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Figure 5 in Trophobiosis between ants and Eurystethus microlobatus Ruckes 1966 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) a cryptic, gregarious and subsocial stinkbug

Figure 5. Daily variation on ant species recruitment to aggregations in rocky outcrops, southeastern Brazil. Number of aggregations with ant species present on at least one count in parenthesis, points represents mean and whiskers represent standard error.

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Figure 1 in Trophobiosis between ants and Eurystethus microlobatus Ruckes 1966 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) a cryptic, gregarious and subsocial stinkbug

Figure 1. Observed distribution of Eurystethus microlobatus aggregations (n = 98; black bars) contingent with Psittacanthus robustus distribution (n = 519, white bars) on five plant size classes in rocky outcrops, southeastern Brazil.

Figure 7 in Characterization of the orchid bee Euglossa viridissima (Apidae: Euglossini) and a novel cryptic sibling species, by morphological, chemical, and genetic characters

Figure 7. Geographical distribution of tridentate Euglossa dilemma sp. nov. (black) and predominantly bidentate Euglossa viridissima (white) as inferred from recent baiting assays (circles) as well as museum material (diamonds). Note lack of E. viridissima in the south-eastern part (Costa Rica) of the range. Museum material included paratypes of E. dilemma and additional specimens of one or both species in the collections of D. W. Roubik, T. Eltz (CTE), G. Gerlach (CGG), the Zoologische Staatssammlung München (ZSM), the Smithsonian Institution (SI), and the Snow Entomological Collection (SEC). Only unambiguous and non-redundant localities were plotted. Localities of baiting assays are (from west to east): Chamela (Jalisco, Mexico), El Chote (Veracruz, Mexico), Ayozinthepec (Oaxaca, Mexico), Monte Pio and Poza Azul (both Veracruz, Mexico), Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Esquintla, Tapachula, Ocosingo and Palenque (all Chiapas, Mexico), Atasta (Campeche, Mexico), Retalhuleu (Guatemala), Lacanjá (Chiapas, Mexico), Escarcega (Campeche, Mexico), El Remate (Campeche, Mexico), Chablekal, Xmatkuil (Yucatán, Mexico), Tikal (Guatemala), San Crisanto (Yucatán, Mexico), Chetumal and Coba (both Quintana Roo, Mexico), Chinandega, Chacocente, Escameca Grande, Jinotega, Ometepe and Las Pampas (all Nicaragua), and Area de Conservación Guanacaste (Costa Rica).

Figure 6 in Characterization of the orchid bee Euglossa viridissima (Apidae: Euglossini) and a novel cryptic sibling species, by morphological, chemical, and genetic characters

Figure 6. Chronogram showing divergence times and phylogenetic relationships of selected lineages in the genus Euglossa and the sibling species Euglossa dilemma sp. nov. and E. viridissima. The tree topology corresponds to that obtained via Bayesian methods. Bayesian posterior probabilities and parsimony bootstrap values are shown for the sister species only. Divergence times were obtained via penalized likelihood using the fossil-calibrated molecular clock procedures described in Ramírez et al. (2010b). The maximum and minimum age estimates for the MRCA of E. dilemma and E. viridissima correspond to the molecular clock analyses in which the MRCA of the genus Euglossa was assigned a fossil calibration of 20 and 15 Myr, respectively.

Figure 2 in Characterization of the orchid bee Euglossa viridissima (Apidae: Euglossini) and a novel cryptic sibling species, by morphological, chemical, and genetic characters

Figure 2. Allele size distribution of Euglossa viridissima- like males from the Yucatán peninsula, Mexico, at the microsatellite locus ann02. Overall, bidentate males (grey bars) had significantly smaller allele sizes than tridentate individuals (black bars), and there was little overlap in allele size. The seven individuals indicated as red circles were also tridentate, but had been clustered with bidentate males in the analysis of perfume similarity (see Fig. 1), lacking HNDB. These seven individuals had the third (central) mandibular tooth significantly displaced towards the tip of the mandible (nearer to the distal tooth, see Fig. 3B), unlike in other tridentate males. Their ann02 allele size suggests that they in fact belong to the bidentate lineage. See text for further explanation.

Figure 4 in Characterization of the orchid bee Euglossa viridissima (Apidae: Euglossini) and a novel cryptic sibling species, by morphological, chemical, and genetic characters

Figure 4. Results of a PCA of 15 morphological variables measured in male Euglossa viridissima and Euglossa dilemma sp. nov. Components 1 and 3, which showed significant differences between the species, are used for this two-dimensional representation. Note that E. dilemma shows slightly less variability and is essentially nested within E. viridissima morphospace. Centroids of distributions are shown.

Figure 3. A in Characterization of the orchid bee Euglossa viridissima (Apidae: Euglossini) and a novel cryptic sibling species, by morphological, chemical, and genetic characters

Figure 3. A, Euglossa viridissima-like males attracted to a bait dish at Xmatkuil, Yucatán, Mexico. B, mandibular morphology of males of tridentate Euglossa dilemma sp. nov., and tridentate and bidentate males of E. viridissima. The position of the central mandibular tooth in tridentate individuals is expressed as the ratio of the distance between the distal and the central tooth to the distance between the central and the basal tooth. Means and standard deviations are given.

Figure 1 in Characterization of the orchid bee Euglossa viridissima (Apidae: Euglossini) and a novel cryptic sibling species, by morphological, chemical, and genetic characters

Figure 1. Differences in the chemical composition of tibial perfumes between tridentate (black circles) and bidentate (grey circles) Euglossa viridissima-like males as revealed by a multidimensional scaling (MDS) analysis. Only tridentate males contained HNDB. Tridentate males without HNDB are highlighted (red symbols).

Figure 5 in Two new cryptic and sympatric species of the king crab parasite Briarosaccus (Cirripedia: Rhizocephala) in the North Pacific

Figure 5. SEM photographs of cuticular ultrastructures of the externae. All images taken from specimens of B. regalis n. sp. (a) External surface of the mantle. Arrows are indicating fields of small papillae, which are irregularly distributed over the surface. (b, c) Details of papillae-patches on the external mantle surface. (d, e) Small hairs covering the inner mantle surface, close towards the mantle opening. (f) Outer edge of the mantle opening. Arrows are indicating the distinct break between the smooth outer and hairy inner mantle surface. (g, h) Groups of retinacula of the inner mantle surface. (i) Single retinaculum spindle.

Figure 1 in Two new cryptic and sympatric species of the king crab parasite Briarosaccus (Cirripedia: Rhizocephala) in the North Pacific

Figure 1. Unrooted phylogenetic trees of the COI and 16S genes from 31 Briarosaccus specimens, constructed using neighbor joining based on the Kimura 2-parameter model. Parasites taken from P. camtschaticus are named red 1 to 19, from P. platypus hosts are named blue 1 to 2, and from L. aequispinus hosts are named golden 1 to 10. The respective host king crabs to the parasite specimens of the two genetic clades are displayed in the black boxes between the trees. Numbers on the nodes indicate the bootstrap supports. The scale bars are indicating substitution sites.

Figure 3 in Two new cryptic and sympatric species of the king crab parasite Briarosaccus (Cirripedia: Rhizocephala) in the North Pacific

Figure 3. In situ photograph of a unfixed externa of B. regalis n. sp. on P. camtschaticus, showing the natural colouration. The soft ventral cuticle of the king crab's abdomen has been removed, displaying the green rootlets that are situated inside the crab's body. Abbrevations: mo, mantle opening; p, pleopod of the crab; r, green internal rootlets; s, sternum of the crab; st, stalk. Scale bar indicating 1 cm.

Figure 2 in Two new cryptic and sympatric species of the king crab parasite Briarosaccus (Cirripedia: Rhizocephala) in the North Pacific

Figure 2. Morphological comparison between the herein described Briarosaccus species and the type specimen of B. callosus. Line drawings from the right side view of the externae. a) Large, ovigerous specimen of B. regalis n. sp., taken from P. camtschaticus. b) Type specimen of B. callosus, drawing modified from Boschma, 1930. Abbreviations: mo, mantle opening; s, cuticular shield; st, stalk. Scale bar indicating 1 cm.

FIGURES 3–4. Klimeschiopsis spp., male genitalia. 3. K in Klimeschiopsis terroris auctt. from Spain-a further case of cryptic diversity in European Lepidoptera (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae, Gelechiinae)

FIGURES 3–4. Klimeschiopsis spp., male genitalia. 3. K. arnoldfransorum sp. nov., holotype (gen. slide GEL 1350 ♁ P. Huemer); 4. K. terroris (gen. slide 3411 H. Hendriksen); scale bar = 0.5 mm.

FIGURES 1–2. Klimeschiopsis spp., adults. 1. K in Klimeschiopsis terroris auctt. from Spain-a further case of cryptic diversity in European Lepidoptera (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae, Gelechiinae)

FIGURES 1–2. Klimeschiopsis spp., adults. 1. K. arnoldfransorum sp. nov., adult, paratype, female; 2. K. terroris, female; scale bar = 5 mm.

FIGURE 7 in Klimeschiopsis terroris auctt. from Spain-a further case of cryptic diversity in European Lepidoptera (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae, Gelechiinae)

FIGURE 7. Klimeschiopsis arnoldfransorum sp. nov., female genitalia, paratype (gen. slide 02/1155 ♀ P. Huemer); scale bar = 0.5 mm.

FIGURES 5–6 in Klimeschiopsis terroris auctt. from Spain-a further case of cryptic diversity in European Lepidoptera (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae, Gelechiinae)

FIGURES 5–6. Klimeschiopsis spp., male genitalia, details of valva-vinculum-complex. 5. K. arnoldfransorum sp. nov., holotype (gen. slide GEL 1350 ♁ P. Huemer); 6. K. terroris (gen. slide 3411 H. Hendriksen); scale bar = 0.5 mm.

FIGURES 11–12 in Klimeschiopsis terroris auctt. from Spain-a further case of cryptic diversity in European Lepidoptera (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae, Gelechiinae)

FIGURES 11–12. Klimeschiopsis spp., female genitalia, details of signum. 11. K. arnoldfransorum sp. nov., paratype (gen. slide 02/1155 ♀ P. Huemer); 12. K. terroris (gen. slide GEL 1075 ♀ P. Huemer); scale bar = 0.4 mm.

FIGURE 8 in Klimeschiopsis terroris auctt. from Spain-a further case of cryptic diversity in European Lepidoptera (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae, Gelechiinae)

FIGURE 8. Klimeschiopsis terroris, female genitalia (gen. slide GEL 1075 ♀ P. Huemer); scale bar = 0.5 mm.

FIGURES 9–10 in Klimeschiopsis terroris auctt. from Spain-a further case of cryptic diversity in European Lepidoptera (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae, Gelechiinae)

FIGURES 9–10. Klimeschiopsis spp., female genitalia, details of segment VIII. 9. K. arnoldfransorum sp. nov., paratype (gen. slide 02/1155 ♀ P. Huemer); 10. K. terroris (gen. slide GEL 1075 ♀ P. Huemer); scale bar = 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 13 in Klimeschiopsis terroris auctt. from Spain-a further case of cryptic diversity in European Lepidoptera (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae, Gelechiinae)

FIGURE 13. Neighbor-Joining tree of Klimeschiopsis spp. (Kimura 2-parameter, built with MEGA X (Kumar et al. 2018); Caryocolum leucomelanella (Zeller, 1839) as outgroup). Source: DNA Barcode data from BOLD (Barcode of Life Database; Ratnasingham 2018).