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30,948 results for “Profile”
Data from: Brain transcriptional profiles of male alternative reproductive tactics and females in bluegill sunfish
Bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus) are one of the classic systems for studying male alternative reproductive tactics (ARTs) in teleost fishes. In this species, there are two distinct life histories: parental and cuckolder, encompassing three reproductive tactics, parental, satellite, and sneaker. The parental life history is fixed, whereas individuals who enter the cuckolder life history transition from sneaker to satellite tactic as they grow. For this study, we used RNAseq to characterize the brain transcriptome of the three male tactics and females during spawning to identify gene ontology (GO) categories and potential candidate genes associated with each tactic. We found that sneaker males had higher levels of gene expression differentiation compared to the other two male tactics. Sneaker males also had higher expression in ionotropic glutamate receptor genes, specifically AMPA receptors, compared to other males, which may be important for increased spatial working memory while attempting to cuckold parental males at their nests. Larger differences in gene expression also occurred among male tactics than between males and females. We found significant expression differences in several candidate genes that were previously identified in other species with ARTs and suggest a previously undescribed role for cAMP-responsive element modulator (crem) in influencing parental male behaviors during spawning.
Data from: The diverse dietary profiles of MIS 3 cave bears from the Romanian Carpathians: insights from stable isotope (δ13C and δ15N) analysis
Late Pleistocene European cave bears (Ursus spelaeus) have been considered to be largely vegetarian, although stable isotope data (δ13C and δ15N values) from the Romanian Carpathians has suggested considerable dietary variation. Here we evaluate previous and additional adult cave bear isotopic data from four Marine Isotope Stage 3 (MIS 3) sites in the Carpathians. Peştera Urşilor (N = 35), Peştera Cioclovina (N = 32), Peştera Muierilor (N = 8), and Peştera cu Oase (N = 72) provide both a dichotomy between samples suggesting vegetarian diets (from Cioclovina and Muierilor) and more omnivorous diets (from Urşilor and Oase), and considerable isotopic variation within samples from each site. While an inference of a strictly vegetarian diet may apply to groups that lived in ecosystems which restricted the available animal protein for these large ursids, the within and between sample isotopic variation among the Carpathian cave bears indicates considerable flexibility in their sources of protein and hence in their dietary regimes. In addition, developmental assessment of Cioclovina isotopic profiles (neonates, juveniles, sub-adults and adults) provides patterns of transfer of stable isotope signatures throughout immature life for both δ13C and δ15N (increase and decrease, respectively), whereas those from Urşilor show little developmental shift.
Data from: Time-keeping programme can explain seasonal dynamics of leukocyte profile in a migrant bird
It has been proposed that immune functioning in wild animals is shaped by the trade-off between a probability of encountering pathogens and an availability of resources for maintaining immune system in active state. Due to resources' seasonality one can expect that immune functioning, e.g., absolute and relative counts of white blood cells, WBC (leukocyte profile) also follows an annual cycle. However, dynamics of the seasonal changes of leukocyte profile are controversial and specific inquiries so far addressed only a portion of annual cycle. To study the seasonal dynamics of the leukocyte profile and to test its possible endogenous basis we experimentally simulated annual cycle in a migratory passerine bird, chiffchaff (Phylloscopus collybita abietinus). We report here a clear seasonal pattern of leukocyte profile in that species. The highest WBC counts were observed during pre-alternate moult and the lowest during the subsequent spring migration; the seasonal dynamics of HL ratio showed the opposite tendency. Surprisingly, HL ratios during autumn migration were relatively low, indicating little to no stress. Observed seasonal changes in controlled experimental conditions suggest an existence of time-keeping programme underlying these variations. Additionally we found negative relationship between the body condition index and WBC counts and positive relationship with HL (heterophil to lymphocyte) ratio; these findings are controversial with the data obtained with other bird species in wild populations. Understanding the origins of variation of leukocyte profile per se and in relation with other parameters of physiological condition can be a useful tool in studying physiological response to environmental changes.
Data from: The influence of slavemaking lifestyle, caste and sex on chemical profiles in Temnothorax ants: insights into the evolution of cuticular hydrocarbons
Chemical communication is central for the formation and maintenance of insect societies. Generally, social insects only allow nest-mates into their colony, which are recognized by their cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs). Social parasites, which exploit insect societies, are selected to circumvent host recognition. Here, we studied whether chemical strategies to reduce recognition evolved convergently in slavemaking ants, and whether they extend to workers, queens and males alike. We studied CHCs of three social parasites and their related hosts to investigate whether the parasitic lifestyle selects for specific chemical traits that reduce host recognition. Slavemaker profiles were characterized by shorter-chained hydrocarbons and a shift from methyl-branched alkanes to n-alkanes, presumably to reduce recognition cue quantity. These shifts were consistent across independent origins of slavery and were found in isolated ants and those emerging in their mother colony. Lifestyle influenced profiles of workers most profoundly, with little effect on virgin queen profiles. We detected an across-species caste signal, with workers, for which nest-mate recognition is particularly important, carrying more and longer-chained hydrocarbons and males exhibiting a larger fraction of n-alkanes. This comprehensive study of CHCs across castes and species reveals how lifestyle-specific selection can result in convergent evolution of chemical phenotypes.
Data from: Genetic profiling links changing sea-ice to shifting beluga whale migration patterns
There is increasing concern over how Arctic fauna will adapt to climate related changes in sea-ice. We used long-term sighting and genetic data on beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas) in conjunction with multi-decadal patterns of sea-ice in the Pacific Arctic to investigate the influence of sea-ice on spring migration and summer residency patterns. Substantial variations in sea-ice conditions were detected across seasons, years and sub-regions, revealing ice–ocean dynamics more complex than Arctic-wide trends suggest. This variation contrasted with a highly consistent pattern of migration and residency by several populations, indicating that belugas can accommodate widely varying sea-ice conditions to perpetuate philopatry to coastal migration destinations. However, a number of anomalous migration and residency events were detected and coincided with anomalous ice years, and in one case with an increase in killer whale (Orcinus orca) sightings and reported predation on beluga whales. The behavioural shifts were likely driven by changing sea-ice and associated changes in resource dispersion and predation risk. Continued reductions in sea-ice may result in increased predation at key aggregation areas and shifts in beluga whale behaviour with implications for population viability, ecosystem structure and the subsistence cultures that rely on them.
Nanostring mRNA expression profiling of P7 Arx(GCG)10+7 neonatal cortex using nCounter® mouse Neuropathology Plus Panel
<p>X-linked infantile spasms syndrome (ISSX) is a clinically devastating developmental epileptic encephalopathy with life-long impact. <em>Arx<sup>(GCG)10+7</sup></em>, a mouse model of the most common triplet-repeat expansion mutation of ARX, exhibits neonatal spasms, electrographic phenotypes and abnormal migration of GABAergic interneuron subtypes. Neonatal presymptomatic treatment with 17β-estradiol (E2) in <em>Arx<sup>(GCG)10+7</sup></em> reduces spasms and modifies progression of epilepsy. Cortical pathology during this period, a crucial point for clinical intervention in ISSX, has largely been unexplored, and the pathogenic cellular defects that are targeted by early interventions are unknown. In the first postnatal week, we identified a transient wave of elevated apoptosis in <em>Arx<sup>(GCG)10+7</sup></em> mouse cortex that is non-Arx cell autonomous, since mutant Arx-immunoreactive (Arx+) cells are not preferentially impacted by cell death. NeuN+ (also known as Rbfox3) survival was also not impacted, suggesting a vulnerable subpopulation in the immature <em>Arx<sup>(GCG)10+7</sup></em> cortex. Inflammatory processes during this period might explain this transient elevation in apoptosis; however, transcriptomic and immunohistochemical profiling of several markers of inflammation revealed no innate immune activation in <em>Arx<sup>(GCG)10+7</sup></em> cortex. Neither neonatal E2 hormone therapy, nor ACTH(1-24), the frontline clinical therapy for ISSX, diminished the augmented apoptosis in <em>Arx<sup>(GCG)10+7</sup></em>, but both rescued neocortical Arx+ cell density. Since early E2 treatment effectively prevents seizures in this model, enhanced apoptosis does not solely account for the seizure phenotype, but may contribute to other aberrant brain function in ISSX. However, since both hormone therapies, E2 and ACTH(1-24), elevate the density of cortical Arx+-interneurons, their early therapeutic role in other neurological disorders hallmarked by interneuronopathy should be explored.</p>
Taxonomic profiles of the CAMI 2 Challenge datasets: marine, plant-associated, strain madness
<p>Taxonomic profiles including participant submissions for the CAMI 2 Challenge datasets: marine, plant-associated, strain madness.</p> <p>See <a href="https://www.microbiome-cosi.org/cami">https://www.microbiome-cosi.org/cami</a> and <a href="https://data.cami-challenge.org/participate">https://data.cami-challenge.org/participate</a>.</p>
Data from: City life alters the gut microbiome and stable isotope profiling of the eastern water dragon (Intellagama lesueurii)
Urbanisation is one of the most significant threats to biodiversity, due to the rapid and large-scale environmental alterations it imposes on the natural landscape. It is, therefore, imperative that we understand the consequences of, and mechanisms by which, species can respond to it. In recent years, research has shown that plasticity of the gut microbiome may be an important mechanism by which animals can adapt to environmental change, yet empirical evidence of this in wild non-model species remains sparse. Using an empirical replicated study system, we show that city life alters the gut microbiome of a wild native non-model species – the eastern water dragon (Intellagama lesueurii). City dragons exhibit a more diverse gut microbiome than their native riparian counterparts and show gut microbial signatures of a high fat and plant rich diet. These results highlight the role that gut microbial plasticity plays in an animals' response to human-altered landscapes.
Data from: Replicated evolutionary divergence in the cuticular hydrocarbon profile of male crickets associated with the loss of song in the Hawaiian archipelago
Female choice based on male secondary sexual traits is well documented, although the extent to which this selection can drive an evolutionary divergence in male traits among populations is less clear. Male field crickets Teleogryllus oceanicus attract females using a calling song and once contacted switch to courtship song to persuade them to mate. These crickets also secrete onto their cuticle a cocktail of long-chained fatty acids or cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs). Females choose among potential mates based on the structure of male acoustic signals and on the composition of male CHC profiles. Here, we utilize two naturally occurring mutations that have arisen independently on two Hawaiian islands and render the male silent to ask whether the evolutionary loss of acoustic signalling can drive an evolutionary divergence in the alternative signalling modality, male CHC profiles. QST-FST comparisons revealed strong patterns of CHC divergence among three populations of crickets on the islands of Hawaii, Oahu and Kauai. Contrasts between wild-type and flatwing males on the islands of Oahu and Kauai indicated that variation in male CHC profiles within populations is associated with the loss of acoustic signalling; flatwing males had a relatively low abundance of long-chained CHCs relative to the short-chained CHCs that females find attractive. Given their dual functions in desiccation resistance and sexual signalling, insect CHCs may be particularly important traits for reproductive isolation and ultimately speciation.
Data from: Exploration profiles drive activity patterns and temporal niche specialization in a wild rodent
<p>Individual niche specialization can have important consequences for competition, fitness, and ultimately population dynamics and ecological speciation. The temporal window and the level of daily activity are niche components that may vary with sex, breeding season, food supply, population density, and predator's circadian rhythm. More recently, ecologists emphasized that traits such as dispersal and space use could depend on personality differences. Boldness and exploration have been shown to correlate with variation in foraging patterns, habitat use, and home range. Here we assessed the link between exploration, measured from repeated novel environment tests, activity patterns, and temporal niche specialization in wild eastern chipmunks (<i>Tamias striatus</i>). Intrinsic differences in exploration should drive daily activity patterns through differences in energy requirements, space use, or the speed to access resources. We used collar-mounted accelerometers to assess whether individual exploration profiles predicted: (1) daily overall dynamic body acceleration, reflecting overall activity levels; (2) mean activity duration and the rate of activity sequences, reflecting the structure of daily activity; and (3) patterns of dawn and dusk activity, reflecting temporal niche differentiation. Exploration and overall activity levels were weakly related. However, both dawn activity and rate of activity sequences increased with the speed of exploration. Overall, activity patterns varied according to temporal variability in food conditions. This study emphasizes the role of intrinsic behavioral differences in activity patterns in a wild animal population. Future studies will help us understand how yearly seasonality in reproduction, food abundance, and population density modulate personality-dependent foraging patterns and temporal niche specialization.</p>
Data from: Continuous glucose monitoring profiles in healthy non-diabetic participants: a multicenter prospective study
Context: Use of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) is increasing for insulin-requiring patients with diabetes. While data on glycemic profiles of healthy, non-diabetic individuals exists for older sensors, assessment of glycemic metrics with new generation CGM devices is lacking. Objective: To establish reference sensor glucose ranges in healthy, non-diabetic individuals across different age groups, using a current generation CGM sensor. Design: Multicenter, prospective study. Setting: 12 centers within the T1D Exchange Clinic Network. Patients or Participants: Non-pregnant, healthy, non-diabetic children and adults (age ≥6 years); with non-obese body mass index. Intervention: A blinded Dexcom G6 CGM, with once daily calibration, was worn for up to 10 days in each participant. Main Outcome Measure: CGM metrics of mean glucose, hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia, and glycemic variability. Results: 153 participants (age 7-80 years) were included in the analyses. Mean average glucose was 98-99 mg/dL (5.4-5.5 mmol/L) for all age groups except those over 60 years in whom mean average glucose was 104 mg/dL (5.8 mmol/L). The median % time between 70-140 mg/dL (3.9-7.8 mmol/L) was 96% (IQR 93%-98%). Mean within-individual coefficient of variation (CV) was 17±3%. Median time spent with glucose levels >140mg/dL was 2.1% (30 min/day) and <70 mg/dL (3.9 mmol/L) was 1.1% (15 min/day). Conclusion: By assessing across age groups in a healthy, non-diabetic population, normative sensor glucose data have been derived, and will be useful as a benchmark for future research studies.
Data from: Untargeted metabolomic profiling of urine from healthy dogs and dogs with chronic hepatic disease
Chronic hepatic disease can present a diagnostic challenge with different etiologies being associated with similar clinical and laboratory findings. The histopathological assessment of a liver biopsy specimen is usually required in order to make a definitive diagnosis and the availability of non-invasive prognostic biomarkers is limited. The emerging science of metabolomics is used to detect changes in endogenous low molecular weight metabolites in biological samples and offers the possibility of identifying noninvasive markers of disease. The objective of this study was to investigate differences in the urine metabolome between healthy dogs, dogs with chronic hepatitis, dogs with hepatocellular carcinoma, and dogs with a congenital portosystemic shunt. Stored urine samples from 10 healthy dogs, 10 dogs with chronic hepatitis, 6 dogs with hepatocellular carcinoma, and 5 dogs with a congenital portosystemic shunt were analyzed. The urine metabolome was analyzed by gas chromatography – quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry and 220 known metabolites were identified. Principal component analysis and heat dendrogram plots of the metabolomics data showed clustering between groups. Random forest analysis showed differences in the abundance of various metabolites including putrescine, gluconic acid, sorbitol, and valine. Based on univariate statistics, 37 metabolites were significantly different between groups. In, conclusion, the urine metabolome varies between healthy dogs, dogs with chronic hepatitis, dogs with hepatocellular carcinoma, and dogs with a congenital portosystemic shunt. Further targeted assessment of these metabolites is needed to assess their diagnostic utility.
Full data reduction Box Profile with Expressions
<p>This movie describes how to use DAWN to reduce a series of radiography images to a corrosion rate.</p>
Partial density profiles of lipids and ions
<p>Partial density profiles of lipids and ions calculated using the script available on Zenodo. Each simulated system contains 600 DPPC molecules, 150 mM NaCl and 30 waters/lipid. The ion model is the one described by Roux. The analysis has been performed over the last 40 ns of each 100 ns trajectory. All simulations have been performed with the Slipids force field.</p>
Different proteome profiles between male and female Populus exposed to distinct UV-B radiation
<p>This data set provides the detailed information of total identified proteins in <em>P. cathayana </em>males and females under UV-B radiation in our experiment. To investigate the changes in the protein profiles in response to solar UV-B radiation, proteins were extracted from the poplar leaves and analyzed using an iTRAQ-based shotgun proteomics strategy.</p>
ATAC-seq Bioanalyzer profiles from iPSC-derived macrophages
<p>Agilent Bioanalyzer profiles for the iPSC-derived macrophage ATAC-seq samples. </p>
Different proteome profiles between male and female Populus exposed to high UV-B radiation
<p>Raw data for proteomic analysis in the manuscript "Different proteome profiles between male and female<em> Populus </em>exposed to high UV-B radiation".</p>
Fig. 31. Petiole, left profile view. A in A phylogenetic analyis of ant morphology (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with special reference to the poneromoprh subfamilies
Fig. 31. Petiole, left profile view. A. Adetomyrma sp1. B. Ponera pennsylvanica. Abbreviations: IIS, sternum of petiole; IIIS, sternum of third abdominal segment; IT, tergum of propodeum; IIT, tergum of petiole; IIIT, tergum of third abdominal segment.
"Out of South Asia": distinctive genomic profile of wild boar and domestic pig populations in South Asia
<p> content:</p> <p>hic matrix for p1, p2, p3</p>
Construction of PROTAC-Mediated Ternary Complex Structure Distribution Profiles Using Extensive Conformational Search
<p>input files for MD simulations, the restart structures in the PaCS-MD and OFLOOD, and analysis scripts</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
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DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
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The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
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OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.