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23,351 results for “Comparative”
A comparative analysis testing Werner's theory of complex life cycles
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Comparative analysis of gut microbiome of mangrove brachyuran crabs revealed patterns of phylosymbiosis and codiversification
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Comparative seagulls of gut microbiota by using metagenomics and 16S rDNA sequencing
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Supplementary material: How should functional relationships be evaluated using phylogenetic comparative methods? A case study using metabolic rate and body temperature
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Comparative genomics sheds new light on the convergent evolution of infrared vision in snakes
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Phylogenomics and comparative genomics of two of the largest genera of angiosperms, Piper and Peperomia (Piperaceae)
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Connectivity from a different perspective: comparing seed dispersal kernels in connected vs. unfragmented landscapes.
Habitat fragmentation can create significant impediments to dispersal. A technique to increase dispersal between otherwise isolated fragments is the use of corridors. Although previous studies have compared dispersal between connected fragments to dispersal between unconnected fragments, it remains unknown how dispersal between fragments connected by a corridor compares to dispersal in unfragmented landscapes. To assess the extent to which corridors can restore dispersal in fragmented landscapes to levels observed in unfragmented landscapes, we employed a stable-isotope marking technique to track seeds within four unfragmented landscapes and eight experimental landscapes with fragments connected by corridors. We studied two wind- and two bird-dispersed plant species, because previous community-based research showed that dispersal mode explains how connectivity effects vary among species. We constructed dispersal kernels for these species in unfragmented landscapes and connected fragments by marking seeds in the center of each landscape with 15N and then recovering marked seeds in seed traps at distances up to 200 m. For the two wind-dispersed plants, seed dispersal kernels were similar in unfragmented landscapes and connected fragments. In contrast, dispersal kernels of bird-dispersed seeds were both affected by fragmentation and differed in the direction of the impact: Morella cerifera experienced more and Rhus copallina experienced less long-distance dispersal in unfragmented than in connected landscapes. These results show that corridors can facilitate dispersal probabilities comparable to those observed in unfragmented landscapes. Although dispersal mode may provide useful broad predictions, we acknowledge that similar species may respond uniquely due to factors such as seasonality and disperser behavior. Our results further indicate that prior work has likely underestimated dispersal distances of wind-dispersed plants and that factors altering long-distance dis
Estimated wetland vegetation cover comparing reference and muskrat disturbed areas
Biota that act as ecosystem engineers are increasingly recognized as effective components of habitat restoration as they can continuously alter and shape their environments without human intervention. Muskrats are considered ecosystem engineers and are relatively common in North American wetlands. While muskrat impacts to large areas have been documented, few studies have quantified the impact of muskrats on ecosystem biodiversity. We conducted a field study in wetlands along the Upper St. Lawrence River (New York, USA) to investigate the effects of muskrat herbivory and structure building on plant biodiversity in cattail-invaded wetlands. The data collected are separated into two main groups, i.e. “reference” vegetation surveys and “muskrat” vegetation surveys. “Reference” surveys were conducted for the partial grant fulfillment funded by the New York Department of Environmental Conservation [contract AM10165] and the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation special project administered by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Partners for Fish and Wildlife Program, New York Field Office, Cortland, NY [grant number #2005-0129-055/58859]. “Muskrat” surveys were conducted for the Masters project by Z.X. Kua. The five datasets include 1) Reference quadrat plant taxa estimated cover (n = 1912), 2) Reference quadrat cattail measurements (n = 737), 3) Muskrat-disturbed quadrat plant taxa estimated cover (n = 1886), 4) Muskrat-disturbed quadrat cattail measurements (n = 582), and 5) Wetland plant taxa lookup table for vegetation survey (n = 135).
Relationship of Community Characteristics to Harvest Reporting: Comparative study of household surveys and harvest tickets in Alaska
Accurate harvest reporting is critical for wildlife management. Rural Alaskan communities reported a median of 42% of moose harvested via traditional harvest tickets compared to those reported in household surveys. This harvest-report ratio did not change over time. Twice as many moose were reported harvested during subsistence household surveys (n = 8,039) than on hunter harvest tickets (n = 3,557). Percentage of the community that was indigenous, used and shared moose, and absence of a wildlife biologist or road access were associated with low harvest-report ratios. Analysis revealed that household surveys provide important information about moose harvest rates and their use should be expanded. Reporting rates might be improved by building trust through respectful dialogue between hunters and managers and by placing more emphasis on the benefits of reporting harvests and less emphasis on enforcement.
LCI data for materials and processes comparing energy and water use of aqueous and gas-based metalworking fluids
<p>Datasets containing life cycle inventories for materials and processes, and results of the analysis in the article titled, "Comparing energy and water use of aqueous and gas-based metalworking fluids" published in the <em>Journal of Industrial Ecology.</em></p>
Dataset: The TCR repertoire reconstitution in multiple sclerosis: comparing one-shot and continuous immunosuppressive therapies
<p>This dataset, containing TCRbeta-chain data, is the basis for the following publication in Frontiers in Immunology: The TCR repertoire reconstitution in multiple sclerosis: comparing one-shot and continuous immunosuppressive therapies. The file key can be found in the file: file_key.xlsx. Relevant methodological details maybe found in the corresponding publication.</p>
Dataset to ACM MMSys'20 paper entitled "Comparing Fixed and Variable Segment Durations for Adaptive Video Streaming – A Holistic Analysis"
<p>Dataset for the ACM MMSys'20 paper entitled "Comparing Fixed and Variable Segment Durations for Adaptive<br> Video Streaming – A Holistic Analysis".<br> The dataset includes</p> <ul> <li>Results from video encoding (using variable and fixed segment durations)</li> <li>Video sequences used for streaming evaluations</li> </ul>
Comparing the numerical results in [Vater S., N. Beisiegel, and J. Behrens, 2019] to results produced by the FLASH implementation in Samoa2
<p>This document contains plots for the results produced by the FLASH implementation in Samoa<sup>2</sup> (<a href="https://gitlab.lrz.de/samoa/samoa">https://gitlab.lrz.de/samoa/samoa</a>), using the scenarios defined in <em>[Vater S., N. Beisiegel, and J. Behrens, 2019]</em>.</p> <p>Initialization data for the okushiri scenario is also provided.</p>
Appendix A in Can Aurelia (Cnidaria, Scyphozoa) species be differentiated by comparing their scyphistomae and ephyrae?
Appendix A. Morphological measurements of scyphistomae (mean ± sd) in mm.
Appendix B in Can Aurelia (Cnidaria, Scyphozoa) species be differentiated by comparing their scyphistomae and ephyrae?
Appendix B. Morphological measurements of ephyrae (mean ± sd) in mm.
Data from: A comparative test for divergent adaptation: inferring speciation drivers from functional trait divergence
<p>Ecological differentiation between lineages is widely considered to be an important driver of speciation. However, support for this hypothesis is largely derived from the detailed study of a select set of model species pairs. Mounting evidence from non-model taxa, meanwhile, suggests that speciation often occurs with minimal differentiation in ecomorphology, calling into question the true contribution of divergent selection to species richness in nature. To better understand divergent adaptation and its role in speciation generally, researchers require a comparative approach that can distinguish its signature from alternative processes such as drift and parallel selection in datasets containing many species pairs. Here we introduce the first statistical models of divergent adaptation in the continuous traits of paired lineages. In these models, ecomorphological characters diverge as two lineages adapt toward alternative phenotypic optima following their departure from a common ancestor. The absolute distance between optima measures the extent of divergent selection and provides a basis for interpretation. We encode the models in the new R-package <i>diverge</i> and extend them to allow the distance between optima to vary across continuous and categorical variables. We test model performance using simulation and demonstrate model application using published datasets of trait divergence in birds and mammals. Our framework provides the first explicit test for the signature of divergent selection in trait divergence datasets, and it will enable empiricists from a wide range of fields to more fully investigate the dynamics of divergent adaptation as well as its prevalence in nature beyond just our best-studied model systems.</p>
Figure 1 from "Comparative analysis of squamate brains unveils multi-level variation in cerebellar architecture associated with locomotor specialization"
<p> </p> <p>Published as part of <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-13405-w"><strong>Macrì, S <em>et al</em>., 2019, Nature Communications: 10(1):5560</strong></a></p> <p><strong>"Comparative analysis of squamate brains unveils multi-level variation in cerebellar architecture associated with locomotor specialization"</strong> DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-13405-w</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Fig. 1</strong> <strong>Phylogeny and cerebellar diversity of squamates.</strong> <strong>a</strong> Phylogenetic tree of all snake and lizard species used in morphological and volumetric analyses, adapted from the most inclusive phylogenetic study available for extant squamates. The seven major locomotor modes for snakes (coloured squares) and/or lizards (coloured circles), as defined based on anatomical features, habitat use, and movement type, are indicated by the same colour code throughout the entire manuscript (see bottom left corner): limbless or limb-reduced burrower (red squares and circles); limbless or limb-reduced facultative burrower (purple squares and circles); limbless or limb-reduced multi-habitat using lateral undulation (orange squares and circles); limbless or limb-reduced multi-habitat using other movements (yellow squares); quadrupedal arboreal (dark blue circles); quadrupedal terrestrial (light blue circles); quadrupedal facultative bipedal/aerial (green circles). <strong>b</strong>–<strong>o</strong> 3D-volume rendering and high-resolution whole-brain segmentation of iodine-stained adult heads (<strong>b</strong>–<strong>h</strong>) highlighting the cerebellum structure (<strong>b</strong>–<strong>o</strong>, red colour) of selected representative squamates at indicated position in the phylogenetic tree: <em>Pantherophis guttatus</em> (<strong>b</strong>, <strong>i</strong>), <em>Epicrates cenchria</em> (<strong>c</strong>, <strong>j</strong>), <em>Pogona vitticeps</em> (<strong>d</strong>, <strong>k</strong>), <em>Draco volans</em> (<strong>e</strong>,<strong> l</strong>), <em>Bradypodion pumilum</em> (<strong>f</strong>, <strong>m</strong>), <em>Anguis fragilis</em> (<strong>g</strong>, <strong>n</strong>), <em>Melanoseps loveridgei</em> (<strong>h</strong>, <strong>o</strong>). High magnifications of 3D-rendered cerebella (<strong>i</strong>–<strong>o</strong>) are shown in pial surface (left panels) and lateral (right panels) views for each selected species. Scale bars: 1mm (<strong>b</strong>–<strong>h</strong>), 500 μm (<strong>i</strong>–<strong>o</strong>).</p>
Figure 8 from "Comparative analysis of squamate brains unveils multi-level variation in cerebellar architecture associated with locomotor specialization"
<p> </p> <p>Published as part of <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-13405-w"><strong>Macrì, S <em>et al</em>., 2019, Nature Communications: 10(1):5560</strong></a></p> <p><strong>"Comparative analysis of squamate brains unveils multi-level variation in cerebellar architecture associated with locomotor specialization"</strong> DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-13405-w</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Fig. 8 Comparative transcriptomics of the squamate cerebellum.</strong> <strong>a</strong> Two-way hierarchical clustering heat map showing three clusters of genes (rows) that behave similarly (clusters 1 and 2) or differently (cluster 3) across ten selected squamate species (columns). Z-score colour intensities reflect scaled gene expression values, ranging from low (blue) to high (yellow), for 630 one-to-one orthologous genes identified in all species. <strong>b</strong> Pie charts showing the distribution of orthologous genes (in %) among all significantly enriched gene ontology terms for biological processes (hypergeometric test with a false discovery rate multiple-hypothesis correction, p-value < 0.01) in clusters identified in <strong>a</strong>. c Hierarchical clustering of pairwise Pearson’s correlation coefficients for 630 orthologous genes identified across all squamate species. Colour intensities of individual tiles in the heat map depict pairwise correlation coefficient values, ranging from low (blue) to high (yellow), between selected species with indicated locomotor mode (see colour code and symbols on the right). Numbers at nodes in the cluster dendrogram represent approximately unbiased p-values (in percentage) obtained by multiscale bootstrap resampling.</p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Figure 7 from "Comparative analysis of squamate brains unveils multi-level variation in cerebellar architecture associated with locomotor specialization"
<p> </p> <p>Published as part of <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-13405-w"><strong>Macrì, S <em>et al</em>., 2019, Nature Communications: 10(1):5560</strong></a></p> <p><strong>"Comparative analysis of squamate brains unveils multi-level variation in cerebellar architecture associated with locomotor specialization"</strong> DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-13405-w</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Fig. 7</strong> <strong>Variability in the arrangement of Purkinje cells (PCs) in the squamate cerebellum.</strong> <strong>a</strong>, <strong>b</strong> Representative light-sheet microscopy imaging of cleared whole-cerebella showing the 3D distribution and arrangement of calbindin 1 (CALB1)-immunolabelled PCs in two representative species with different locomotor modes (see colour code and symbols in top left corner): <em>Pogona vitticeps </em>(<strong>a</strong>) and <em>Boaedon fuliginosus</em> (<strong>b</strong>). The boxed areas in the coronal 3Drendered cerebellar views (top panels) are shown at higher magnifications in coronal (left) and sagittal (right) views in the lower panels. <strong>c</strong>, Violin plot showing the quantitative distribution of CALB1-immunolabelled PCs in the cerebellar cortex of selected squamate species with similar or different locomotor modes (colour code and symbols as above). Due to intra- and interspecies heterogeneity in molecular layer (ML) thickness, the position of individual cells (n = 250–750 per species) was calculated as the distance (in %) from the granule cell layer (GCL) to the outer border (pial surface) of the ML, and error bars represent the standard deviation. Four major positioning patterns containing three or four squamate species and reflecting the increased scattering of PCs (from I to IV) were identified based on Kruskal-Wallis statistics. Immunohistochemistry with CALB1 marker (red staining) on sagittal sections of the cerebellar cortex in selected representative species are shown at low and high magnifications (insets) for each pattern: <em>Pogona vitticeps</em> (I), <em>Eryx colubrinus</em> (II), <em>Pseudopus apodus</em> (III), <em>Dasypeltis gansi</em> (IV). Scale bars: 30 μm (<strong>a</strong>, <strong>b</strong>), 100 μm (<strong>c</strong>).</p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Figure 6 from "Comparative analysis of squamate brains unveils multi-level variation in cerebellar architecture associated with locomotor specialization"
<p> </p> <p>Published as part of <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-13405-w"><strong>Macrì, S <em>et al</em>., 2019, Nature Communications: 10(1):5560</strong></a></p> <p><strong>"Comparative analysis of squamate brains unveils multi-level variation in cerebellar architecture associated with locomotor specialization"</strong> DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-13405-w</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Fig. 6 Cerebellar size variation in squamates with different locomotor behaviours.</strong> <strong>a</strong> Scatter plot showing the correlation of cerebellum relative to wholebrain volume (in mm3) for selected representative squamate species (see colour code and symbols in bottom right corner). The coloured lines and shadings represent the phylogenetic generalized least squares (PGLS) regression lines and 95% confidence intervals for each locomotor mode, respectively. <strong>b</strong> Ridgeline plot showing the distribution of the cerebellum-to-whole-brain volume ratios (in percentage) for each indicated limbless or limbreduced (top panels) or quadrupedal (bottom) locomotor mode. Colour gradient, ranging from yellow to blue, reflects the tail distribution probability.</p>
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.