region, 2006 - 2019.
As the research vessel is underway for the duration of a CCE Process Cruise (since 2006, ongoing), 30 parameters are continuously measured regarding the oceanographic surface and atmospheric and navigational environment of the vessel, along the ship's trackline in the CCE region.
Conductivity Temperature Depth (CTD) Log of CTD casts from CCE LTER process cruises in the CCE region, 2006 - 2019 (ongoing).
Individual casts of Conductivity, Temperature and Depth (CTD) are logged on CCE Process cruises (since 2006, ongoing) in the Southern California region. The log includes time, location, number of bottles, cast and event numbers and other information about CTD casts.
Nitrogen in Soil Water Chemistry on the Main Cropping System Experiment at the Kellogg Biological Station, Hickory Corners, MI (1995 to 2019)
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
McMurdo Dry Valleys LTER: Landscape Albedo in Taylor Valley, Antarctica from 2015 to 2019
This data package contains reflectance data and associated aerial images collected using a helicopter-suspended "albedo box," in which a shortwave radiometer and camera where mounted facing downward. The purpose of this study was to measure how surface reflectance varies within and across landscape types (glaciers, lakes, and soils) over the course of a single field season as well as across multiple field seasons. We made five flights in the 2015-2016 field season (20 November 2015, 7 December 2015, 24 December 2015, 5 January 2016, and 12 January 2016), five flights in the 2016-2017 field season (11 November 2016, 3 December 2016, 14 December 2016, 3 January 2017, 23 January 2017), four flights in the 2017-2018 field season (22 November 2017, 7 December 2017, 27 December 2017, 13 January 2018), and two flights in the 2018-2019 field season (23 November 2018, 9 January 2019). Flights originated from Lake Hoare field camp, flew down-valley over Canada Glacier, Lake Fryxell, and Commonwealth Glacier, then turned around and flew up-valley to Taylor Glacier Meteorological Station, after which they returned to Lake Hoare field camp. Flights took roughly one hour and were flown at approximately 25.72 m s-1 (50 knots) and 91.44 m (300 ft) above the ground surface. These data can be normalized to incoming solar radiation (measured in-situ at meteorological stations) to calculate landscape albedo. When collected several times throughout a season, these results can show how snow distribution and physical changes to glacier and lake ice impact the amount of incoming radiation that is absorbed, while also tracking the influence of deposited sediment on ice surfaces. Moreover, these data are important for quantifying the long-term changes in energy connectivity between the atmosphere and the landscape (i.e., addressing Hypothesis 1 of the MCM V funding cycle).
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.