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7,378 results for “case”
Data from: Anthropogenic increases in nutrients alter sexual selection dynamics: a case study in butterflies
Anthropogenic increases in nutrient availability offer opportunities to study evolutionary shifts in sexual selection dynamics in real time. A rapid increase in nutrient availability may reduce the utility of condition-dependent ornaments as signals of quality and lessen any nutritional benefits to females from re-mating. We explored these ideas using cabbage white butterflies, focusing on nitrogen as a nutrient, as it is important to this species in not only in ornamentation but also as a key macronutrient transferred in spermatophores. We compared a non-agricultural population to an agricultural population, which has seen an increase in nitrogen availability over the last 40 years due in part to fertilizer application. When reared in a common garden, both male and female butterflies from the agricultural population allocate significantly more to nitrogen-rich wing pigments used in mate choice. However, this increase in allocation is not correlated with an increase in the ability to assimilate nitrogen from their diet. Spermatophore counts from wild females show that females in the agricultural population rarely mate more than once, while those in the non-agricultural population are much more likely to be polyandrous. Similarly, the structure in the female reproductive tract that processes spermatophores has evolved lower tooth density in the agricultural population, consistent with the idea that these females benefit less from high throughput of spermatophores. These results suggest that anthropogenic increases in nutrient availability have altered sexual selection dynamics and the evolution of sexual traits: investment in ornamentation has increased, and there has been a decline in the nutritional benefits of re-mating in females.
Data from: Bayesian quantification of ecological determinants of outcrossing in natural plant populations: computer simulations and the case study of biparental inbreeding in English yew
The mating system is a central parameter of plant biology because it shapes their ecological and evolutionary properties. Therefore, determining ecological variables that influence the mating system is important for a deeper understanding of the functioning of plant populations. Here, using old concepts and recent statistical developments, we propose a new statistical tool to make inferences about ecological determinants of outcrossing in natural plant populations. The method requires co-dominant genotypes of seeds collected from maternal plants within different locations. Using extensive computer simulations, we demonstrated that the method is robust to the issues expected for real-world data, including the Wahlund effect, inbreeding and genotyping errors such as allele dropout and allele misclassification. Furthermore, we showed that the estimates of ecological effects and outcrossing rates can be severely biased if genotyping errors and genetic differentiation are not treated explicitly. Application of the new method to the case study of a dioecious tree (Taxus baccata) allowed revealing that female trees that grow in lower local densities have a greater tendency towards mating with relatives. Moreover, we also demonstrated that biparental inbreeding is higher in populations that are characterised by a longer mean distance between trees and a smaller mean trunk perimeter. We found these results to agree with both the theoretical predictions and the history of English yew.
Data from: Experimental study of shear and hydraulic bonding strength between casing and cement under complex temperature and pressure conditions
The cement sheath plays a vital role in preventing gas channelling. It is important to understand the interfacial bonding between the casing and cement sheath when the downhole temperature and pressure change. This paper demonstrates the results of an experimental study to investigate the effect of high-temperature and high-pressure (HTHP) and their variations on the cement sheath interfacial bonding strength (CSIBS). An experimental device was developed that is used to test the shear and hydraulic bonding strength with the method of uniaxial compression and gas channelling. The results show that both temperature and pressure have a significant influence on the CSIBS. As the curing temperature increases with a constant curing time or as the curing time increases with a constant curing temperature, the CSIBS first increases and then converges to a stable value. The casing roughness has a crucial effect on the shear bonding strength but little effect on the hydraulic bonding strength. Though the CSIBS decreases obviously with the decrease in temperature, it undergoes little change when the temperature first increases and then recovers to the initial value. When the internal casing pressure decreases to a certain value or first increases to a certain value followed by recovery to the initial state, the hydraulic bonding strength tends to be 0 MPa, which means that the interface undergoes debonding between the casing and cement.
Data from: Is MHC diversity a better marker for conservation than neutral genetic diversity? a case study of two contrasting dolphin populations
Genetic diversity is essential for populations to adapt to changing environments. Measures of genetic diversity are often based on selectively neutral markers, such as microsatellites. Genetic diversity to guide conservation management, however, is better reflected by adaptive markers, including genes of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). Our aim was to assess MHC and neutral genetic diversity in two contrasting bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops aduncus) populations in Western Australia—one apparently viable population with high reproductive output (Shark Bay) and one with lower reproductive output that was forecast to decline (Bunbury). We assessed genetic variation in the two populations by sequencing the MHC class II DQB, which encompasses the functionally important peptide binding regions (PBR). Neutral genetic diversity was assessed by genotyping twenty‐three microsatellite loci. We confirmed that MHC is an adaptive marker in both populations. Overall, the Shark Bay population exhibited greater MHC diversity than the Bunbury population—for example, it displayed greater MHC nucleotide diversity. In contrast, the difference in microsatellite diversity between the two populations was comparatively low. Our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that viable populations typically display greater genetic diversity than less viable populations. The results also suggest that MHC variation is more closely associated with population viability than neutral genetic variation. Although the inferences from our findings are limited, because we only compared two populations, our results add to a growing number of studies that highlight the usefulness of MHC as a potentially suitable genetic marker for animal conservation. The Shark Bay population, which carries greater adaptive genetic diversity than the Bunbury population, is thus likely more robust to natural or human‐induced changes to the coastal ecosystem it inhabits.
Data from: Insect pollinators show constancy for different flower traits between the most‐ and less‐preferred plants: a case study of the long‐proboscid tangle‐veined fly
<p>1. The coevolution of insect pollinators and their host plants is a typical example of natural selection; however, it remains unclear as to how insect pollinators avoid overdependence on one peculiar plant. As most insect pollinators exhibit a diet breadth when showing flower constancy, to determine the difference and similarity of most and less-preferred flowers by insect pollinators may be helpful to understand their trade-off between flower constancy and overdependence.</p> <p>2. We addressed this question in the long-proboscid tangle-veined fly (<i>Nemetrinus spp.</i>). Dietary investigation indicates that the flies show constancy for the morphological characteristic of the <i>Delphinium caeruleum</i>, which is the most preferred plant for this Nemestrinidae fly that has blue, long-tubed flowers.</p> <p>3. In a colour selection experiment, focal individuals showed obvious preference for white, which is the colour of less-preferred flowers by the fly in the natural environment. In a scent selection experiment, focal individuals showed obvious preference for <i>D. caeruleum </i>and <i>Dracocephalum heterophyllum</i>, but avoidance to <i>Dasiphora</i><i> fruticosa</i> and <i>Dasiphora davurica</i>. This indicates that long-proboscid tangle-veined flies can forage on other flowers, even the existing of constancy for <i>D. caeruleum</i>, as long as they do not hate the scent. It seems that long-proboscid tangle-veined flies can maximize foraging efficiency by showing constancy for the morphological characteristic of the most preferred plant and for the scent and colour of less-preferred plants.</p> <p>4. The tradeoff of long-proboscid tangle-veined fly in selection of nectar sources may be an adaptation to the risk of overdependence on one plant in evolution.</p>
Data from: Development of a sustainability assessment algorithm and its validation using case studies on cryogenic machining
This work presents a comprehensive structure for evaluating the sustainability of machining processes. Industries can contribute towards developing a sustainable future by using algorithms that evaluate the sustainability of their processes. Inspired by the literature, the proposed model involves a set of metrics that are critical in evaluating the impact of a process on society, environment, and economy. The flexibility of this model allows decision-makers to use the available responses to identify the most favorable process. The entropy weight method was suggested for objectively calculating the weights of each indicator. A multi-criteria decision-making method i.e., Technique for Order Preference based on Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS), was used to rank processes in the decreasing order of their sustainability. The proposed algorithm was successfully validated with case studies from the published literature. A MATLAB code was also created so that industries may expeditiously apply this method to evaluate the sustainability of machining processes.
Leptomeningeal metastasis from Adrenocortical carcinoma: a case report
<p>Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is an uncommon endocrine malignancy with limited treatment options. While overall 5-year survival rate in patients with ACC is 35%, the disease is often rapidly progressive with long-term survival in only 5% of patients. Although tumor stage, grade and excess hormonal activity predict unfavorable prognosis, additional biomarkers are needed to identify patients with aggressive disease.</p> <p>A 23-year-old woman presented with rapidly progressing signs and symptoms of Cushing's syndrome, with associated abdominal pain and fullness. Evaluation revealed a large left adrenal mass which had developed over 8 months. En bloc surgical resection was performed by an endocrine surgeon, and pathology revealed adrenocortical carcinoma with Ki67 of 60%. Despite adjuvant treatment with mitotane and etoposide-doxorubicin-carboplatin chemotherapy, the patient had rapid disease progression with metastatic spread to liver, lung, bone, brain and leptomeningies and she died eleven months after the initial diagnosis. Subsequent analysis of patient's tumor revealed mutations in TP53 and MEN1. RNA sequencing was compared against the The Cancer Genome Atlas data set and clustered with the high steroid, proliferative subtype, associated with the worst prognosis. The tumor also demonstrated a low BUB1B/PINK1 ratio as well as G0S2 hypermethylation, both predictive of very aggressive ACC.</p> <p>This case represents a subset of ACC characterized by rapid and fatal progression. Clinically available predictors as well as recently reported molecular signatures and biomarkers correlated with this tumor's aggressiveness, suggesting that development and validation of combinations of biomarkers may be useful in guiding personalized approaches to patients with ACC.</p>
SiEUGreen - Data for 'Deep Learning in Hyperspectral Image Reconstruction from Single RGB images—A Case Study on Tomato Quality Parameters'
<p>Dataset used in the scientific publication <a href="https://zenodo.org/record/4671852">'Deep Learning in Hyperspectral Image Reconstruction from Single RGB images—A Case Study on Tomato Quality Parameters'</a>. The data includes chemical contents of tomatoes that was measured, images and scripts used in the paper. The scripts here aim to predict tomato quality parameters, sugar content, acidity, sugar acid ratio and lycopene, of automatically segmented tomato through hyperspectral image reconstruction from single RGB image. The same data can also be found at the <a href="https://github.com/ZJiangsan/TomatoQualityPredictionOnAutomaticallySegmentedTomato">Github repository</a>. The data collection and scientific paper was produced by SiEUGreen partners at Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO).</p>
Data from: X-ray microtomography for ant taxonomy: an exploration and case study with two new Terataner (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Myrmicinae) species from Madagascar
We explore the potential of x-ray micro computed tomography (μCT) for the field of ant taxonomy by using it to enhance the descriptions of two remarkable new species of the ant genus Terataner: T. balrog sp. n. and T. nymeria sp. n.. We provide an illustrated worker-based species identification key for all species found on Madagascar, as well as detailed taxonomic descriptions, which include diagnoses, discussions, measurements, natural history data, high-quality montage images and distribution maps for both new species. In addition to conventional morphological examination, we have used virtual reconstructions based on volumetric μCT scanning data for the species descriptions. We also include 3D PDFs, still images of virtual reconstructions, and 3D rotation videos for both holotype workers and one paratype queen. The complete μCT datasets have been made available online (Dryad, https://datadryad.org) and represent the first cybertypes in ants (and insects). We discuss the potential of μCT scanning and critically assess the usefulness of cybertypes for ant taxonomy.
AutoImplant 2021 Task 2 - Clinical Cases Requiring Cranioplasty
<p>Clinical cases of defective skulls from the University of Nebraska Medical Center prior to correction via cranioplasty. Images are binary images that were thresholded at 150 Hounsfield units from high resolution CT scans. Facial bone features have been removed.</p>
Data from: Patterns of biodiverse, understudied groups do not mirror those of the surrogate groups that set conservation priorities: a case study from the Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain of eastern North America
We conducted biodiversity inventories of lichens, woody plants, and sedges at 32 sites on the Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain of eastern North America between November 2012 and June 2015. Each site comprised a single, uniform habitat, and sites were classified as: Coastal Plain Floodplain forest, Coastal Plain Flatwood swamp, Coastal Plain Oak-Pine forest, Maritime forest, Mixed Mesic Hardwood forest, or Tidal forest. We compared alpha diversity and community assemblages of each organismal group across the sites, and compared selected minimal reserve sets in order to visualize biodiversity patterns and assess whether specific components of vascular plants (sedges and woody plants) serve as an effective surrogate for lichens. Woody plants provide a direct substrate for lichen growth, but there was no significant correlation between the alpha diversity of these groups. For conserving maximal species richness among the studied groups, lichens outperformed the sedges and woody plants as the better surrogate group for building minimum reserve sets, even though vascular plants are more commonly used as a surrogate. Likewise, sedge alpha diversity was not correlated with lichens, or with woody plants. Although no group was an effective indicator for high alpha diversity sites of other organisms, a significant correlation between the community assemblages of lichens and woody plants suggests that protecting varied types of plant communities might serve as a workable surrogate for protecting lichens. The lack of congruence between species richness patterns across organismal groups suggests that the mechanisms that shape patterns of diversity are not identical, and that identifying and incorporating specific biodiversity indicators for understudied groups into conservation policy is necessary to ensure their protection.
Data from: Genomic, ecological, and morphological approaches to investigating species limits: a case study in modern taxonomy from Tropical Eastern Pacific surgeonfishes
A wide variety of species are distinguished by slight color variations. However, molecular analyses have repeatedly demonstrated that coloration does not always correspond to distinct evolutionary histories between closely related groups, suggesting that this trait is labile and can be misleading for species identification. In the present study, we analyze the evolutionary history of sister species of Prionurus surgeonfishes in the Tropical Eastern Pacific (TEP), which are distinguished by the presence or absence of dark spots on their body. We examined the species limits in this system using comparative specimen-based approaches, a mitochondrial gene (COI), more than 800 nuclear loci (Ultraconserved Elements), and abiotic niche comparisons. The results indicate there is a complete overlap of meristic counts and morphometric measurements between the two species. Further, we detected multiple individuals with intermediate spotting patterns suggesting that coloration is not diagnostic. Mitochondrial data recovered a single main haplotype shared between the species and all locations resulting in a complete lack of structure (ST = 0). Genomic analyses also suggest low levels of genetic differentiation (FST = 0.013), and no alternatively fixed SNPs were detected between the two phenotypes. Furthermore, niche comparisons could not reject niche equivalency or similarity between the species. These results suggest that these two phenotypes are conspecific and widely distributed in the TEP. Here we recognize Prionurus punctatus Gill 1862 as a junior subjective synonym of P. laticlavius (Valenciennes 1846). The underlying causes of phenotypic variation in this species is unknown. However, this system gives insight into general evolutionary dynamics within the TEP.
Implementing large genomic SNP datasets in phylogenetic network reconstructions: a case study of particularly rapid radiations of cichlid fish
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>The Midas cichlids of the <i>Amphilophus</i> <i>citrinellus </i>spp<i>.</i> species complex from Nicaragua, are an extraordinary adaptive rapid radiation (<24,000 years old; 13 described species). These cichlids are a very challenging group to infer its evolutionary history in phylogenetic analyses, due to the apparent prevalence of ILS, as well as past and current gene flow. Assuming solely a vertical transfer of genetic material from an ancestral lineage to new lineages is not appropriate in many cases of genes transferred horizontally in nature. Recently developed methods to infer phylogenetic networks under such circumstances might be able to circumvent these problems. These models accommodate not just incomplete lineage sorting, but also gene flow, under the multispecies network coalescent model (MSNC), processes that are at work in young, hybridizing, and/or rapidly diversifying lineages. There are currently only a few programs available that implement MSNC for estimating phylogenetic networks. Here, we present a novel way to incorporate single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data into the currently available PhyloNetworks program. Based on simulations, we demonstrate that SNPs can provide enough power to recover the true phylogenetic network. Moreover, our approach results in a faster algorithm compared to the original pipeline in PhyloNetworks, without losing power. We also applied our new approach to infer the phylogenetic network of Midas cichlid radiation. We implemented the most comprehensive genomic dataset to date (RADseq dataset of 679 individuals and >37K SNPs from 19 ingroup lineages) <span><span>and present estimated phylogenetic networks for this extremely young and fast-evolving radiation of cichlid fish. </span></span>We demonstrate that the MSNC is more appropriate than the multispecies coalescent alone for the analysis of this rapid radiation. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Card Case - Preview
For more information about this item visit: https://bhpsite.org/ This object was 3D scanned by Creaform 20. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Wooden door-case from the house of Kluger
Full name: **Fragment of a wooden door-case from the house of Szymon Kluger in Oświęcim, Poland** Fragment of a wooden door-case from the Kluger Family House in Oświęcim, preserved before the 2013-14 renovation of the building. Originally, the frame was installed on the ground floor of the house and was part of a door between, most probably, the kitchen or one of the rooms and the corridor. At present, it is part of the interior design of Café Bergson, run by the Auschwitz Jewish Center (AJC). **For more images and further information, visit:** https://muzea.malopolska.pl/pl/lista-obiektow/3007 Inventory number: MZ-413-O Localisation of the physical object:[ Auschwitz Jewish Center](https://ajcf.pl/en/), Oświęcim, Poland Localisation of the physical object: Auschwitz Jewish Center, Oświęcim, Poland **Digitalisation: Regional Digitalisation Lab, Małopolska Institute of Culture in Kraków, Poland; "Virtual Museums of Małopolska" project** Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Historic Toothbrush Case
This ceramic toothbrush case was discovered during the 2005 CAP excavations of Saints' Rest, the first dormitory on MSU's campus that burned down in the winter of 1876. A maker's mark is present on the underside showing a coat of arms with a lion and a unicorn. Beneath this are the words "IRONSTONE CHINA" and "T. GOODFELLOW". Pieces using this Goodfellow maker's mark were made in Tunstall, Stafordshire in England and were in production from 1828 until 1858 or 1859. Toothbrushes were commonly made of wood in the 19th century and layed horizontally in ceramic cases such as these. The raised portions in the base of the case have two peaks each which would have allowed three toothbrushes to be placed in it. No case was recovered or identified, but were normally part of the set. Modern toothbrush holders place the them vertically and allow them to airdry. This photogrammetric model was create by Jack A. Biggs using Agisoft Metashape. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Independence Cross – a case
ID no.: MNS-H/4204 Museum: Nowy Sącz District Museum https://muzea.malopolska.pl/en/objects-list/2355 Digitalisation: RDW MIC, Virtual Małopolska project Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Board game case, Brettspiel
ID no.: ZKWawel 5928 Museum: Wawel Royal Castle – State Art Collection http://muzea.malopolska.pl/en/obiekty/-/a/4869610/4878036 Digitalisation: RDW MIC, Małopolska's Virtual Museums Plus project Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Digital Radiology Case Repository
<p>Radiology case images( DICOM to picture formats eg JPEF,PNG,TIFF etc) with no patient related data or information.</p> <p>These pictures serve as the source for the digital online radiology case repository </p>
Dataset Case-control study: Risk factors for sporadic non-pregnancy related listeriosis in Germany, 2012-2013
<p>The dataset contains data of a nationwide age-frequency matched case-control study in Germany, 2012-2013, which was performed to identify underlying conditions and foods asscociated with sporadic listeriosis. It covers anonymous sociodemografic information, information on underlying conditions, and >60 food items. Data for control subjects were obtained from a population-based random telephone sample, which was generated according to the method by Gabler and Häder and considered telephone numbers not registered in telephone books.</p>
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.