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opennotspecifiedOct 2011View details →

Fig. 4 in Phenotypical plasticity and homoplasy complicate species delimitation in the Cladonia gracilis group (Cladoniaceae, Ascomycota)

Fig. 4 Principal component analysis (PCA) based on seven morphological and anatomical variables of C. coniocraea and C. ochrochlora

opennotspecifiedOct 2011View details →

Fig. 2 in Phenotypical plasticity and homoplasy complicate species delimitation in the Cladonia gracilis group (Cladoniaceae, Ascomycota)

Fig. 2 Phylogeny of the Cladonia coniocraea and C. ochrochlora complex. 50% Majority rule Bayesian tree based on ITS rDNA, IGS, RPB2 and EF1-α. Branches supported with posterior probability ≥0.95 and bootstrap>70% are indicated in bold. Bootstrap value>70% for MP/ Bootstrap value>70% for ML/posterior probability>0.95 for Bayesian analysis at branches

opennotspecifiedJan 2021View details →

Fig. 8 in Evolutionary insights into the eco-phenotypic diversification of Dysdera spiders in the Canary Islands

Fig. 8 Simplified scheme of the evolution of cheliceral morphology in the Canarian Dysdera. On top are the slightly elongated chelicerae (Dysdera verneaui). Below, from left to right: unmodified chelicerae (Dysdera guayota), elongated chelicerae (Dysdera breviseta), concave chelicerae (Dysdera cribellata), small chelicerae (Dysdera levipes), and flattened chelicerae (Dysdera ramblae). The number of arrows corresponds to the number of evolutionary events

opennotspecifiedJan 2021View details →

Fig. 7 a in Evolutionary insights into the eco-phenotypic diversification of Dysdera spiders in the Canary Islands

Fig. 7 a Percentage of various tactics (unspecialized, pincers, fork, key/ dagger) represented at 13 habitat types where more than one species of Dysdera co-occurred. b Relationship between the number of species per

FIGURE 9 in Snailfishes of the genus Careproctus (Perciformes: Liparidae) with a reduced pelvic disk: three new species and new records from the western North Pacific with comments on their phenotypic diversity

FIGURE 9. Plots of scores of principal components 1 and 2 based on 13 size-corrected measurements of the Careproctus gilberti species group only (A), and the C. gilberti + C. rastrinus + C. reinhardti species groups (B). Distributions of PC1 and PC2 scores for the C. gilberti species group and for C. rastrinus + C. reinhardti species groups are shown in each axis of (B).

FIGURE 8 in Snailfishes of the genus Careproctus (Perciformes: Liparidae) with a reduced pelvic disk: three new species and new records from the western North Pacific with comments on their phenotypic diversity

FIGURE 8. (A): Neighbor-joining (NJ) tree of the Careproctus gilberti, C. rastrinus, and C. reinhardti species groups based on sequence variations in the mitochondrial COI (474 bp) gene. Support values (≥50% ML bootstrap probability) indicated along branches. Each node labeled with collection registration number (sequences determined here) or INSDC accession number (sequences determined in previous studies, in italics). (B): A minimum spanning network of the C. gilberti species group. Each circle represents a unique haplotype; area of each circle proportional to number of individuals; each bar on internal nodes represents a single nucleotide change. In addition to the sequences determined here, the following sequences from INSDC were used. Careproctus ostentum: MH715573, KU053754; C. gilberti: MH630293, KU053753, MH715534–MH715569, MH882481, JQ354029, MH630294.

FIGURE 7 in Snailfishes of the genus Careproctus (Perciformes: Liparidae) with a reduced pelvic disk: three new species and new records from the western North Pacific with comments on their phenotypic diversity

FIGURE 7. Careproctus gilberti and related species. Careproctus ostentum, UW 150870, 72.1 mm SL, (preserved) (A); C. parvidiscus, HUMZ 164407, holotype, 167.7 mm SL, (preserved) (B); Careproctus sp. cf. gilberti, FAKU 147753, 55.1 mm SL, (preserved) (C); C. gilberti, OS 8684, 69.2 mm SL, (preserved) (D), and ventral view of head region of OS 8684 (E).

FIGURE 5 in Snailfishes of the genus Careproctus (Perciformes: Liparidae) with a reduced pelvic disk: three new species and new records from the western North Pacific with comments on their phenotypic diversity

FIGURE 5. Careproctus spinulosus sp. nov., FAKU 146600, holotype, 201.0 mm SL, fresh condition (A), preserved condition (B), and ventral view of head region (C); ventral view of head region of FAKU 148864, paratype, 112.2 mm SL (D). Dotted red line and arrow indicates position of anus and pelvic disk, respectively.

FIGURE 3 in Snailfishes of the genus Careproctus (Perciformes: Liparidae) with a reduced pelvic disk: three new species and new records from the western North Pacific with comments on their phenotypic diversity

FIGURE 3. Distributional records of species of Careproctus with a reduced pelvic disk based on the present and previous studies (see text).

FIGURE 4 in Snailfishes of the genus Careproctus (Perciformes: Liparidae) with a reduced pelvic disk: three new species and new records from the western North Pacific with comments on their phenotypic diversity

FIGURE 4. Careproctus longibarbatus sp. nov., HUMZ 124178, paratype, 216.8 mm SL, (fresh) (A); HUMZ 121570, paratype, 218.6 mm SL, (preserved) (B); ventral view of head region of HUMZ 121571, paratype, 175.6 mm SL (C), and HUMZ 121570 (D) (both preserved). Dotted red line and arrows indicate position of anus and pelvic disk, respectively.

FIGURE 1 in Snailfishes of the genus Careproctus (Perciformes: Liparidae) with a reduced pelvic disk: three new species and new records from the western North Pacific with comments on their phenotypic diversity

FIGURE 1. Careproctus barbatulus sp. nov., FAKU 148026, paratype, 152.7 mm SL, (fresh) (A); FAKU 147240, holotype, 157.7 mm SL, (preserved) (B); ventral view of head region of FAKU 147240 (C), and FAKU 148026 (D) (both preserved). Dotted red line and arrows indicate position of anus and pelvic disk, respectively.

FIGURE 6. Careproctus mederi, FAKU 146572, 102.3 in Snailfishes of the genus Careproctus (Perciformes: Liparidae) with a reduced pelvic disk: three new species and new records from the western North Pacific with comments on their phenotypic diversity

FIGURE 6. Careproctus mederi, FAKU 146572, 102.3 mm SL, (preserved) (A); diastema at symphysis of upper jaw of FAKU 148478, 143.6 mm SL (B); eggs of FAKU 146572 (C); one of four syntypes of ZIN 18958, 150.0 mm SL, (preserved) (D), eggs (E), and ventral view of head region (F). Dotted red line and arrow indicates position of anus and pelvic disk, respectively.

FIGURE 2 in Snailfishes of the genus Careproctus (Perciformes: Liparidae) with a reduced pelvic disk: three new species and new records from the western North Pacific with comments on their phenotypic diversity

FIGURE 2. Pectoral girdle in five species of Careproctus with a reduced pelvic disk. Careproctus barbatulus sp. nov., FAKU 146634, paratype, 220.8 mm SL (A); Careproctus barbatulus sp. nov., FAKU 147740, non-type (B); Careproctus longibarbatus sp. nov., FAKU 148477, paratype, 223.0 mm SL (C); C. spinulosus sp. nov., FAKU 146632, paratype, 199.8 mm SL (D); C. mederi, FAKU 148478, non-type, 143.6 mm SL (E); C. gilberti, FAKU S4869, non-type, 67.2 mm SL (F). Shaded areas represent cartilage.

Fig. 4 in Several Subspecies or Phenotypic Plasticity? A Geometric Morphometric and Molecular Analysis of Variability of the Mayan Cichlid Mayaheros urophthalmus in the Yucatan

Fig. 4. Axis of CVA under aquatic environment approach with ellipses of the probability of 95%, and the grid of morphometric space of CVA with a factor of deformation ¼ 0.1; (A) axis 1 of CVA and (B) axis 2 of CVA.

Fig. 3. CVA 1 in Several Subspecies or Phenotypic Plasticity? A Geometric Morphometric and Molecular Analysis of Variability of the Mayan Cichlid Mayaheros urophthalmus in the Yucatan

Fig. 3. CVA 1 vs. CVA 2 by population at geometric morphometric space delimited by minimum convex polygons, and the grid of morphometric space of CVA with a factor of deformation ¼ 0.1; (A) axis 1 of CVA and (B) axis 2 of CVA.

Fig. 1 in Several Subspecies or Phenotypic Plasticity? A Geometric Morphometric and Molecular Analysis of Variability of the Mayan Cichlid Mayaheros urophthalmus in the Yucatan

Fig. 1. Study area, Yucatan Peninsula. Localities of M. urophthalmus taken into account for the geometric morphometric analysis, in gray numbers. Localities with genetic data, marked with an asterisk. Localities from nominal species included in the morphometric analysis: M. alborus (15), M. cienagae (10), M. conchitae (8), M. mayorum (6), and M. zebra (9).

Fig. 2 in Several Subspecies or Phenotypic Plasticity? A Geometric Morphometric and Molecular Analysis of Variability of the Mayan Cichlid Mayaheros urophthalmus in the Yucatan

Fig. 2. Constellation of landmarks and semilandmarks for the geometric morphometric analysis showing Procrustes superimposition of landmarks and semilandmarks. Anatomical positions of landmarks: Landmark 1—intersection between the posterior base of dorsal fin and caudal peduncle; Landmark 2—the most distal pore of the end of lateral line; Landmark 3—intersection between the posterior base of the pelvic fin and caudal peduncle; Landmark 4—intersection between anterior base of pelvic fin and belly; Landmark 5—apical intersection between subopercle and interopercle; Landmark 6—commissure of dentary at the more posterior end at its junction with the anguloarticular, quadrates, and ectometapterygoid bone; Landmarks 7 and 8—delimitation of the width of the commissure of dentary at its junction with the maxilla; Landmarks 9 and 10—delimitation of the width of the dentary at the more anterior end; Landmarks 10 and 12—delimitation of the width of the premaxilla at the more anterior end; Landmark 11—dorsal end of edge between opercle and cheek; Landmarks 12 to 24—the curve of 13 semilandmarks beginning at the intersection between the premaxilla and ascending process at semilandmark 12, the curve traced upwards until the base of dorsal fin at semilandmark 24.

opennotspecifiedSep 2021View details →

FIG. 4 in Phenotypic Variation in Brook Trout Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill) at Broad Spatial Scales Makes Morphology an Insufficient Basis for Taxonomic Reclassification of the Species

FIG. 4. The number of vertebrae (A) and basihyal teeth (B) reported by Stauffer (2020) for Cosby (CS; yellow), Indian Camp (ICC; blue), and Greenbrier (GB; green) Creeks. Vertebrae counts from peer-reviewed literature are also shown (see the supplement for sources), and, where appropriate, mean (triangle), mode (circle), and/or range (line) are indicated. The dashed line in panel B reflects values that were reported for basihyal tooth count from Cosby Creek in Stauffer (2020) but which were inconsistent with the requested data.

opennotspecifiedSep 2021View details →

FIG. 1 in Phenotypic Variation in Brook Trout Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill) at Broad Spatial Scales Makes Morphology an Insufficient Basis for Taxonomic Reclassification of the Species

FIG. 1. Native distribution of Brook Trout (shaded gray area) in the United States and Canada, with Brook Trout used in our comparative analyses originating from survey locations located in panels A and B. The three streams in Long Island, NY, surveyed by Stauffer and King (2014) are shown in panel A. Panel B shows streams from the Great Smoky Mountains National Park (GSMNP) surveyed by Weathers et al. (2019; circles) and Stauffer (2020; diamonds), with the three streams included in both studies symbolized with matching colors (Cosby Creek: yellow; Greenbrier Creek: green; Indian Camp Creek: blue). Streams included in Weathers et al. (2019) but not included in Stauffer (2020) are shown in gray circles.