Find research datasets worth reusing

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2019View details →

Text-fig. 2. Soft-tissue imprints and traces of bioerosion on Middle Ordovician cephalopods from Estonia. a: GIT 819-1, Tragoceras falcatum (SCHLOTHEIM, 1820), drag bands; b: GIT 819-1, T. falcatum, pseudosutures; c: GIT 819-2, Estonioceras sp., drag bands; d: GIT 819-3, cf. Anthoceras vaginatum (SCHLOTHEIM, 1820), drag bands; e: GIT 819-4, cf. Orthoceras regulare SCHLOTHEIM, 1820, drag bands; f: Pits on the body chamber of GIT 819-1, T. falcatum. Specimens oriented with aperture downwards. Scale bars 1 mm. in Conch Structures, Soft-Tissue Imprints And Taphonomy Of The Middle Ordovician Cephalopod Tragoceras Falcatum From Estonia

Text-fig. 2. Soft-tissue imprints and traces of bioerosion on Middle Ordovician cephalopods from Estonia. a: GIT 819-1, Tragoceras falcatum (SCHLOTHEIM, 1820), drag bands; b: GIT 819-1, T. falcatum, pseudosutures; c: GIT 819-2, Estonioceras sp., drag bands; d: GIT 819-3, cf. Anthoceras vaginatum (SCHLOTHEIM, 1820), drag bands; e: GIT 819-4, cf. Orthoceras regulare SCHLOTHEIM, 1820, drag bands; f: Pits on the body chamber of GIT 819-1, T. falcatum. Specimens oriented with aperture downwards. Scale bars 1 mm.

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2019View details →

Text-fig. 1. Megastriae and post mortem epicoles on Tragoceras falcatum (SCHLOTHEIM, 1820). Arrows and M1–M3 indicate megastriae, bryozoan colonies are indicated by B1 and B2. a: GIT 819-1, left lateral view; b: body chamber of GIT 819-1, dorsal view; c: body chamber of GIT 819-1, left lateral view; d: GIT 819-1, right lateral view; e: PIMUZ 37299, right lateral view; f: detail of the body chamber of GIT 819-1, right lateral view, encrusted by bryozoans; g: bryozoan colony with Trypanites borings growing on an older bryozoan crust GIT 819-1. Specimens oriented with aperture downwards. Scale bars 10 mm. in Conch Structures, Soft-Tissue Imprints And Taphonomy Of The Middle Ordovician Cephalopod Tragoceras Falcatum From Estonia

Text-fig. 1. Megastriae and post mortem epicoles on Tragoceras falcatum (SCHLOTHEIM, 1820). Arrows and M1–M3 indicate megastriae, bryozoan colonies are indicated by B1 and B2. a: GIT 819-1, left lateral view; b: body chamber of GIT 819-1, dorsal view; c: body chamber of GIT 819-1, left lateral view; d: GIT 819-1, right lateral view; e: PIMUZ 37299, right lateral view; f: detail of the body chamber of GIT 819-1, right lateral view, encrusted by bryozoans; g: bryozoan colony with Trypanites borings growing on an older bryozoan crust GIT 819-1. Specimens oriented with aperture downwards. Scale bars 10 mm.

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2019View details →

Text-fig. 2. a–g. Schloenbachia lymensis SPATH, 1926. a–d. S. lymensis from the Plaňany quarry. a. Lateral view. b. Ventral view. c. Whorl section (improved from Soukup 1971). d. Suture line (adopted from Soukup 1971; improved). E – external lobe, A – adventive lobe, U1 and U2 – umbilical lobes. e–g. S. lymensis from the locality Slaný. e, g. Ventro-lateral view showing larger clavi modified into spines closely to the aperture. f. Ventral view. Scale bars equal 10 mm. in Taxonomy And Stratigraphic Distribution Of The Ammonite Schloenbachia Neumayr, 1875 From The Bohemian Cretaceous Basin

Text-fig. 2. a–g. Schloenbachia lymensis SPATH, 1926. a–d. S. lymensis from the Plaňany quarry. a. Lateral view. b. Ventral view. c. Whorl section (improved from Soukup 1971). d. Suture line (adopted from Soukup 1971; improved). E – external lobe, A – adventive lobe, U1 and U2 – umbilical lobes. e–g. S. lymensis from the locality Slaný. e, g. Ventro-lateral view showing larger clavi modified into spines closely to the aperture. f. Ventral view. Scale bars equal 10 mm.

Text-fig. 3. Scanning electron micrographs (a, b) and synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy orthoslices (c–e) of flower of Lambertiflora elegans gen. et sp. nov. from the Early Cretaceous Puddledock locality, Virginia, USA (holotype, PP53796, Puddledock sample 082). a) Flower in lateral view showing long pedicel and overlapping elongated tepals; b) Detail of flower showing overlapping elongated tepals; note the numerous holes indicating the position of probable secretory cells; c) Flower in longitudinal section showing overlapping elongated tepals, remains of probable poorly developed stamens or staminodes and probable poorly developed carpels on the central conical gynoecial region of the receptacle (cut between orthoslices xz0510 and 0570); d) Flower in longitudinal section (comparable to c) showing overlapping tepals, poorly developed stamens or staminodes, and probable poorly developed carpels on the central conical gynoecial region of the receptacle; note the prominent cavities from secretory cells scattered through the tissues (cut between orthoslice xz0560 and 0575); e) Flower in transverse section showing overlapping tepals, poorly developed stamens or staminodes, and remains of probable poorly developed carpels (cut between orthoslices xy1160 and 1180). Scale bars = 1 mm (a), 500 µm (b–e). in Multiparted, Apocarpous Flowers From The Early Cretaceous Of Eastern North America And Portugal

Text-fig. 3. Scanning electron micrographs (a, b) and synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy orthoslices (c–e) of flower of Lambertiflora elegans gen. et sp. nov. from the Early Cretaceous Puddledock locality, Virginia, USA (holotype, PP53796, Puddledock sample 082). a) Flower in lateral view showing long pedicel and overlapping elongated tepals; b) Detail of flower showing overlapping elongated tepals; note the numerous holes indicating the position of probable secretory cells; c) Flower in longitudinal section showing overlapping elongated tepals, remains of probable poorly developed stamens or staminodes and probable poorly developed carpels on the central conical gynoecial region of the receptacle (cut between orthoslices xz0510 and 0570); d) Flower in longitudinal section (comparable to c) showing overlapping tepals, poorly developed stamens or staminodes, and probable poorly developed carpels on the central conical gynoecial region of the receptacle; note the prominent cavities from secretory cells scattered through the tissues (cut between orthoslice xz0560 and 0575); e) Flower in transverse section showing overlapping tepals, poorly developed stamens or staminodes, and remains of probable poorly developed carpels (cut between orthoslices xy1160 and 1180). Scale bars = 1 mm (a), 500 µm (b–e).

Text-fig. 2. Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy volume renderings (a, b) and orthoslices (c–e) of Mugideiriflora portugallica gen. et sp. nov. from the Early Cretaceous Catefica locality, Portugal (holotype, S174254, Catefica sample 150). Yellow dots – stamens, red dots – carpels. a) Flower in lateral view showing the broad bases of the laminar tepals; b) Flower in longitudinal section showing the flat to slightly concave floral receptacle with a central conical gynoecial region (cut between orthoslices yz0800 and 1220); c) Flower in transverse section showing the numerous laminar tepals in several series and the stamens cut in the region of the poorly differentiated anthers; note cellular differences between outer (op) and inner (in) perianth parts, as well as and transverse sections of anthers, apparently with laterally to slightly dorsally placed pollen sacs (arrow heads) (cut at orthoslice xy0770); d) Flower in transverse section showing the numerous laminar tepals in several series, flattened rhomboidal stamen bases in several series, and poorly differentiated carpels (cut at orthoslice xy0820); e) Flower in transverse section showing the numerous laminar tepals in several series, flattened rhomboidal stamen bases in several series, and poorly differentiated carpels (cut at orthoslice xy0920); f) Flower in longitudinal section showing the shallowly concave floral receptacle with laminar tepals, stamens, and a central conical gynoecial region bearing poorly differentiated carpels (cut at orthoslice yz0900); g) Flower in longitudinal section perpendicular to that in (f) showing stamens and poorly differentiated carpels (cut at orthoslice xz1630). Scale bars = 1 mm (a, b), 500 µm (c–g). in Multiparted, Apocarpous Flowers From The Early Cretaceous Of Eastern North America And Portugal

Text-fig. 2. Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy volume renderings (a, b) and orthoslices (c–e) of Mugideiriflora portugallica gen. et sp. nov. from the Early Cretaceous Catefica locality, Portugal (holotype, S174254, Catefica sample 150). Yellow dots – stamens, red dots – carpels. a) Flower in lateral view showing the broad bases of the laminar tepals; b) Flower in longitudinal section showing the flat to slightly concave floral receptacle with a central conical gynoecial region (cut between orthoslices yz0800 and 1220); c) Flower in transverse section showing the numerous laminar tepals in several series and the stamens cut in the region of the poorly differentiated anthers; note cellular differences between outer (op) and inner (in) perianth parts, as well as and transverse sections of anthers, apparently with laterally to slightly dorsally placed pollen sacs (arrow heads) (cut at orthoslice xy0770); d) Flower in transverse section showing the numerous laminar tepals in several series, flattened rhomboidal stamen bases in several series, and poorly differentiated carpels (cut at orthoslice xy0820); e) Flower in transverse section showing the numerous laminar tepals in several series, flattened rhomboidal stamen bases in several series, and poorly differentiated carpels (cut at orthoslice xy0920); f) Flower in longitudinal section showing the shallowly concave floral receptacle with laminar tepals, stamens, and a central conical gynoecial region bearing poorly differentiated carpels (cut at orthoslice yz0900); g) Flower in longitudinal section perpendicular to that in (f) showing stamens and poorly differentiated carpels (cut at orthoslice xz1630). Scale bars = 1 mm (a, b), 500 µm (c–g).

Text-fig. 1. Scanning electron micrographs of Mugideiriflora portugallica gen. et sp. nov. from the Early Cretaceous Catefica locality, Portugal (holotype, S174254, Catefica sample 150). a) Flower in oblique lateral view showing numerous broad tepals, numerous inwardly curved stamens and the flat floral receptacle with a conical gynoecial region; b–c) Flower in two different oblique apical views showing numerous broad laminar tepals and inwardly curved stamens surrounding the carpels; note cellular differences between outer (op) and inner (in) perianth parts, as well as bases of anthers, apparently with laterally to slightly dorsally placed pollen sacs (arrow heads); d) Detail of flower showing a cluster of poorly differentiated carpels in the center surrounded by elongated stamens; note grooves in the dorsal surface of the stamens indicating the position of the pollen sacs; e) Detail of flower showing the broad bases of the laminar tepals, rhomboidal stamen bases and poorly differentiated carpels; f) Detail of flower showing inwardly arched stamens and poorly differentiated carpels. Scale bars = 1 mm (a–c), 200 µm (d–f). in Multiparted, Apocarpous Flowers From The Early Cretaceous Of Eastern North America And Portugal

Text-fig. 1. Scanning electron micrographs of Mugideiriflora portugallica gen. et sp. nov. from the Early Cretaceous Catefica locality, Portugal (holotype, S174254, Catefica sample 150). a) Flower in oblique lateral view showing numerous broad tepals, numerous inwardly curved stamens and the flat floral receptacle with a conical gynoecial region; b–c) Flower in two different oblique apical views showing numerous broad laminar tepals and inwardly curved stamens surrounding the carpels; note cellular differences between outer (op) and inner (in) perianth parts, as well as bases of anthers, apparently with laterally to slightly dorsally placed pollen sacs (arrow heads); d) Detail of flower showing a cluster of poorly differentiated carpels in the center surrounded by elongated stamens; note grooves in the dorsal surface of the stamens indicating the position of the pollen sacs; e) Detail of flower showing the broad bases of the laminar tepals, rhomboidal stamen bases and poorly differentiated carpels; f) Detail of flower showing inwardly arched stamens and poorly differentiated carpels. Scale bars = 1 mm (a–c), 200 µm (d–f).

Text-fig. 6. Scanning electron micrographs of multicarpellate and apocarpous floral structures from the Early Cretaceous Puddledock locality, Virginia, USA (a, b: PP43701, Puddledock sample 001; c: PP43000x, Puddledock sample 073). a) Anacostia? sp., strongly compressed, elongated receptacle with spirally arranged carpels (red dots; not all shown); note larger size compared to the other floral structures; b) Numerous Anacostia type pollen grains in proximal view from the base of floral structure in (a); note graded reticulum over the proximal pole of the pollen grains; c) Elongated receptacle with numerous carpels in a spiral arrangement, possibly representing an earlier developmental stage of Anacostia? sp. Scale bars = 1 mm (a, c), 10 µm (b). in Multiparted, Apocarpous Flowers From The Early Cretaceous Of Eastern North America And Portugal

Text-fig. 6. Scanning electron micrographs of multicarpellate and apocarpous floral structures from the Early Cretaceous Puddledock locality, Virginia, USA (a, b: PP43701, Puddledock sample 001; c: PP43000x, Puddledock sample 073). a) Anacostia? sp., strongly compressed, elongated receptacle with spirally arranged carpels (red dots; not all shown); note larger size compared to the other floral structures; b) Numerous Anacostia type pollen grains in proximal view from the base of floral structure in (a); note graded reticulum over the proximal pole of the pollen grains; c) Elongated receptacle with numerous carpels in a spiral arrangement, possibly representing an earlier developmental stage of Anacostia? sp. Scale bars = 1 mm (a, c), 10 µm (b).

Text-fig. 4. Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy orthoslices of flowers of Lambertiflora virginiense gen. et sp. nov. from the Early Cretaceous Puddledock locality, Virginia, USA (holotype, PP53796, Puddledock sample 081). White dots – tepals, yellow dots – stamens or staminodes, red dot – central conical gynoecial region. a) Flower in longitudinal section showing elongated overlapping tepals, remains of probable poorly developed stamens or staminodes and probable poorly developed carpels on the central conical gynoecial region of the receptacle (orthoslice yz0454); b) Flower in transverse section showing rhomboidal bases of 30 tepals, nine poorly developed stamens or staminodes, and the central poorly differentiated gynoecial region of the receptacle (orthoslice xy1160); c) Flower in transverse section at the level of the floral receptacle showing 30 tepals, nine of the poorly developed stamens or staminodes, and the central poorly differentiated gynoecial region of the receptacle (orthoslice xy1250). Scale bars = 250 µm (a–c). in Multiparted, Apocarpous Flowers From The Early Cretaceous Of Eastern North America And Portugal

Text-fig. 4. Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy orthoslices of flowers of Lambertiflora virginiense gen. et sp. nov. from the Early Cretaceous Puddledock locality, Virginia, USA (holotype, PP53796, Puddledock sample 081). White dots – tepals, yellow dots – stamens or staminodes, red dot – central conical gynoecial region. a) Flower in longitudinal section showing elongated overlapping tepals, remains of probable poorly developed stamens or staminodes and probable poorly developed carpels on the central conical gynoecial region of the receptacle (orthoslice yz0454); b) Flower in transverse section showing rhomboidal bases of 30 tepals, nine poorly developed stamens or staminodes, and the central poorly differentiated gynoecial region of the receptacle (orthoslice xy1160); c) Flower in transverse section at the level of the floral receptacle showing 30 tepals, nine of the poorly developed stamens or staminodes, and the central poorly differentiated gynoecial region of the receptacle (orthoslice xy1250). Scale bars = 250 µm (a–c).

Text-fig. 3. Tumidopteris astra sp. nov., holotype GIN 4851/343h, morphology of sori. a: part of fertile pinnule; b: one practically complete sorus located on the terminal part of a lateral vein; c: sorus with four visible sporangia; d: partly damaged sorus with three visible sporangia; e: two neighbouring sori. Locality: the borehole IK-675, depth 961.7 m. Scale 1 mm (a, b, e), 500 Μm (c), 100 Μm (d). in A New Species Of The Genus Tumidopteris Naugolnykh From The Permian Of The Pechora Cis-Urals, Russia

Text-fig. 3. Tumidopteris astra sp. nov., holotype GIN 4851/343h, morphology of sori. a: part of fertile pinnule; b: one practically complete sorus located on the terminal part of a lateral vein; c: sorus with four visible sporangia; d: partly damaged sorus with three visible sporangia; e: two neighbouring sori. Locality: the borehole IK-675, depth 961.7 m. Scale 1 mm (a, b, e), 500 Μm (c), 100 Μm (d).

Text-fig. 2. Tumidopteris astra sp. nov., macromorphology. a, c: sterile pinna, spec. GIN 4851/340; b, d: holotype GIN 4851/343h; e: sterile pinna, spec. GIN 4851/344. Localities: the city of Vorkuta, Section 49, layer 254 (a, c), the borehole IK-675, depth 961.7 m (b, d), the borehole IK-677, depth 147.8 m (e). Scale 1 cm (a, b, c, e), 1 mm (d). in A New Species Of The Genus Tumidopteris Naugolnykh From The Permian Of The Pechora Cis-Urals, Russia

Text-fig. 2. Tumidopteris astra sp. nov., macromorphology. a, c: sterile pinna, spec. GIN 4851/340; b, d: holotype GIN 4851/343h; e: sterile pinna, spec. GIN 4851/344. Localities: the city of Vorkuta, Section 49, layer 254 (a, c), the borehole IK-675, depth 961.7 m (b, d), the borehole IK-677, depth 147.8 m (e). Scale 1 cm (a, b, c, e), 1 mm (d).

Text-fig. 5. Tumidopteris astra sp. nov., holotype GIN 4851/343h, morphology of sori. a, b: line tracing of the sorus; c: an isolated spore preserved on the sporangium. Scale 500 Μm (a, b), 20 Μm (c). in A New Species Of The Genus Tumidopteris Naugolnykh From The Permian Of The Pechora Cis-Urals, Russia

Text-fig. 5. Tumidopteris astra sp. nov., holotype GIN 4851/343h, morphology of sori. a, b: line tracing of the sorus; c: an isolated spore preserved on the sporangium. Scale 500 Μm (a, b), 20 Μm (c).

Text-fig. 6. Comparative analysis of the three genera (Prynadaeopteris RADCZ., Geperapteris S.V.MEYEN, Tumidopteris NAUGOLNYKH) with possible affinity to Gleicheniaceae from the Permian deposits of Angaraland. a–c: Tumidopteris NAUGOLNYKH; d–f: Prynadaeopteris RADCZ. (based on Radczenko 1955, 1956, Naugolnykh 2013); g–i: Geperapteris S.V.MEYEN (based on Meyen 1982, Naugolnykh 2013). Left column – sori in plan (frontal view); central column – leaves; right column – sori in cross-section; FL – flattened sori; HS – hemispherical sori. Scale 1 cm (b, h), 5 mm (e), 1 mm (a, d), 0.5 mm (g); c, f, i – figures schematically drawn without scale. in A New Species Of The Genus Tumidopteris Naugolnykh From The Permian Of The Pechora Cis-Urals, Russia

Text-fig. 6. Comparative analysis of the three genera (Prynadaeopteris RADCZ., Geperapteris S.V.MEYEN, Tumidopteris NAUGOLNYKH) with possible affinity to Gleicheniaceae from the Permian deposits of Angaraland. a–c: Tumidopteris NAUGOLNYKH; d–f: Prynadaeopteris RADCZ. (based on Radczenko 1955, 1956, Naugolnykh 2013); g–i: Geperapteris S.V.MEYEN (based on Meyen 1982, Naugolnykh 2013). Left column – sori in plan (frontal view); central column – leaves; right column – sori in cross-section; FL – flattened sori; HS – hemispherical sori. Scale 1 cm (b, h), 5 mm (e), 1 mm (a, d), 0.5 mm (g); c, f, i – figures schematically drawn without scale.

Text-fig. 4. Tumidopteris astra sp. nov., holotype GIN 4851/343h, morphology of sori (a, b, c), epidermal structure (e) and the sterile pinna (d; spec. 4851/344). a: partly damaged sorus; b: partly damaged sorus with six sporangia; c: two neighboring sori; d: part of the sterile pinna; e: costal epiderma. Scale 500 Μm (a, b, c), 1 cm (d), 200 Μm (e). in A New Species Of The Genus Tumidopteris Naugolnykh From The Permian Of The Pechora Cis-Urals, Russia

Text-fig. 4. Tumidopteris astra sp. nov., holotype GIN 4851/343h, morphology of sori (a, b, c), epidermal structure (e) and the sterile pinna (d; spec. 4851/344). a: partly damaged sorus; b: partly damaged sorus with six sporangia; c: two neighboring sori; d: part of the sterile pinna; e: costal epiderma. Scale 500 Μm (a, b, c), 1 cm (d), 200 Μm (e).

Text-fig. 54. Scanning electron microscope (SEM; a–e, g, h) and synchrotron x-ray microscopy (SRXTM; f, i) images of unnamed angiosperm fruits and seeds; Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Follicle sp. 1, narrow elongate follicle with sessile and decurrent stigma; b) Follicle sp. 2, broad, dehisced follicle with elongate and transverse fibers lining the locule; c) Angiosperm seed sp. 1 with thin, smooth seed coat; d) Angiosperm seed sp. 2 with verrucate seed coat; e) Angiosperm seed sp. 3 with exotestal and foveolate seed coat; f) Angiosperm seed sp. 4 with smooth seed coat; g, h) Angiosperm seed sp. 5 with raised epidermal cells forming a reticulate pattern; i) Wedge-shaped angiosperm fruit with remains of floral parts near apex. Specimens, TV43-S136726 (a), TV44-S148144 (b), TV43-S170074 (c), TV43-S136747 (d), TV43-S170073 (e), TV38-S174615 (f), TV44-S148003 (g), TV44-S148004 (h), TV43-S174685 (i). Scale bars 300 Μm (a–i). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Torres Vedras (Ne Of Forte Da Forca), Portugal: A Palaeofloristic Analysis Of An Early Angiosperm Community

Text-fig. 54. Scanning electron microscope (SEM; a–e, g, h) and synchrotron x-ray microscopy (SRXTM; f, i) images of unnamed angiosperm fruits and seeds; Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Follicle sp. 1, narrow elongate follicle with sessile and decurrent stigma; b) Follicle sp. 2, broad, dehisced follicle with elongate and transverse fibers lining the locule; c) Angiosperm seed sp. 1 with thin, smooth seed coat; d) Angiosperm seed sp. 2 with verrucate seed coat; e) Angiosperm seed sp. 3 with exotestal and foveolate seed coat; f) Angiosperm seed sp. 4 with smooth seed coat; g, h) Angiosperm seed sp. 5 with raised epidermal cells forming a reticulate pattern; i) Wedge-shaped angiosperm fruit with remains of floral parts near apex. Specimens, TV43-S136726 (a), TV44-S148144 (b), TV43-S170074 (c), TV43-S136747 (d), TV43-S170073 (e), TV38-S174615 (f), TV44-S148003 (g), TV44-S148004 (h), TV43-S174685 (i). Scale bars 300 Μm (a–i).

Text-fig. 53. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of tricolpate pollen of Nicholsia brevicolpites gen. et sp. nov. from a coprolite containing several kinds of pollen; Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Detail of the coprolite that yielded the tricolpate pollen in this Text-figure showing several different kinds of pollen grains; b–d) Tricolpate pollen grains in polar (b) and equatorial (c, d) views showing colpi, coarsely granular aperture membrane and foveolate tectum. Specimen, TV44-S137906-03 (holotype; a–d). Scale bars 30 Μm (a), 6 Μm (b–d). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Torres Vedras (Ne Of Forte Da Forca), Portugal: A Palaeofloristic Analysis Of An Early Angiosperm Community

Text-fig. 53. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of tricolpate pollen of Nicholsia brevicolpites gen. et sp. nov. from a coprolite containing several kinds of pollen; Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Detail of the coprolite that yielded the tricolpate pollen in this Text-figure showing several different kinds of pollen grains; b–d) Tricolpate pollen grains in polar (b) and equatorial (c, d) views showing colpi, coarsely granular aperture membrane and foveolate tectum. Specimen, TV44-S137906-03 (holotype; a–d). Scale bars 30 Μm (a), 6 Μm (b–d).

Text-fig. 50. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM) images of a flower and mature carpels of Reyanthus lusitanicus gen. et sp. nov.; Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Holotype; multicarpellate flower showing numerous carpels surrounded by remains of the androecium and perianth; note the bract subtending the flower (arrowhead); b, c) Longitudinal sections perpendicular to section in (f) (b, SRXTM orthoslice xz0461) and (c, SRXTM cut voltex xz0540-0580) showing receptacle, carpels and remains of the androecium and perianth; note prominent cavities formed by the oil cells, subtending bract (arrow) and bract subtending fragmentary bud (arrowhead); d, e) Apical (d) and lateral (e) views of gynoecium showing laterally flattened carpels and dorsi-ventrally flattened stamen or staminode (* in e); f) Longitudinal section (SRXTM orthoslice yz0405) of gynoecium showing conical receptacle and carpels with densely spaced oil cells; g, h) Mature carpel of Reyanthus lusitanicus gen. et sp. nov. showing slightly curved form, rounded apex and base that tapers toward the attachment to the receptacle; i) Surface of carpel showing embedded oil cells; j) Transverse section through three carpels showing attachment of developing ovules near the ventral sutures and oil cells in the wall just below the surface (SRXTM cut voltex xy0770-0845). Specimens TV299-S136716 (holotype; a–f), TV299-S136717 (g–j). Scale bars 300 Μm (a–d, f–h), 150 Μm (e, j), 30 Μm (i). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Torres Vedras (Ne Of Forte Da Forca), Portugal: A Palaeofloristic Analysis Of An Early Angiosperm Community

Text-fig. 50. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM) images of a flower and mature carpels of Reyanthus lusitanicus gen. et sp. nov.; Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Holotype; multicarpellate flower showing numerous carpels surrounded by remains of the androecium and perianth; note the bract subtending the flower (arrowhead); b, c) Longitudinal sections perpendicular to section in (f) (b, SRXTM orthoslice xz0461) and (c, SRXTM cut voltex xz0540-0580) showing receptacle, carpels and remains of the androecium and perianth; note prominent cavities formed by the oil cells, subtending bract (arrow) and bract subtending fragmentary bud (arrowhead); d, e) Apical (d) and lateral (e) views of gynoecium showing laterally flattened carpels and dorsi-ventrally flattened stamen or staminode (* in e); f) Longitudinal section (SRXTM orthoslice yz0405) of gynoecium showing conical receptacle and carpels with densely spaced oil cells; g, h) Mature carpel of Reyanthus lusitanicus gen. et sp. nov. showing slightly curved form, rounded apex and base that tapers toward the attachment to the receptacle; i) Surface of carpel showing embedded oil cells; j) Transverse section through three carpels showing attachment of developing ovules near the ventral sutures and oil cells in the wall just below the surface (SRXTM cut voltex xy0770-0845). Specimens TV299-S136716 (holotype; a–f), TV299-S136717 (g–j). Scale bars 300 Μm (a–d, f–h), 150 Μm (e, j), 30 Μm (i).

Text-fig. 47. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of reticulate-foveolate pollen on the surface of a fruit of Serialis antiquum; Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a, b) Pollen grain showing angular outline and tectum perforated by foveolae of different sizes; note the braided tectum ornamentation formed by aggregations of small ridges (b); aperture not known; c, d) Pollen grain showing angular outline, tectum perforated by foveolae that become smaller toward the presumed pole; note the relatively smooth tectum and faint pattern of braiding ridges (d); aperture not known. Specimens, TV43-S171535-01 (a, b), TV43-S171535-02 (c, d). Scale bars 6 Μm (a, c), 1 Μm (b, d). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Torres Vedras (Ne Of Forte Da Forca), Portugal: A Palaeofloristic Analysis Of An Early Angiosperm Community

Text-fig. 47. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of reticulate-foveolate pollen on the surface of a fruit of Serialis antiquum; Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a, b) Pollen grain showing angular outline and tectum perforated by foveolae of different sizes; note the braided tectum ornamentation formed by aggregations of small ridges (b); aperture not known; c, d) Pollen grain showing angular outline, tectum perforated by foveolae that become smaller toward the presumed pole; note the relatively smooth tectum and faint pattern of braiding ridges (d); aperture not known. Specimens, TV43-S171535-01 (a, b), TV43-S171535-02 (c, d). Scale bars 6 Μm (a, c), 1 Μm (b, d).

Text-fig. 48. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of monocolpate pollen from a coprolite; Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Coprolite that yielded the pollen in this Text-figure as well as several other kinds of pollen; b) Reticulum of pollen grain showing the tall, sharp muri and obconical columellae; c–e) Grains of Goczania inaequalis sp. nov. intermixed with pollen grains that have a coarse, loosely attached reticulum with tall, sharp muri and sparse columellae; note the weak transverse striations on the muri and that the reticulum is much larger than the main body of the grain that it encloses. Specimen, TV44-S148023. Scale bars 300 Μm (a), 6 Μm (c–e), 3 Μm (b). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Torres Vedras (Ne Of Forte Da Forca), Portugal: A Palaeofloristic Analysis Of An Early Angiosperm Community

Text-fig. 48. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of monocolpate pollen from a coprolite; Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Coprolite that yielded the pollen in this Text-figure as well as several other kinds of pollen; b) Reticulum of pollen grain showing the tall, sharp muri and obconical columellae; c–e) Grains of Goczania inaequalis sp. nov. intermixed with pollen grains that have a coarse, loosely attached reticulum with tall, sharp muri and sparse columellae; note the weak transverse striations on the muri and that the reticulum is much larger than the main body of the grain that it encloses. Specimen, TV44-S148023. Scale bars 300 Μm (a), 6 Μm (c–e), 3 Μm (b).

Text-fig. 45. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of monocolpate pollen of Dinisia portugallica gen. et sp. nov. from a fragmentary stamen; Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Holotype; stamen fragment showing elongated pollen sacs that yielded the pollen in this Text-figure; b) Two pollen grains showing poorly defined distal aperture (arrowhead) and distinctive vermiform reticulum forming luminae of variable shapes and sizes; note especially the irregularly and incomplete reticulum in the grain on the left; c) Reticulum showing smooth, vermiform muri attached to the smooth surface of the foot layer by long columellae; note that columellae often terminate segments of muri that are not closed; d, e) Pollen grains showing proximal surface (d), poorly defined distal aperture (e, arrowhead) and distinctive vermiform reticulum supported by long columellae; note dense covering of small, spherical orbicules on the inner surface of the anther wall. Specimen, TV44-S148216 (holotype). Scale bars 300 Μm (a), 6 Μm (b, d, e), 3 Μm (c). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Torres Vedras (Ne Of Forte Da Forca), Portugal: A Palaeofloristic Analysis Of An Early Angiosperm Community

Text-fig. 45. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of monocolpate pollen of Dinisia portugallica gen. et sp. nov. from a fragmentary stamen; Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Holotype; stamen fragment showing elongated pollen sacs that yielded the pollen in this Text-figure; b) Two pollen grains showing poorly defined distal aperture (arrowhead) and distinctive vermiform reticulum forming luminae of variable shapes and sizes; note especially the irregularly and incomplete reticulum in the grain on the left; c) Reticulum showing smooth, vermiform muri attached to the smooth surface of the foot layer by long columellae; note that columellae often terminate segments of muri that are not closed; d, e) Pollen grains showing proximal surface (d), poorly defined distal aperture (e, arrowhead) and distinctive vermiform reticulum supported by long columellae; note dense covering of small, spherical orbicules on the inner surface of the anther wall. Specimen, TV44-S148216 (holotype). Scale bars 300 Μm (a), 6 Μm (b, d, e), 3 Μm (c).

Text-fig. 43. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of monocolpate pollen of Kempia longicolpites gen. et sp. nov. from a fragmentary stamen; Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Holotype; stamen fragment showing elongated pollen sacs that yielded the pollen in this Text-figure; b) Pollen grains showing the very long distal aperture and loosely attached reticulum; c, d) Pollen grains showing the very long, clearly defined distal aperture that extends around the ends of the grain; e) Reticulum in nonapertural region showing the smooth muri loosely attached to the smooth surface of the foot layer by short columellae; f) Internal view of reticulum showing the short columellae loosened from the foot layer. Specimen, TV44-S105018 (holotype). Scale bars 300 Μm (a), 30 Μm (b), 6 Μm (c, d), 3 Μm (e, f). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Torres Vedras (Ne Of Forte Da Forca), Portugal: A Palaeofloristic Analysis Of An Early Angiosperm Community

Text-fig. 43. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of monocolpate pollen of Kempia longicolpites gen. et sp. nov. from a fragmentary stamen; Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Holotype; stamen fragment showing elongated pollen sacs that yielded the pollen in this Text-figure; b) Pollen grains showing the very long distal aperture and loosely attached reticulum; c, d) Pollen grains showing the very long, clearly defined distal aperture that extends around the ends of the grain; e) Reticulum in nonapertural region showing the smooth muri loosely attached to the smooth surface of the foot layer by short columellae; f) Internal view of reticulum showing the short columellae loosened from the foot layer. Specimen, TV44-S105018 (holotype). Scale bars 300 Μm (a), 30 Μm (b), 6 Μm (c, d), 3 Μm (e, f).