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6,175 results for “Composite”
Compositional Characterization of Glassy Volcanic Material From VNIR and MIR Spectra Using Partial Least Squares Regression Models
<p>This is supporting data for the paper titled "Compositional Characterization of Glassy Volcanic Material From VNIR and MIR Spectra Using Partial Least Squares Regression Models" by Leight et al. (submitted to JGR-P 11/23). Table S1 lists each spectrum used to train PLS models, its source, and which training datasets the spectrum was included in. Zip files contain the MIR and VNIR PLS model files. Model files are .asc, and can be run using the code at Ytsma, (2022), https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7347345. </p>
Tensile test results for 3D printed unidirectional composites reinforced with continuous fibres
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Plant species composition and key-species abundance drive ecosystem multifunctionality
<p><span>Global biodiversity loss has aroused great concern about the role of plant communities in driving ecosystem functions. However, there is limited understanding of how soil property, plant richness, and composition interact to affect ecosystem multifunctionality.</span></p> <p><span>We conducted a constructed-ecosystem experiment by simultaneously manipulating soil origin (i.e., fertile farmland soil and infertile bare land soil), plant richness (from one to four species) and composition (five single species, and all possible two-, three-, and four- species combinations of the five species) to evaluate their importance for driving multiple ecosystem functions related to accumulation of biomass, carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) in plants, greenhouse gas emissions, soil nutrients, soil N fixation, and mineralization of N and phosphorus (P).</span></p>
3D Printed Living Bacterial Cellulose and Biopolymer Composite Material Samples
<p>The images in this dataset were captured during an experiment initiated on 13 March 2023 at CITA, at the Royal Danish Academy, School of Architecture. The experiment was performed on 3d printed samples made from a material combining living cellulose-producing bacteria with a biopolymer composite. The biopolymer composite combines a xantham gum binder, glycerol and calcium chloride with cellulose fillers sourced from side and waste streams materials. During the experiment, the dormant bacterial cellulose was reawakened through the spraying of tea nutrient at timed intervals of 30 minutes for 2 seconds, for a period of 42 days.</p><p> </p>
Bioenergy cropping systems shape ant community composition and functional roles
<p>R code and partial data for Haan, Helms, & Landis 2023, Bioenergy cropping systems shape ant community composition and functional roles, to be published in Frontiers in Conservation Science. The ant species list we use to generate the species matrix was uploaded previously (10.5281/zenodo.8215581) in association with another manuscript (Haan et al. 2023, Science Advances, Contrasting effects of bioenergy crops on biodiversity). Therefore here we include a small table with trait information for each species along with the R code used specifically for this manuscript.</p>
Raw data and Matlab code for: Convergence in carnivorous pitcher plants reveals a mechanism for composite trait evolution
<p>Composite traits involve multiple components that, only when combined, gain a new synergistic function. Thus, how they evolve remains a puzzle. We combined field experiments, microscopy, chemical analyses and laser Doppler vibrometry with comparative phylogenetic analyses to show that two carnivorous <em>Nepenthes</em> pitcher plant species convergently evolved identical adaptations in three distinct traits to acquire a new, composite trapping mechanism. Comparative analyses suggest that this new trait arose convergently via 'spontaneous coincidence' of the required trait combination, rather than directional selection in the component traits. Our results indicate a plausible mechanism for composite trait evolution and highlight the importance of stochastic phenotypic variation as a facilitator of evolutionary novelty.</p>
Dataset of: Deconvolving feeding niches and strategies of abyssal holothurians from their stable isotope, amino acid, and fatty acid composition
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Diversity, species coexistence, and functional composition patterns in subtropical Atlantic Forests invaded by non-native trees
<ol> <li>Biological invasions are a major environmental challenge today. Interactions between invasive and native species can significantly shape community structures, influencing co-existence, diversity, and functional composition of species. The subtropical Atlantic forest in southern Brazil, a recognized biodiversity hotspot, provides a unique setting to study these interactions, given its vulnerability to alien tree invasions. </li> <li>Our study sought to elucidate the impacts of such invasions on this fragile ecosystem by addressing key questions: 1) How are tree community diversity patterns affected by the abundance of invading alien tree species? 2) What are the patterns of coexistence between native and alien invasive trees? 3) Is the functional composition of the forests altered by the abundance of invasive trees?</li> <li>To address these questions, we compiled data on the abundance and functional traits of native and invasive trees. We determined the diversity patterns and functional composition of plots with different degrees of invasion. These data were analyzed using Generalized Linear Mixed Models, Principal Component Analysis, and a coexistence index.</li> <li>In plots with a higher abundance of invasive trees, there was a significant decrease in the taxonomic and functional richness of native species. Furthermore, we observed that invasive alien trees coexisted with native species, and as the abundance of invasive trees increased, the native community weighted mean (CWM) of the leaf area and specific leaf area decreased.</li> <li>In conclusion, within the subtropical Atlantic forest areas of southern Brazil, our findings highlight that the abundance of invasive trees adversely affects the taxonomic and functional richness of native species. Furthermore, while invasive alien trees were found to coexist with native species, increased invasive abundance corresponded to a reduction in the leaf area and the specific leaf area of the native community.</li> </ol>
Data presented in figures of "Measurement Report: Insights into the chemical composition and origin of molecular clusters and potential precursor molecules present in the free troposphere over the Southern Indian Ocean: observations from the Maïdo observatory (2150 m a.s.l., Reunion Island)"
<p>This dataset includes the data shown in the figures of "Measurement Report: Insights into the chemical composition and origin of molecular clusters present in the free troposphere over the Southern Indian Ocean: observations from the Maïdo observatory (2150 m a.s.l., Reunion Island)". Read me files containing information on the reported data can be found in the different folders. </p>
Enhanced performance of Pr_4Ni_3O_10+_\delta - Ce_0.75Gd_0.1Pr_0.15O_2-\delta composite electrode via particle size grading
<p>The zipped file consists of original data of impedance for electrodes measured at 625 degrees and pO2 of 0.21 atm, and the corresponding DRT result, as well as peak fitting results based on DRT results. A txt file of specification is prepared for illustration.</p>
Data from: Uniqueness of tree stand composition and soil microbial communities are related across urban spruce-dominated forests
<p>The dataset contains data obtained from urban spruce-dominated forests in southern Finland where we have measured tree stand composition, forest management history, soil chemical properties, and soil microbial communities. Data files include (1) microbial OTU tables describing microbial community composition (sequence read counts of Operational Taxonomic Units) across the study plots, (2) taxonomic assignments and other metadata related to OTUs, and (3) measured and calculated variables describing the characteristics of sites and their microbial assemblages (site metadata).</p>
The response of silicon carbide composites to He ion implantation and ramifications for use as a fusion reactor structural material
<p>Raw datasets for the publication "The response of silicon carbide composites to He ion implantation and ramifications for use as a fusion reactor structural material".</p>
Group phenotypic composition drives task performances in ants
<p>Differences in individual behaviour within a group can give rise to functional dissimilarities between groups, particularly in social animals. However, how individual behavioural phenotypes translate into the group phenotype remains unclear. Here we investigate whether individual behavioural type affects group performance in an eusocial species, the ant Aphaenogaster senilis. We measured individual behavioural traits and created groups of workers with similar behavioural type, either high-exploratory or low-exploratory. We tested these groups in four different, ecologically relevant tasks: reaction to an intruder, prey retrieval from a maze, nest relocation and tool use. We show that, compared to groups of low-exploratory workers, groups of high-exploratory workers were more aggressive towards intruders, more efficient in collecting prey, faster in nest relocation and more likely to perform tool use. Our results demonstrate a strong link between individual and collective behaviour in ants. This supports the 'behavioural type hypothesis' for group dynamics, which suggests that an individual's behaviour in a social environment reflects its own behavioural type. The average behavioural phenotype of a group can therefore be predicted from the behavioural types of individual group members.</p>
A synchrotron X-ray scattering study of the crystallization behavior of mixtures of confectionary triacylglycerides: effect of chemical composition and shear on polymorphism and kinetics
<p>Processed and raw data associated at the publication: <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0963996923014126" target="_blank" rel="noopener">A synchrotron X-ray scattering study of the crystallization behavior of mixtures of confectionary triacylglycerides: effect of chemical composition and shear on polymorphism and kinetics - ScienceDirect</a></p>
Data from: Microbial composition play the leading role in volatile fatty acid production in the fermentation of different scale of corn stover with rumen fluid
<p>Rumen fluid is a natural and green biocatalyst that can efficiently degrade biomass into volatile fatty acid (VFA) used to produce value-added materials. But the essence of high degradation efficiency in the rumen has not been fully analyzed. This study investigated the contribution of substrate structure and microbial composition to volatile fatty acid production in the fermentation of corn stover. The ball milled corn stover were innovatively applied to ferment with the rumen fluid collected at different digestion times. Exogeneous cellulase was also added to the ruminal fermentation to further reveal the inner mechanism. With prolonged digestion time, the microbial community relative abundance levels of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes increased from 29.98% to 72.74% and decreased from 51.76% to 22.11%, respectively. The highest VFA production of the corn stover was achieved via treatment with the rumen fluid collected at 24 h which was up to 9508 mg/L. The ball milled corn stover achieved high VFA production because of the more accessible substrate structure. The application of exogenous cellulase has no significant influence to the ruminal fermentation. The microbial community abundance contributed more to the VFA production compared with the substrate structures.</p>
Neanderthal Composite - A-Pose
Neanderthals were ancient humans who lived in Eurasia. Many specifically Neanderthal traits could be explained by adaptation to cold environments. XR viewing capable. Model made by Keith Chan using Blender. The model includes teeth and a Mousterian point hafted on a spear. The whole dimensions are 1.19m x 0.324m x 1.65m. See this model and more in life size at [AnVRopomotron.com](http://www.anvropomotron.com). Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Composite dolmen Spunetam-2 (full complex)
The dolmen is located on Mezetsu range (Spunetam group of monuments), Tuapse region, Caucasus, Russia, Middle Bronze Age (4000-2000 BC), Dolmen Culture of Caucasus. The stone tomb is placed on the stone cairn with remains of retaining wall. Sepulcher chamber is built with almost wild stone blocks. That is one of the most rare constructions for this culture. Facade wall is absent now. Дольмен расположен на хребете Мезецу, Туапсинский район. Относится к типу составных сооружений. Особенности: дольмен выполнен преимущественно из необработанных блоков, что является редкостью, курган, вероятно, был укреплен крепидой, фасад сейчас отсутсвует. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Composite dolmen Spunetam-2 (detailed)
The dolmen is located on Mezetsu range (Spunetam group of monuments), Tuapse region, Caucasus, Russia, Middle Bronze Age (4000-2000 BC), Dolmen Culture of Caucasus. The stone tomb is placed on the stone cairn with remains of retaining wall. Sepulcher chamber is built with almost wild stone blocks. That is one of the most rare constructions for this culture. Facade wall is absent now. Дольмен расположен на хребете Мезецу, Туапсинский район. Относится к типу составных сооружений. Особенности: дольмен выполнен преимущественно из необработанных блоков, что является редкостью, курган, вероятно, был укреплен крепидой, фасад сейчас отсутсвует. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Pattern and driver of the compositional variations in a tropical cloud forest: Comparing vascular epiphytes with terrestrial woody plants
<p>β-diversity patterns (the compositional variations across sites) and their drivers are the major concerns of biodiversity research and conservation practices, whereas such information remains scarce for vascular epiphytes, especially in tropical forest communities. This study aimed to reveal the pattern and driving process of the compositional variations of vascular epiphytes in a tropical cloud forest on Hainan island, southern China, and their differences from those of terrestrial woody plants. To this end, we quantified their between-habitat compositional variations and distinguished the underlying components of β-diversity (nestedness and turnover). We then examined the relative roles of niche-based and neutral processes in driving the compositional variations by using a null model approach. Our results showed that the between-habitat compositional variations were significant for both plant assemblages and stronger in vascular epiphytes than in terrestrial woody plants. The turnover component of β-diversity was significantly stronger in terrestrial woody plants, accounting for 73.16%–80.08% of the variations. By contrast, the nestedness component was significantly stronger in vascular epiphytes and characterized 46.82%–67.5% of the variations. Besides, the compositional variations of both plant assemblages, especially terrestrial woody plants, were generally poorly fitted by the simulated niche-based scenarios but well fitted by the simulated neutral scenarios. Overall, the compositional variations of both plant assemblages were significant and mainly due to dispersal limitation, albeit to varying degrees. Hence, further studies of these plant assemblages at local scales should not be ideologically limited to the niche-based framework. Moreover, the stronger nestedness observed in vascular epiphytes suggests the greater importance of prioritizing conservation efforts in the species-rich habitats for these plants.</p>
Data sets for phylogenomic analyses in: Ant backbone phylogeny resolved by modelling compositional heterogeneity among sites in genomic data
<p>Ants are the most ubiquitous and ecologically dominant arthropods on Earth, and understanding their phylogeny is crucial for deciphering their character evolution, species diversification, and biogeography. Although recent genomic data have shown promise in clarifying intrafamilial relationships across the tree of ants, inconsistencies between molecular datasets have also emerged. Here I re-examine the most comprehensive published Sanger-sequencing and genome-scale datasets of ants using model comparison methods that model among-site compositional heterogeneity to understand the sources of conflict in phylogenetic studies. My results under the best-fitting model, selected on the basis of Bayesian cross-validation and posterior predictive model checking, identify contentious nodes in ant phylogeny whose resolution is <a>modelling-dependent. </a>I show that the Bayesian infinite mixture CAT model outperforms empirical finite mixture models (C20, C40 and C60) and that, under the best-fitting CAT-GTR+G4 model, the enigmatic <a><em>Martialis</em> </a><em>heureka</em> is sister to all ants except Leptanillinae, rejecting the more popular hypothesis supported under worse-fitting models, that place it as sister to Leptanillinae. These analyses resolve a lasting controversy in ant phylogeny and highlight the significance of model comparison and adequate modelling of among-site compositional heterogeneity in reconstructing the deep phylogeny of insects.</p>
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.