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FIGURE 5 in The Chilean Bees Xeromelissa nortina and X. sielfeldi: Their Nesting Biologies and Immature Stages, Including Biological Notes on X. rozeni (Colletidae: Xeromelissinae)

FIGURE 5. Macrophotograph of postdefecating larva of Xeromelissa nortina, lateral view, head to left.

FIGURES 3, 4 in The Chilean Bees Xeromelissa nortina and X. sielfeldi: Their Nesting Biologies and Immature Stages, Including Biological Notes on X. rozeni (Colletidae: Xeromelissinae)

FIGURES 3, 4. SEM micrographs of the cell lining of Xeromelissa nortina. 3. Circular closure end (a) with piece of lining wall, right (b), and second layer of folded closure (c) behind, all showing smooth, nonporous texture of surfaces. 4. Close-up of lining identified in figure 3 showing overlapping surfaces through which air exchange (arrows) may take place.

FIGURES 14–16 in The Chilean Bees Xeromelissa nortina and X. sielfeldi: Their Nesting Biologies and Immature Stages, Including Biological Notes on X. rozeni (Colletidae: Xeromelissinae)

FIGURES 14–16. Microphotographs of right mandible of Xeromelissa nortina. 14. Ventral view, showing strong apical curvature. 15. Entire mandible with base of mandible in maximum profile, approximate inner view. Mandibular apex is thin and strongly scoop shaped (apicad of line a). 16. Curved apex in maximum profile, approximate inner view.

FIGURES 12, 13 in The Chilean Bees Xeromelissa nortina and X. sielfeldi: Their Nesting Biologies and Immature Stages, Including Biological Notes on X. rozeni (Colletidae: Xeromelissinae)

FIGURES 12, 13. Diagrams of head of postdefecating larva of Xeromelissa nortina, front and lateral views, respectively. In frontal view internal head ridges depicted on left side by dashed lines. Abbreviation: ATP, anterior tentorial pit. Arrows indicate tubercles (see text).

FIGURE 24 in The Chilean Bees Xeromelissa nortina and X. sielfeldi: Their Nesting Biologies and Immature Stages, Including Biological Notes on X. rozeni (Colletidae: Xeromelissinae)

FIGURE 24. Close-up of three terminal segments of maxillary palpus of Xeromelissa rozeni. FIGURE 25. Close-up of maxillary palpus of Xeromelissa sielfeldi. FIGURES 26–31. 26. Blossom of Nolana, lateral view, showing deep corolla. 27. Blossom of Nolana containing foraging adult presumably of X. rozeni in corolla. 28. Same, but with male X. rozeni, covered with pollen about to depart. 29. Blossom of Nolana with part of corolla showing recently killed female of X. sielfeldi with head at darkly bruised attachment (arrow) at base of filament. 30. Same, another example (arrow). 31. Male of X. sielfeldi in blossom of Nolana.

FIGURES 21–23 in The Chilean Bees Xeromelissa nortina and X. sielfeldi: Their Nesting Biologies and Immature Stages, Including Biological Notes on X. rozeni (Colletidae: Xeromelissinae)

FIGURES 21–23. Macrophotographs of adult of Xeromelissa rozeni, showing projecting lower part of head with elongate labium, maxilla, and maxillary palpus. 21. Entire body, lateral view, demonstrating extreme length of labiomaxillary region relative to body length. 22. Head and labiomaxillary region, close-up, dorsal view. Note pebble accidentally trapped near base of paired maxillary palpi. 23. Labiomaxillary apex, close-up, dorsal view, with right galea covering glossa.

FIGURES 20–26 in Nesting biology and immature stages of the panurgine bee genera Rhophitulus and Cephalurgus (Apoidea: Andrenidae: Protandrenini)

FIGURES 20–26. Macrophotograph and SEM micrographs of the predefecating larva of Rhophitulus mimus. 20. Macrophotograph of abdominal segment 3 of larva coated with gold/palladium in preparation of SEM examination showing bright reflections of sclerotized parts and satiny sheen of minutely wrinkled membranous areas. 21–26. SEM micrographs of same specimen: 21. Head, frontal view; atp = anterior tentorial pit. 22. Close-up of membrane identified by rectangle in figure 21, demonstrating linear series of fine spicules. 23. Midsection of body of predefecating larva, lateral view identifying abdominal segment 3. 24. Lateral lobe of abdominal segment 3. 25. Close-up of rectangle in figure 24 demonstrating differences in texture of wavy surface texture of lobe and wrinkled integument anterior to it. 26. Close-up of spiculate integument of lateral pronotal lobe.

FIGURES 11–19 in Nesting biology and immature stages of the panurgine bee genera Rhophitulus and Cephalurgus (Apoidea: Andrenidae: Protandrenini)

FIGURES 11–19. SEM micrographs of postdefecating larva of Rhophitulus xenopalpus. 11, 12. Head, frontal and approximate lateral views, respectively; atp = anterior tentorial pit. 13. Entire larva, lateral view. 14. Abdominal segments 3–5 of another larva, lateral view, demonstrating pronounced dorsal sclerites mounting paired dorsal tubercle. 15. Posterior end, showing paired low dorsal swelling on T10, posterior view. 16. Abdominal segment 3, left side, demonstrating apical texture of paired dorsal tubercle and distinction between the integument of transverse sclerotic bands and wrinkled membranous integument separating bands of one segment from those of preceding and following segments. 17. Close up of rectangle of figure 16 demonstrating texture of wrinkled membranous area and firmer smooth area. 18. Close up of lateral lobe and surrounding area of abdominal lobe of abdominal segment 3. 19. Spiracle of abdominal segment 8, demonstrating lack of raised atrial rim.

FIGURES 1– 5 in Nesting biology and immature stages of the panurgine bee genera Rhophitulus and Cephalurgus (Apoidea: Andrenidae: Protandrenini)

FIGURES 1– 5. Microphotographs of nest components of Rhophitulus aff. xenopalpus. 1. Cell, viewed from below, showing symmetry of shape, soil-filled lateral, thickness of cell closure, and fecal material appressed to rear of top surface. 2. Cell wall with water droplet testing absorption rate of hydrofuge surface. 3, 4. Inner surfaces of cell closures showing spiral patterns. 5. Posterior end of cell, frontal view, showing discrete fecal pellets attached to rear ceiling. FIGURE 6. Microphotograph of nest cell of Rhophitulus mimus demonstrating cell shape and faint sheen of lining.

FIGURES 37–44 in Nesting biology and immature stages of the panurgine bee genera Rhophitulus and Cephalurgus (Apoidea: Andrenidae: Protandrenini)

FIGURES 37–44. Microphotographs of cleared right mandibles of Rhophitulus. 37–40. Rhophitulus xenopalpus, dorsal, inner, inner with apex in maximum profile, and ventral views, respectively. 41, 42. Rhophitulus mimus, inner and ventral views, respectively. 43, 44. Cephalurgus anomalus, inner view and close-up of apex, respectively.

FIGURES 31–36 in Nesting biology and immature stages of the panurgine bee genera Rhophitulus and Cephalurgus (Apoidea: Andrenidae: Protandrenini)

FIGURES 31–36. SEM micrographs with central row in figures 31, 33, and 35, each representing abdominal segment 3, dorsal views. 31. Rhophitulus xenopalpus show transverse sclerotic band with paired dorsal tubercles. 32. Same, close-up of integument on left side showing wrinkled texture of membrane and smooth texture of sclerite. 33. Rhophitulus mimus, mostly left side, showing midline interruption of transverse tubercle and small rounded tubercle mesad of each paired tubercle. 34. Same, close-up of tubercles on left side. 35. Cephalurgus anomalus, showing basal sclerotic ring to each paired tubercle. 36. Close-up of left tubercle and ring.

FIGURES 27–30 in Nesting biology and immature stages of the panurgine bee genera Rhophitulus and Cephalurgus (Apoidea: Andrenidae: Protandrenini)

FIGURES 27–30. SEM micrographs of the predefecating larva of Cephalurgus anomalus. 27. Head, lateral view. 28. Entire larva, lateral view. 29. Close-up of posterior end of abdomen. 30. Close-up of spiracle of abdominal segment 8, identified by rectangle in figure 29.

FIGURES 15–20. 15, 16 in Early nesting biology of the wood-nesting adventive bee, Lithurgus chrysurus Fonscolombe (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Lithurginae)

FIGURES 15–20. 15, 16. SEM micrographs of pollen of Centaurea sp. from larval provisions of Lithurgus chrysurus and of Opuntia sp. from larval provisions of Lithurgopsis apicalis, to same scale, respectively. 17. SEM micrograph of egg of L. chrysurus, showing micropyle. 18–20. Dorsal views of integument of abdominal segment 3 of various instars of Lithurgus chrysurus showing surface textures. 18. Third instar. 19. Entire anterior part of body of fourth instar showing projecting caudal annulets ringing thoracic and anterior abdominal segments. 20. Close-up of abdominal segment 3, identified by rectangle in figure 19.

FIGURE 7 in Early nesting biology of the wood-nesting adventive bee, Lithurgus chrysurus Fonscolombe (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Lithurginae)

FIGURE 7. Schematic diagram of a cell containing single individual of Lithurgus chrysurus showing arrangement of provisions and position of egg, cell front to left.

FIGURES 12–14 in Early nesting biology of the wood-nesting adventive bee, Lithurgus chrysurus Fonscolombe (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Lithurginae)

FIGURES 12–14. Microphotographs of cast exoskeletons from the same fourth instar of Lithurgus chrysurus in figures 10, 11. 12. Third instar exoskeleton with chorion, and first and second instar exoskeletons removed showing position (arrows) of cluster of 10 spiracles on each side. 13. Close-up of spiracles on right side figure12. 14. Close-up of spiracles on the right of the first instar with exoskeletons of second and third instars removed.

FIGURES 8–11 in Early nesting biology of the wood-nesting adventive bee, Lithurgus chrysurus Fonscolombe (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Lithurginae)

FIGURES 8–11. Microphotographs of immatures of Lithurgus chrysurus. 8. Egg attached to scrap of disc. 9. Second instar attached to scrap of disc. 10. Fourth instar, with disc removed, showing accumulation of chorion and exoskeletons of previous instars at rear. 11. Close-up of rear.

FIGURES 21– 26 in Early nesting biology of the wood-nesting adventive bee, Lithurgus chrysurus Fonscolombe (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Lithurginae)

FIGURES 21– 26. Dorsal view of integument of postdefecating fifth instar of Lithurgus chrysurus, showing integument and vestiture. 21. Thorax of same. 22. Metathorax and first two abdominal segments, showing contrast in integument between thoracic segments and abdominal segments of same. 23. Close-up of integument of mesothorax, left side, as identified by rectangle in figure 21. 24. Left side of abdominal segment 3 of same. 25. Close-up of same, left rectangle of figure 24. 26. Same, right rectangle of figure 24.

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Figures 1–13 in Two new species of Ortalotrypeta Hendel (Diptera: Tephritidae: Ortalotrypetini) from China, with biological observation of the genus

Figures 1–13. Ortalotrypeta costamacula Chen & Wang, sp. nov. 1. Habitus, dorsal view; 2. Habitus, lateral view; 3. Head, dorsal view; 4. Head, lateral view; 5. Scutum, dorsal view; 6. Abdomen, dorsal view; 7. Wing. 8. Epandrium and surstyli, lateral; 9. Epandrium and surstyli, posterior; 10. Aedeagus; 11. Aculeus and eversible membrane, ventral view; 12. Aculeus and eversible membrane, lateral view; 13. Spermathecae.

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Figures 14–26 in Two new species of Ortalotrypeta Hendel (Diptera: Tephritidae: Ortalotrypetini) from China, with biological observation of the genus

Figures 14–26. Ortalotrypeta straighta Chen & Wang, sp. nov. 14. Habitus, dorsal view; 15. Habitus, lateral views; 16. Head, dorsal view; 17. Head, lateral view; 18. Scutum, dorsal view; 19. Abdomen, dorsal view; 20. Wing; 21. Epandrium and surstyli, lateral; 22. Epandrium and surstyli, posterior; 23. Aedeagus; 24. Spermathecae; 25. Aculeus and eversible membrane, ventral view; 26. Aculeus and eversible membrane, lateral view.