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FIGURE 18 in Taxonomy, ecology and zoogeography of the Recent species of Rhamphostomella Lorenz, 1886 and Mixtoscutella n. gen. (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata)
FIGURE 18. Rhamphostomella radiatula (Hincks, 1877). ZIRAS 19/50114 (Medny Island, Commander Islands, Bering Sea). A. Developing zooids with forming ooecia near colony margin. B. Distal view of marginal zooids with developing ooecia (arrows). C. Suboral avicularium. D. Non-ovicellate zooids in relatively young part of colony. E. Ovicellate (to the right) and non-ovicellate zooids with well-developed, bulge-like coarse tubercles of secondary calcification in older part of colony. F. Single ovicellate zooid, showing form of secondary orifice and ooecium in relatively young part of colony. G. Group of ovicellate zooids with ooecia overgrown by secondary calcification in relatively young part of colony. H. Distal view of ovicellate zooids, showing suboral avicularium and median process in older part of colony. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing lyrula, ring scar and areolae. J. Close-up of frontal-shield interior, showing median lyrula. K. Basal surface of colony that was overgrowing another bryozoan colony, Celleporella hyalina. L. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. M. Lateral section of zooids showing two ooecia, suboral avicularium, areolae (upper row) and zooidal lateral walls with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, B, G, H, 250 μm; C, J, L, 50 μm; D, K, 500 μm; E, F, I, 100 μm; M, 200 μm.
FIGURE 14 in Taxonomy, ecology and zoogeography of the Recent species of Rhamphostomella Lorenz, 1886 and Mixtoscutella n. gen. (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata)
FIGURE 14. Rhamphostomella curvirostrata (O'Donoghue & O'Donoghue, 1923). A, F, K. Lectotype, NHMUK 1964.1.2.7 (Pacific coast of North America, presumably Vancouver Island, British Columbia). B, C, G, H, J, L, M. ZIRAS 4/50547 (Iturup Island, Kuril Islands, Sea of Okhotsk). D, E, I. ZIRAS 1/50115 (Medny Island, Commander Islands, Bering Sea). A. Colony margin with zooids developing above sponge spicules; developing ooecia visible near lower margin of image (arrows). B. Distal view of marginal zooids, showing primary orifices with median lyrula and lateral processes. C. Details of suboral avicularium. D. Non-ovicellate zooids close to colony periphery. E. Two zooids with ooecia embedded in secondary calcification, and enlarged, deep marginal areolae separated by strongly elongate interareolar ridges. F. Frontal view of ovicellate zooid. G. Group of ovicellate zooids in older part of colony. H. Lateral view of distal part of ovicellate zooid, showing details of ooecium and suboral avicularium. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing lyrula, ring scar, and areolae. J. Internal view of orifice, showing lyrula, lateral processes and condyles. K. Basal surface of colony growing over sponge (spicules are evident). L. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. M. Lateral view of zooid, showing ooecium, suboral avicularium and zooidal lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, D, G, K, 500 μm; B, H, 250 μm; C, E, F, I, J, 100 μm; L, 50 μm; M, 200 μm.
FIGURE 2. Rhamphostomella commandorica n in Taxonomy, ecology and zoogeography of the Recent species of Rhamphostomella Lorenz, 1886 and Mixtoscutella n. gen. (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata)
FIGURE 2. Rhamphostomella commandorica n. sp. Holotype, ZIRAS 1/50125 (Medny Island, Commander Islands, Pacific Ocean). A. Colony margin with developing zooids. B. Distolateral view of young zooids, showing details of primary orifice and suboral avicularium. C. Non-ovicellate zooids in young part of colony (arrow, communication pore of future ooecium). D. Lateral view of autozooids in young part of colony, showing details of suboral avicularia. E. Ovicellate zooids in older part of colony with suboral and adventitious avicularia. F. Ooecium overgrown by secondary calcification, showing arrangement of pseudopores. G. Group of ovicellate zooids in older part of colony. H. Distolateral view of frontal shield, showing comparative size and shape of suboral and adventitious avicularia. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar, areolae and ooecial communication pore (arrow). J. Internal view of primary orifice. K. Basal colony surface, showing small protuberances. L. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. M. Lateral view of zooidal row, showing ooecia (some covered by secondary calcification) and adventitious avicularia on frontal surface, tubular processes on basal surface, and lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, G, K, 500 μm; B, H, M, 200 μm; C–E, 250 μm; F, I, J, 100 μm; L, 50 μm.
FIGURE 1 in Taxonomy, ecology and zoogeography of the Recent species of Rhamphostomella Lorenz, 1886 and Mixtoscutella n. gen. (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata)
FIGURE 1. Rhamphostomella scabra (Fabricius, 1824). A. ZIRAS 94/50107 (Lesser Kuril Ridge, Pacific Ocean). B, E–G, I, K, M. ZIRAS 93/50106 (Bering Island, Commander Islands, Pacific Ocean). C. ZIRAS 95/50108 (western Kamchatka, Sea of Okhotsk). D. MIMB 2/50395 (Moneron Island, Sea of Japan). H, J, L. USNM 208837 (Beaufort Sea). A. Colony margin with developing zooids. B. Distolateral view of marginal zooids, showing form of orifice and suboral avicularia. C. Nonovicellate zooids in young part of colony (arrows, early stages of ooecial development). D. Group of non-ovicellate zooids from older part of colony with suboral and adventitious avicularia. E. Old autozooids with ovicells and avicularia. F. Close-up of ooecium overgrown by secondary calcification. G. Group of ovicellate zooids in older part of colony. H. Proximolateral view of ovicellate zooid, showing position of suboral and adventitious avicularium. I. Interior of the frontal shield with ring scar, areolae, communication pore of adventitious avicularium and ooecial communication pore (arrow). J. Internal view of primary orifice. K. Basal surface of colony. L. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and umbonuloid exterior wall microstructure. M. Lateral view of autozooid, showing suboral avicularium with communication pores and lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, D, G, K, 500 μm; B, E, H, M, 200 μm; C, 250 μm; F, I, J, 100 μm; L, 50 μm.
FIGURE 17 in Taxonomy, ecology and zoogeography of the Recent species of Rhamphostomella Lorenz, 1886 and Mixtoscutella n. gen. (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata)
FIGURE 17. Rhamphostomella plicata (Smitt, 1868). A, D–G, I–J, L–M. NHMUK 1911.10.1.1590 (Greenland). B–C, H, K. USNM (without inventory number) (Thacher Island, Gulf of Maine, Atlantic Ocean). A. Colony margin with developing zooids and ooecia. B. Oblique view of two zooids from colony margin, showing details of primary orifice with median lyrula and lateral denticles. C. Suboral avicularium. D. Non-ovicellate zooids with finely dimpled frontal shields. E. Ovicellate and non-ovicellate autozooids with and without suboral avicularia. F. Ovicellate zooids. G. Group of ovicellate zooids showing details of peristome and ooecia. H. Distolateral view of ovicellate zooids, showing details of avicularium and bilobed peristome. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing lyrula, areolae and ooecial communication pore (arrow) in apex of ovicell floor. J. Internal view of orifice, showing lyrula and denticles. K. Basal colony surface with tubular protuberances. L. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. M. Lateral view of zooid, showing peristome, areolae, interareolar ridges and zooidal lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, E, G, K, 500 μm; B, D, F, H, 250 μm; C, L, 50 μm; I, J, 100 μm; M, 200 μm.
FIGURE 8 in Taxonomy, ecology and zoogeography of the Recent species of Rhamphostomella Lorenz, 1886 and Mixtoscutella n. gen. (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata)
FIGURE 8. Rhamphostomella pacifica (O'Donoghue, 1925). Neotype, ZIRAS 1/50124 (Kronotsky Gulf, eastern Kamchatka, Pacific Ocean). A. Colony margin with developing zooids. B. Zooids and two vicarious avicularia near colony margin. C. Orifice with suboral avicularium. D. Lateral view of zooids in young part of colony, showing communication slits (sites of the future ooecial development), developing ooecium and position of suboral avicularium. E. Young autozooids, with communication slits (arrows) around which distal zooids will develop ooecia. F. Ovicellate zooids with suboral and adventitious avicularia in older part of colony. G. Ovicellate zooids, showing variation in size and position of adventitious avicularia. H. Oblique view of two ovicellate zooids in older part of colony, with ooecia covered by the secondary calcification. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and areolae. J. Internal view of primary orifice. K. Basal colony surface, showing irregular protuberances. L. Frontal shield interior, showing ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. M. Lateral view of bilaminate part of colony, showing ooecia partially covered by secondary calcification and lateral walls with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, G, K, 500 μm; B, D–F, 250 μm; C, I, J, 100 μm; H, M, 200 μm; L, 50 μm.
FIGURE 3. Rhamphostomella costata Lorenz, 1886. A, D–F, H, J–M. ZIRAS 71 in Taxonomy, ecology and zoogeography of the Recent species of Rhamphostomella Lorenz, 1886 and Mixtoscutella n. gen. (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata)
FIGURE 3. Rhamphostomella costata Lorenz, 1886. A, D–F, H, J–M. ZIRAS 71/50109 (Kodiak Island, Gulf of Alaska, Pacific Ocean). B, C, I. NHMUK 1899.5.1.273 (locality unknown). G. USNM 11148 (Point Barrow, Beaufort Sea). A. Growing margin of bilaminate erect part of colony, with one layer asynchronously encrusting opposite basal surface of another. B. Distal view of orifice of ovicellate zooid, showing lyrula and suboral avicularium. C. Suboral avicularium. D, E. Non-ovicellate zooids in young part of colony (in E, arrows indicate communication pores of future ooecia). F. Ovicellate zooids in young part of colony. G. Ovicellate zooids in older part of colony, showing ooecia overgrown by the secondary calcification and large adventitious avicularia. H. Oblique view of ovicellate zooid, showing ooecium embedded in the secondary calcification and size difference between suboral and adventitious avicularia. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and areolae. J. Internal view of orifice, showing lyrula. K. Basal surface of one lamina of bilaminate colony. L. Close-up of frontal shield interior, showing ring scar, exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component and ooecial communication pore (arrow). M. Zooidal lateral walls in bilaminate colony, showing mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, G, K, 500 μm; B, C, I, J, 100 μm; D–F, 250 μm; H, M, 200 μm; L, 50 μm.
FIGURE 13 in Taxonomy, ecology and zoogeography of the Recent species of Rhamphostomella Lorenz, 1886 and Mixtoscutella n. gen. (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata)
FIGURE 13. Rhamphostomella cellata (O'Donoghue & O'Donoghue, 1923). Lectotype, NHMUK 1964.1.2.9 (Pacific coast of North America, presumably Vancouver Island, British Columbia). A. Colony margin with developing zooids. B. Distolateral view of marginal zooids, showing shape of primary orifice and dimpled surface of frontal shield. C. Zooidal orifice with suboral avicularium. D. Group of non-ovicellate zooids in young part of colony. E. Single non-ovicellate zooid in older part of colony. F. Zooids with damaged ooecia in older part of colony. G. Zooids in older part of colony. H. Distal part of zooid with partially broken ooecium, showing form of secondary orifice and suboral avicularium. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing umbo, areolae and ooecial communication slit (arrow). J. Basal surface of colony, showing hardly recognizable boundaries between zooids. K. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. L. Lateral view of zooid, showing peristome, areolae and zooidal lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, D, J, 500 μm; B, F, G, 250 μm; C, E, H, I, 100 μm; K, 50 μm; L, 200 μm.
FIGURE 16. Rhamphostomella obliqua n in Taxonomy, ecology and zoogeography of the Recent species of Rhamphostomella Lorenz, 1886 and Mixtoscutella n. gen. (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata)
FIGURE 16. Rhamphostomella obliqua n. sp. Holotype, ZIRAS 1/50541 (Simushir Island, Kuril Islands, Pacific Ocean). A. Colony margin, showing young zooids with developing ooecia (arrows). B. Oblique view of young zooids, showing early stages of developing ooecia and avicularian cystids (interareolar ridges on the frontal shields are well evident). C. Zooids with fully developed suboral avicularia and early developmental stages of ooecia. D. Oblique view of zooids with fully-developed avicularia (some also with ooecia in early stage of development). E. Autozooids with developing ooecia in young part of colony (interareolar ridges on frontal shield have not yet developed). F. Ovicellate zooids in older part of colony (interareolar ridges on frontal shield weakly developed). G. Group of ovicellate zooids in older part of colony (interareolar ridges on frontal shield weakly developed). H. Lateral view of distal half of ovicellate zooid. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar, areolae and ooecial communication slit (arrow) (openings surrounding ring scar are not pseudopores, but lower openings of areolae). J. Internal view of orifice, showing straight proximal margin and minute condyles. K. Basal surface of colony. L. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. M. Lateral view of zooid, showing suboral avicularium and zooidal lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, D, G, K, 500 μm; B, C, E, F, H, 250 μm; I, J, 100 μm; L, 50 μm; M, 200 μm.
FIGURE 25 in Taxonomy, ecology and zoogeography of the Recent species of Rhamphostomella Lorenz, 1886 and Mixtoscutella n. gen. (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata)
FIGURE 25. Ancestrulae with periancestrular zooids in colonies of three Rhamphostomella species. A. R. scabra, A.V. Grischenko Collection (western Kamchatka shelf, Sea of Okhotsk). B. R. sibirica, P. Kuklinski Collection (Beringian coastal waters of Amchitka Island, Rat Islands, western Aleutian Islands). C. R. spinigera, Paralectotype, NHMW 92536 (Jan Mayen), initial part of colony. Scale bars: 250 μm.
FIGURE 20 in Taxonomy, ecology and zoogeography of the Recent species of Rhamphostomella Lorenz, 1886 and Mixtoscutella n. gen. (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata)
FIGURE 20. Rhamphostomella tatarica (Androsova, 1958). ZIRAS 7/50548 (western Kamchatka, Sea of Okhotsk). A. Colony margin with young and developing zooids. B. Distal view of marginal zooids, showing developing ooecia, details of orifice and multiporous septula in distal transverse wall. C. Orifice with suboral avicularium. D. Non-ovicellate zooids in young part of colony. E. Zooids with developing ooecia in young part of colony. F, G. Ovicellate zooids in older part of colony. H. Lateral view of distal half of ovicellate zooid. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing umbo, ring scar and areolae. J. Internal view of primary orifice. K. Basal surface of colony. L. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. M. Lateral view of zooid, showing frontal shield and lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, D, G, K, 500 μm; B, E, F, H, 250 μm; C, I, J, 100 μm; L, 50 μm; M, 200 μm.
FIGURE 19 in Taxonomy, ecology and zoogeography of the Recent species of Rhamphostomella Lorenz, 1886 and Mixtoscutella n. gen. (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata)
FIGURE 19. Rhamphostomella sibirica (Kluge, 1929). ZIRAS 34/50113 (Medny Island, Commander Islands, Bering Sea). A. Colony margin with developing zooids and ooecia. B. Zooids near colony margin showing form of primary orifice with lyrula. C. Suboral avicularium and lyrula. D. Group of non-ovicellate zooids in young part of colony. E. Zooids with developing ooecia. F, G. Ovicellate zooids in older parts of colony. H. Ovicellate zooid in older part of colony. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing lyrula, umbo, ring scar, areolae and ooecial communication pore (arrow). J. Basal surface of colony with tubular protuberances. K. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. L. Lateral view of zooid, showing suboral avicularium and zooidal lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, D, G, J, 500 μm; B, E, F, 250 μm; C, K, 50 μm; H, I, 100 μm; L, 200 μm.
FIGURE 29 in Taxonomy, ecology and zoogeography of the Recent species of Rhamphostomella Lorenz, 1886 and Mixtoscutella n. gen. (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata)
FIGURE 29. Known species of Mixtoscutella from the northern Pacific. A–C. M. androsovae (Gontar, 1979). Paratype, ZIRAS 2/43716 (Cape Nerpochka, off Pacific side of Simushir Island, middle Kuril Islands). D–F. M. harmsworthi (Waters, 1900). ZIRAS 52/50568, KIENM Collection (Avacha Gulf, eastern Kamchatka, Pacific Ocean). G–I. M. cancellata (Smitt, 1868). ZIRAS 1/50572, KIENM Collection (western Kamchatka, Sea of Okhotsk). A. Colony margin. B. Group of non-ovicellate zooids. C. Interior of frontal shield, showing small umbonuloid component and lepraliomorph area. D. Zooids with ovicells (one ooecium broken). E. Ovicellate zooids, showing details of orifice and suboral avicularium. F. Interior of frontal shield, showing umbonuloid component and lepraliomorph area. G. Colony margin. H. Ovicellate zooids, showing details of orifice and suboral avicularium. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing umbonuloid component and lepraliomorph area. Scale bars: A, B, D, E, G, H, 250 μm; C, F, I, 100 μm.
FIGURE 22. Rhamphostomella multirostrata n in Taxonomy, ecology and zoogeography of the Recent species of Rhamphostomella Lorenz, 1886 and Mixtoscutella n. gen. (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata)
FIGURE 22. Rhamphostomella multirostrata n. sp. Holotype, ZIRAS 1/50545 (Urup Island, Kuril Islands, Sea of Okhotsk). A. Colony margin with developing zooids and main avicularian cystids (arrows, sites of ooecial development). B. Distal view of marginal zooids, showing details of orifice and suboral avicularia. C. Zooidal orifice with broad lyrula and bases of oral spines. D. Oblique view of several zooids, one showing early developmental stage of ooecium. E. Zooids with developing ooecia. F. Frontal view of ovicellate zooids. G. Lateral view of ovicellate zooids. H. Lateral view of distal half of ovicellate zooid. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing lyrula, umbonuloid component and areolae. J. Internal view of primary orifice. K. Basal surface of colony, showing protuberances. L. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and external-wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. M. Lateral view of zooid, showing frontal shield with areolae and interareolar ridges, avicularium and lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, D–F, G, K, 500 μm; B, H, 250 μm; C, I, J, 100 μm; L, 50 μm; M, 200 μm.
FIGURE 26 in Taxonomy, ecology and zoogeography of the Recent species of Rhamphostomella Lorenz, 1886 and Mixtoscutella n. gen. (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata)
FIGURE 26. Rhamphostomella? peristomata Gontar, 1993. ZIRAS 1/44568 (Paramushir Island, Kuril Islands, Pacific Ocean). A. General view of part of holotype colony. B, C. Frontal view of two autozooids, showing orifices with median lyrula, and small avicularium on internal proximolateral surface of one peristome. D. Lateral view of two zooids, showing enlarged distal area of frontal wall with series of marginal areolar pores (arrows) and small peristomial avicularium. E. Distal half of autozooid, showing circular secondary orifice and lyrula. Scale bars: A, 1 mm; D–E, 200 μm.
FIGURE 24. Rhamphostomella echinata n in Taxonomy, ecology and zoogeography of the Recent species of Rhamphostomella Lorenz, 1886 and Mixtoscutella n. gen. (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata)
FIGURE 24. Rhamphostomella echinata n. sp. Holotype, ZIRAS 1/50126 (Medny Island, Commander Islands, Bering Sea). A. Colony margin with developing and fully formed young zooids. B. Lateral view of orifice, showing branching lyrula, four spinules, suboral avicularium and bases of oral spines; non-bleached colony. C. Orifice of non-ovicellate zooid showing lyrula, lateral denticles and bases of oral spines. D. Group of non-ovicellate zooids, showing dimpled frontal shields and early stages of ooecial formation. E. Non-ovicellate zooids with long oral spines; unbleached colony. F. Close-up of non-ovicellate zooid, unbleached. G. Group of zooids with broken and completed ooecia. H. Single ovicellate zooid, showing details of orifice, spine bases and ooecium. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing lyrula, lateral denticles, umbo, ring scar and areolae. J. Basal surface of colony, showing protuberances. K. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and umbonuloid component with lyrula and lateral denticles. L. Lateral view of zooid, showing frontal shield, oral spines and lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, D, E, G, 250 μm; B, K, 50 μm; C, F, H, I, 100 μm; J, 500 μm; L, 200 μm.
FIGURE 5. Rhamphostomella gigantea Osburn, 1952. A. ZIRAS 3 in Taxonomy, ecology and zoogeography of the Recent species of Rhamphostomella Lorenz, 1886 and Mixtoscutella n. gen. (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata)
FIGURE 5. Rhamphostomella gigantea Osburn, 1952. A. ZIRAS 3/50129 (western Kamchatka, Sea of Okhotsk). B–J, M. MIMB 3/50213 (Moneron Island, Sea of Japan). K, L. ZIRAS 1/50127 (Avacha Gulf, eastern Kamchatka, Pacific Ocean). A. Colony margin with developing zooids (arrows, communication pores of future ooecia). B. Distal view of young part of colony with non-ovicellate zooids, showing details of the primary orifice and suboral avicularia. C. Lateral view of primary orifice with suboral avicularium. D. Non-ovicellate zooids with suboral avicularia in young part of colony. E. Group of non-ovicellate zooids with suboral and adventitious frontal avicularia in young part of colony. F, G. Ovicellate zooids with adventitious avicularia in older part of colony. H. Lateral view of ovicellate zooids in older part of colony. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and areolae. J. Internal view of orifice, showing straight proximal margin and condyles. K. Basal colony surface. L. Frontal shield interior, showing ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. M. Lateral view of autozooids, showing suboral and adventitious avicularia, ooecium free of secondary calcification and lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, D, E, G, K, 500 μm; B, F, H, 250 μm; C, I, J, 100 μm; L, 50 μm; M, 200 μm.
FIGURE 21. Rhamphostomella townsendi Osburn, 1952. A, E, G. Holotype, USNM 11032 in Taxonomy, ecology and zoogeography of the Recent species of Rhamphostomella Lorenz, 1886 and Mixtoscutella n. gen. (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata)
FIGURE 21. Rhamphostomella townsendi Osburn, 1952. A, E, G. Holotype, USNM 11032 (Santa Rosa Island, Pacific Ocean). B, D. Specimen AL–WP–0019–0022, M.H. Dick Collection (Amchitka Island, Aleutian Islands, Bering Sea). C, F, H, I, K. ZIRAS 1/50117, J, L. ZIRAS 2/50118 (Medny Island, Commander Islands, Bering Sea). A. Colony margin with developing zooids and ooecia. B. Orifice of non-ovicellate zooid, showing lyrula, lateral denticles and bases of oral spines. C. Suboral avicularium. D. Non-ovicellate zooids in young part of colony. E. Zooid with developing ovicell. F, H. Ovicellate zooids in older parts of colony. G. Zooids with developing and broken ooecia. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing blurred ring scar around umbonuloid component. J. General view of colony encrusting a sponge. K. Interior of frontal shield, showing blurred undulating ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. L. Zooid with broken frontal shield, showing areolae and lateral zooidal wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, D, G, J, 500 μm; B, H, I, 100 μm; C, K, 50 μm; E, F, 250 μm; L, 200 μm.
FIGURE 33 in Taxonomy, ecology and zoogeography of the Recent species of Rhamphostomella Lorenz, 1886 and Mixtoscutella n. gen. (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata)
FIGURE 33. Type specimens of Rhamphostomella and Mixtoscutella species. A, B. Rhamphostomella sibirica (Kluge, 1929). Lectotype, ZIRAS 1/50730 (Laptev Sea). C, D. Rhamphostomella tatarica (Androsova, 1958). Paratype, ZIRAS 2/3852 (Tatar Strait, Sea of Japan). E, F. Rhamphostomella spinigera Lorenz, 1886. Lectotype, NHMW 92535 (Jan Mayen). G. Mixtoscutella ovata (Smitt, 1868). Lectotype, SMNH-Type-9303 (Red Bay, west Spitsbergen, Svalbard and Jan Mayen). H. Mixtoscutella ussowi (Kluge, 1908). Lectotype, ZIRAS 4/2331 (estuary of Mezen River, White Sea). Scale bars: A–F, H, 250 µm; G, 500 µm.
FIGURE 31 in Taxonomy, ecology and zoogeography of the Recent species of Rhamphostomella Lorenz, 1886 and Mixtoscutella n. gen. (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata)
FIGURE 31. Type specimens of Rhamphostomella species. A, B. Rhamphostomella scabra (Fabricius, 1824). Neotype, SMNH- Type-9304 (Hammerfest, Norway, North Atlantic Ocean). C, D. Desmacystis sandalia (Robertson, 1900) (junior synonym of Rhamphostomella scabra orientalis Kluge, 1961). Holotype, ZIRAS 1/8801 (Cape Vkhodnoy Reef, Bering Island, Pacific Ocean). E, F. Rhamphostomella sollers (Canu & Bassler, 1929) (junior synonym of Rhamphostomella scabra). Syntype, USNM 8136 (Cape Tsiuka, Sangar Strait, Sea of Japan). G. Rhamphostomella costata Lorenz, 1886. Lectotype, NHMW 92531 (Jan Mayen). H, I. Rhamphostomella magnirostris (Canu & Bassler, 1928) (junior synonym of Rhamphostomella costata). Syntype, USNM 7579 (Cedar Keys, western Florida, Gulf of Mexico). J, K. Rhamphostomella cristata (Hincks, 1889). Neotype, NHMUK 1911.10.1.1576A (Gulf of St Lawrence, Atlantic Ocean). Scale bars: A, B, J, K, 500 µm; C–I, 250 µm.
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