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6,467 results for “process”
Patterns and processes in the history of body size in turritelline gastropods, Jurassic-to-Recent
<p>Body size is an important trait with implications for energy use and ecology as well as generation time and evolutionary rates. Turritelline gastropods are widely distributed through geologic time and space, making them an excellent group for evaluating macroevolutionary patterns. To evaluate the pattern of body size change in turritelline gastropods, we compiled a dataset of shell lengths of 316 species of turritelline gastropods spanning the Jurassic to Recent. Type specimens were almost always significantly larger than specimen distributions from the same species. We found that 1) turritelline gastropod size was inversely correlated with latitude, a trend likely driven by the Neogene-Recent diversification of small-bodied Southern Hemisphere taxa. A time series model was applied to distinguish among three possible macroevolutionary patterns: unbiased random walk (no directional trend), biased random walk (directional trend), and stasis (no net change). We found that 2) turritelline gastropods have experienced stasis in body size throughout their evolutionary history, adding to the growing literature documenting directionless body size trends in marine invertebrate clades. Stasis of geographically widespread clades may be the result of ecological variability across the environmental range occupied by the group or differential diversification into opposing environments. Turritelline life-history patterns, especially their reproductive strategy that combines a short lifespan and decline in growth rate around 1 year of age to reallocate energy to reproduction, might circumvent selection for longevity and larger size while further decrease in minimum size is likely limited by feeding efficiency and anti-predatory defense. The expectation that species or clades should continue to evolve to occupy larger size classes conflicts with the evolutionary advantages of small size, which in turritelline gastropods include high generational turnover and larger population sizes that yield opportunities for genetic variance.</p>
Neural and visual processing of social gaze cueing in typical and ASD adults
<p>Atypical eye gaze in joint attention is a clinical characteristic of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Despite this documented symptom, neural processing of joint attention tasks in real-life social interactions is not understood. To address this knowledge gap, functional-near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and eye-tracking data were acquired simultaneously as ASD and typically developed (TD) individuals engaged in a gaze-directed joint attention task with a live human and robot partner. We test the hypothesis that face processing deficits in ASD are greater for interactive faces than for simulated (robot) faces. Consistent with prior findings, neural responses during human gaze cueing modulated by face visual dwell time resulted in increased activity of ventral frontal regions in ASD and dorsal parietal systems in TD participants. Hypoactivity of the right dorsal parietal area during live human gaze cueing was correlated with autism spectrum symptom severity: Brief Observations of Symptoms of Autism (BOSA) scores (r = -0.86). Contrarily, neural activity in response to robot gaze cueing modulated by visual acquisition factors activated dorsal parietal systems in ASD, and this neural activity was not related to autism symptom severity (r = 0.06). These results are consistent with the hypothesis that altered encoding of incoming facial information to the dorsal parietal cortex is specific to live human faces in ASD. These findings open new directions for understanding joint attention difficulties in ASD by providing a connection between superior parietal lobule activity and live interaction with human faces.</p>
Informes de casos de estudio finales en hábitats humanos (anexo del libro: La visión sistémica del ambiente construido, 2024). [Data sets for the article: The Habitat Intervention Design Process -Part II]
<p>From the book: Estos informes están escritos en español por los estudiantes que se mencionan en cada informe, quienes son los autores. Cada uno de estos seis documentos contiene casos de estudio y muestra la implementación de la metodología del 'Proceso de Diseño de Intervención del Hábitat' (IDP) en cada uno de los 6 casos mencionados en el libro (<strong>Capítulo 2.5 y Capítulo 3.2</strong>) (Libro: La visión sistémica del ambiente construido). </p> <p>Estos hacen parte de la Fase 2 Fundamentos Prácticos del Modelo del proyecto de investigación "Modelo Pedagógico para la Enseñanza del Diseño de Intervención del Hábitat en Programas de Educación Superior". </p> <p>From the article: These reports are Spanish-written. Each of these six documents contains one of the case studies and shows the implementation of the 'Habitat Intervention Design Process' (IDP) methodology in each of the 6 case studies mentioned in the article "The Habitat Intervention Design Process -Part II: A Transdisciplinary Model in the Pedagogy of the Design of the Built Environment" published in The International Journal of Design Education in its 2023 version. Find it here: <a href="https://doi.org/10.18848/2325-128X/CGP/v17i02/155-195">https://doi.org/10.18848/2325-128X/CGP/v17i02/155-195 </a></p>
Data for Intra-seasonal variability in sediment provenance and transport processes in the Brahmaputra basin
<p>No description provided.</p>
Processed Data MOST
<p>Processed eddy-covariance data used to reproduce the figures of the paper "Relaxed eddy accumulation outperforms Monin-Obukhov flux models under non-ideal conditions"</p>
Processed BCO data for Vial et al. 2023
<p>The folder contains yearly netCDF files with the hourly-averaged cloud radar data from the Barbados Cloud Observatory (BCO) used in <em>Vial,</em> <em>Albright, Vogel, Musat, Bony (2023), Cloud transition across the daily cycle illuminates model responses of trade cumuli to warming, PNAS</em>. Also provided is the file ‘radar_diurnalCMIP_files_version.txt’, which contains information about the version of the raw data used to create the processed files.</p> <p>The raw data can be accessed through the BCO intake catalog, which can be accesses using <a href="https://www.python.org/">Python</a> and <a href="https://intake.readthedocs.io/">intake</a> e.g. as follows:</p> <p>from intake import open_catalog<br> cat = open_catalog("https://bco.pages.gwdg.de/intake/catalog.yaml")<br> ds = cat.Level_1.Backscatter_MBR2.to_dask()<br> ds.SNR.sel(time="2022-08-01", range=slice(0, 5000)).T.plot(robust=True)</p>
REGAIN trial intervention development process evaluation data
<p><strong>Background</strong>: Up to half of people hospitalised with COVID-19 report diverse and persistent symptoms affecting quality of life for months and sometimes years after discharge (long-COVID). We describe the development of an online group exercise and behavioural support intervention for people who continue to experience such physical and/or emotional health problems more than three months after hospital discharge. <br><br><strong>Methods</strong>: Intervention development was informed by the Medical Research Council framework for complex interventions. Our multidisciplinary team of academics, clinicians, and people with long-COVID, had collective expertise in the development and testing of complex interventions. We integrated a bio-psycho-social model of care drawing on rehabilitation literature for long-term health conditions and experiences from our pre-pilot study. Multiple stakeholder meetings were held to refine the intervention which was designed to be deliverable within the UK National Health Service. We adhere to TIDieR guidance for transparent and explicit reporting of telehealth interventions. <br><br><strong>Results</strong>: The final REGAIN online exercise and behavioural support intervention consisted of an initial 1:1 consultation with a trained practitioner, followed by eight online group exercise, and six group support, sessions delivered over eight weeks. Participants could also access an online library of on-demand exercise and support videos.<br><br><strong>Conclusions</strong>: The final REGAIN intervention, combining exercise and behavioural support, is fully manualised with clear pathways to delivery and implementation. It is currently being tested in a randomised controlled trial. The intervention, developed with extensive patient and stakeholder engagement, could be incorporated into existing NHS rehabilitation programmes, should it prove to be clinically and cost-effective for people with long-COVID.</p> <p><strong>Trial registration</strong>: International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial Number (ISRCTN) 11466448: Rehabilitation exercise and psychological support after COVID-19 infection: REGAIN.</p>
The departure between constant-rate birth-death and empirically inferred diversification processes
<p>Birth-death models (BDMs) are stochastic processes describing the processes of speciation and extinction through time and across taxa and are widely used in biology for inference of evolutionary timescales. Previous research has highlighted how the expected trees under BDMs tend to differ from empirical trees with respect to indices such as the amount of phylogenetic imbalance. However, our understanding of how trees differ between BDMs and empirical inferences remains incomplete. In this study, we demonstrate how four different constant-rate BDM scenarios influence tree shape and branch-length characteristics of phylogenetic trees, using a wide range of topology and branch-length indices. Comparison of BDM expectations against a comprehensive empirical dataset of 1,189 empirical trees shows that the dominant form of model inadequacy in BDMs is in failing to accommodate large amounts of phylogenetic imbalance in empirical processes. We also find that empirical trees tend to have significantly greater depth, lower stemminess, and longer shortest pendant edge lengths than BD-simulated trees. The results also indicate that accounting for the sampling fraction is the single most important parameter for accommodating empirical stemminess and branch lengths. Overall, our findings demonstrate the limitations of BDM priors when inferring the shape and structural characteristics of phylogenetic trees, highlighting the importance of novel methods that account for a broader tree space and secondarily reduce any possible bias in branch length estimation.</p>
Raw data for the Github repository "Collection of scripts to download & process hydropower generation data in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Uruguay"
<p>This is the raw data downloaded from the websites of the following system operators:</p> <p> - CNDC, Comité Nacional de Despacho de Carga (Bolivia): https://www.cndc.bo/home/index.php<br> - ONS, Operador Nacional do Sistema Elétrico (Brazil): https://www.ons.org.br/<br> - UTE, Usinas y Trasmisiones Eléctricas (Uruguay): https://www.ute.com.uy/<br> - CAMMESA, Compañía Administradora del Mercado Mayorista Eléctrico Sociedad Anónima (Argentina): https://cammesaweb.cammesa.com</p> <p>Hydropower generation data is extracted using the R scripts available here: https://github.com/matteodefelice/hydro-sam</p>
Understanding surface chemical processes in perovskite oxide electrodes
<p>X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy data and Low Energy ion scattering data for the LSCrF8255 materials published in J. Mater Chem A. DOI10.1039/D3TA00070B</p>
Processed results supporting MSFragger-Labile: A Flexible Method to Improve Labile PTM Analysis in Proteomics
<p>Search results supporting the manuscript "MSFragger-Labile: A Flexible Method to Improve Labile PTM Analysis in Proteomics". Processed PSM, ion, peptide, and protein tables for each search are provided, sorted by figure within the zip file. FragPipe workflows with parameters are also provided for all searches. </p>
Modeling software processes from different domains using SPEM and BPMN notations: An experience report of teaching software processes
<p>In a current application development scenario in different environments, technologies and contexts, such as IoT, Blockchain, Machine Learning and Cloud Computing, there is a need for particular solutions for domain-specific software development processes. The proper definition of software processes requires understanding the involved teams and organization’s particularities and specialized technical knowledge in Software Engineering. Although it is an essential part of Software Engineering, many university curricula do not dedicate as much effort to teach software processes, focusing more on the basic principles of Software Engineering, such as requirements, architecture and programming languages. Another important aspect of software processes is modeling. The modeling of a software process provides a basis for managing, automating and supporting the software process improvement. In this context, teaching software process modeling becomes challenging, mainly due to the great emphasis on theory and few practices. This work presents an experience report teaching the definition and modeling of software processes in different domains. We applied in the discipline of software processes a practice for defining and modeling processes in various application domains, such as: IoT, cloud, mobile, critical systems, self-adaptive systems, machine learning, blockchain and games. The processes were modeled in the Software & Systems Process Engineering Metamodel (SPEM) and Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN) notations based on references from the literature for each domain. We evaluated the process modeling practice with the SPEM and BPMN in 3 classes of the software processes discipline and compared the use of the two notations applied to the different domains. We concluded that the modeling tool and the maturity in the domain are essential for the excellent performance of the process.</p>
Penetration and perforation process of 12.7mm FSP on plate captured by high-speed camera 2: Video (Test 2 of configuration 2).
<p>The penetration and the perforation process of configuration 2 is recorded using HSC 2. It is shown that at the moment of impact, the FSP causes a localized bulge at the rear side of the plate. A localized shearing of material, induced by the FSP front surface, is created in the contact zone. Immediately after, the FSP penetrates and a circular plug is punched through the plate, leaving a clean cut hole. Subsequently, the punched plug can be seen attached to the front surface of the projectile. After that, the punched plug is separated from the FSP.</p>
Processed CMIP6 data for "The climate response to the Mt Pinatubo eruption does not constrain climate sensitivity"
<p>Processed CMIP6 output for Pauling et al. "The climate response to the Mt Pinatubo eruption does not constrain climate sensitivity" submitted to Geophysical Research Letters in 2023.</p> <p>Download this code repository: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7553024 and follow the instructions in the README to download data and reproduce the results of the paper.</p>
Data for: A spatially explicit trait-based approach uncovers changes in assembly processes under warming
<p><span>The re-assembly of plant communities during climate warming depends on several concurrent processes. Here we present a novel framework that integrates spatially explicit sampling, plant trait information and a warming experiment to quantify shifts in these assembly processes. By accounting for spatial distance between individuals, our framework allows separation of potential signals of environmental filtering from those of different types of competition. When applied to an elevational transplant experiment in the French Alps, we found common signals of environmental filtering and competition in all communities. Signals of environmental filtering were generally stronger in alpine than in subalpine control communities, and warming reduced this filter. Competition signals depended on treatments and traits: Symmetrical competition was dominant in control and warmed alpine communities, while hierarchical competition was present in subalpine communities. Our study highlights how distance dependent frameworks can contribute to a better understanding of transient re-assembly dynamics during environmental change.</span></p>
The fifth research task in the project entitled "Tunable liquid metal complexes as catalysts for the model chemical and electrochemical processes" - NCN project OPUS (grant no. 2020/37/B/ST8/00693).
<p>The fifth research task carried out as part of the project concerns the electrochemical characteristics of the obtained liquid metal complexes and the determination of their electrochemical potential. The information relates to study performing for the NCN project OPUS, grant no. 2020/37/B/ST8/00693.</p>
The third research task in the project entitled "Tunable liquid metal complexes as catalysts for the model chemical and electrochemical processes" - NCN project OPUS (grant no. 2020/37/B/ST8/00693).
<p>The third research task carried out under the project concerns the modification of solid carriers (MWCNTs, silica, inorganic oxide) with liquid metal complexes and the physical and chemical properties characterization of obtained materials. The information relates to study performing for the NCN project OPUS, grant no. 2020/37/B/ST8/00693.</p>
The first research task in the project entitled "Tunable liquid metal complexes as catalysts for the model chemical and electrochemical processes" - NCN project OPUS (grant no. 2020/37/B/ST8/00693).
<p>The first research task carried out under the project concerns synthesis of novel solvate ionic liquids and physical and chemical properties characterization of obtained liquid metal complexes. The information relates to study performing for the NCN project OPUS, grant no. 2020/37/B/ST8/00693.</p>
The fourth research task in the project entitled "Tunable liquid metal complexes as catalysts for the model chemical and electrochemical processes" - NCN project OPUS (grant no. 2020/37/B/ST8/00693).
<p>The fourth research task carried out under the project relates to the catalytic performance and activity of obtained in previous tasks liquid metal complexes in homo- and heterogeneous systems in various selected chemical processes. The information correlates to study performing for the NCN project OPUS, grant no. 2020/37/B/ST8/00693.</p>
DATA: Language experience predicts music processing in a half-million speakers of fifty-four languages
<p>This repository contains the data for the paper 'Language experience predicts music processing in a half-million speakers of fifty-four languages'<br> <br> The code that accompanies this data can be found on GitHub - https://github.com/themusiclab/language-experience-music</p>
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.