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7,849 results for “Conservancy”
Data from: Genetic diversity and divergence in the fountain darter (Etheostoma fonticola): implications for conservation of an endangered species
<p>The endangered fountain darter Etheostoma fonticola is found only in the Comal and San Marcos rivers in the Guadalupe River basin in central Texas, USA. Comal River fountain darters were believed to be extir- pated following a severe drought in the 1950s and were reintroduced in the early 1970s using 457 darters from the San Marcos River. In this study we used 23 microsatellite loci to describe and evaluate the genetic diversity, population structure and effective population size (Ne) of fountain darters. We also evaluated the genetic effect of the Comal River reintroduction and the influence of low-head dams (dams) on dispersal in both rivers. Bayesian analysis of individual genotypes and Analysis of Molecular Variation supported two distinct populations concordant with the two rivers. Estimates of Ne were much smaller (<10 %) than census size (Nc) in both rivers but did not indicate the populations are at risk of an immediate and rapid loss of genetic diversity. Coalescent-based estimates of the genetically effective number of founders (Nf) for the Comal River averaged about 49 darters and, together with the indices of genetic diversity and the bottleneck test (heterozygosity excess) results, were consistent with a founder event following the reintroduction in the Comal River. Finally, our results regarding the influence of dams on fountain darter dispersal were equivocal and did not support a conclusion. We recommend this issue be examined further as part of the fountain darter recovery program.</p>
A framework to identify priority wetland habitats and movement corridors for urban amphibian conservation
<p>Core corridors: derived from Circuitscape modeling results -top 50% of wood frog, boreal chorus frog and tiger salamander results converted to binary value and summed to produce core corridors (probable movement for 2-3 amphibian species). <br> <br> To derive core corridors, we summed connectivity models for three amphibian species. For each species we derived focal nodes from high habitat value (based on HSI modelling), used three resistance scenarios and summed the three scenarios for each species to represent probable movement pathways between focal nodes. Species connectivity models were then classified to top 50% of the model, and converted to a binary value of 0 to 1. The three species were summed where by values 0-3 represent number of amphibian species the corridor probably supports movement. </p>
A framework to identify priority wetland habitats and movement corridors for urban amphibian conservation - Raw Data
<p>Call of the Wetland Program observation data reported by citizen scientists at wetlands in the City of Calgary during three amphibian seasons from 2017 to 2019. Wetlands were surveyed up to 11 times per season and participants reported observations to a smartphone application – where they documented species, and type of observation (eggs, adult, juvenile, tadpole or call). Participants also recorded when they participated in a survey and there were no observations. Observations associated without a site ID represent opportunistic observations at non-survey wetlands. This data was used to validate habitat suitability models derived from the occupancy modeling results. <br> <br> Survey wetland location shapefile (centroid point of wetland) also included. </p>
Cross-seasonal effects in the American Woodcock: conditions prior to fall migration relate to migration strategy and its implications for conservation
<p>How post-breeding habitat quality and body composition of migratory birds carry over to influence fall migration strategies and residency merits consideration when creating cross-seasonal conservation plans, especially in breeding populations that are partial migrants. We assessed the influence of post-breeding habitat quality on departure body composition and fall migration patterns in a southern New England breeding population of American Woodcock (<em>Scolopax minor</em>). Woodcock that overwintered near breeding areas (<em>n</em>=5) had less fat upon capture in fall and used lower quality habitat during the fall than birds that eventually departed on migration (<em>n</em>=17). Woodcock that departed earlier were long-distance migrants that had inhabited higher-quality landscapes prior to migration, departed with less fat or similar fat stores, stopped over for shorter periods on migration, and arrived earlier on their more southerly wintering areas. In contrast, woodcock that departed later were short-distance migrants that had inhabited lower quality landscapes prior to migration yet stored similar or more fat upon departure, stopped over for longer periods on migration, and arrived relatively late to their more northerly wintering areas. These differences in migration strategies were evident under the same fall environmental conditions and did not appear related to individuals responding to their own condition as would be expected if they were class condition-based carry-over effects. As such, the southern New England breeding population of woodcock are best categorized as non-facultative partial migrants (i.e., includes residents, short-distance migrants, and long-distance migrants) that demonstrate weak connectivity between life stages; such populations are excellent for the study of the costs and benefits of migration. The stopover and wintering areas used by woodcock in the coastal mid-Atlantic deserve conservation and management attention in order to preserve critical habitat throughout their wintering range.</p>
Plant collections for conservation and restoration: can they be adapted and adaptable?
<p>Plant collections are important for the conservation of threatened species, and as a source of material for ecological restoration. Typically we want collections to have high genetic diversity so populations founded from it are adaptable to future challenges. Sometimes, we have additional objectives for collections, such as enrichment for desirable traits controlled by adaptive alleles. We used landscape genomic datasets for two plants, Westringia fruticosa and Wilkiea huegeliana, to design collections that are genetically diverse, and that are adapted to warming climates. We characterized temperature adaptation by: (i) using the mean annual temperature of the sites of origin of the plants, and (ii) using the representation of alleles that are associated with warm temperatures. In Westringia fruticosa, there was a negative correlation, or tradeoff between designing a collection that was both genetically diverse and adapted to warm temperatures. This tradeoff was weaker in Wilkiea huegeliana. We hypothesized this was because neutral genetic variation was strongly correlated with temperature in Westringia fruticosa, and not in Wilkiea huegeliana. Accordingly, when we shuffled the temperature data, breaking up the covariance between Westringia fruticosa genetic variation and temperature, there was a relaxation of the observed tradeoff. In sum, we explore tradeoffs between genetic diversity and environmental adaptation in plant collections, and highlight factors that influence the strength of these tradeoffs. This represents a useful step towards understanding when selection will have a large cost in genetic diversity, and when it will be possible to design a collection that is both adapted and adaptable.</p>
Freshwater invertebrates - diversity and function of stream macroinvertebrates: Effects of habitat conversion and strategies for conservation
<b>Description: </b><p>Freshwater invertebrate communities from stream sites along a habitat disturbance gradient (including old growth forest, logged forest, oil palm with riparian buffers, and oil palm with no buffers) within the SAFE Project experimental area, SAFE surrounding area, Maliau Basin, and Danum Valley.</p><p><b>Project: </b>This dataset was collected as part of the following SAFE research project: <a href="https://www.safeproject.net/projects/project_view/121"><b>Diversity and function of stream macroinvertebrates: Effects of habitat conversion and strategies for conservation</b></a></p><p><b>Funding: </b>These data were collected as part of research funded by: </p><ul><li>Sime Darby Foundation (Research, SAFE Project)</li><li>NERC (Studentship, 1122589.0)</li><li>Proforest (Research)</li><li>Varley Gradwell Travelling Fellowship (Research)</li><li>Tim Whitmore Fund (Research)</li><li>Panton Trust (Research)</li><li>Cambridge University Commonwealth Fund (Research)</li></ul><p>This dataset is released under the CC-BY 4.0 licence, requiring that you cite the dataset in any outputs, but has the additional condition that you acknowledge the contribution of these funders in any outputs.</p><p></p><p><b>Permits: </b>These data were collected under permit from the following authorities:</p><ul><li>Sabah Biodiversity Centre (SABC) (Research licence JKM/MBS.1000-2/2(37))</li><li>Sabah Biodiversity Centre (SABC) (Research licence JKM/MBS.1000-2/2(68))</li><li>Sabah Biodiversity Centre (SABC) (Research licence JKM/MBS:1000-2/2(230))</li></ul><p></p><p><b>XML metadata: </b>GEMINI compliant metadata for this dataset is available <a href="https://www.safeproject.net/datasets/xml_metadata?id=6368114">here</a></p><p><b>Files: </b>This consists of 1 file: 2_Luke_Inverts_V4_mfh.xlsx</p><p><b>2_Luke_Inverts_V4_mfh.xlsx</b></p><p>This file contains dataset metadata and 7 data tables:</p><ol><li><p><b>Water striders (Gerromorpha)</b> (described in worksheet Gerro)</p><p>Description: Manually captured waterstriders. Rows represent potential functional group/body size x sample site/date combinations, but not each combination had individuals collected.</p><p>Number of fields: 66</p><p>Number of data rows: 33905</p><p>Fields: </p><ul><li><b>Locations</b>: Transect sampled (Field type: location)</li><li><b>Stream</b>: Stream IDs of where the bugs were collected (Field type: id)</li><li><b>Distance</b>: The 10-m section of the stream transect where bugs were collected (Field type: replicate)</li><li><b>CollectionDate</b>: Dates of when the bugs were collected (Field type: date)</li><li><b>Time</b>: The times of when the bugs were collected (Field type: replicate)</li><li><b>PotCode</b>: Pot ID. For example, 1 of 1 means there is only 1 pot for a particular Distance, 1 of 2 means it is the first pot out of 2 for a particular Distance, and so on (Field type: replicate)</li><li><b>ID</b>: The ID number for the pots, each Distance can consists of 1 to 3 pots of samples and each pot has its own ID (Field type: id)</li><li><b>HabitatType</b>: Habitat type (Field type: categorical)</li><li><b>HabitatTypeReplicate</b>: Replicate IDs for the habitat types. For example, the ID for stream 0m at 40-50m as the first replicate for LF/ Logged Forest is LF1.1, while for stream 0m at 20-30m is LF1.2, and so on (Field type: replicate)</li><li><b>SortDate</b>: Dates of when sortings were done (Field type: comments)</li><li><b>Family</b>: Family of the bugs collected (Field type: taxa)</li><li><b>Group</b>: Groups of the bugs based on body forms: 1) CGP (Cylindrostethinae, Gerrinae, and Ptilomerinae), 2) Halobatinae, and 3) Veliidae (Field type: taxa)</li><li><b>LifeStage</b>: Life stage of the bugs collected: either Juvenile (J) or Adult (A) (Field type: categorical trait)</li><li><b>Length</b>: The body length of the bugs collected (rounded) (Field type: numeric trait)</li><li><b>LengthRange</b>: The body length range of the bugs collected (Field type: id)</li><li><b>PredictedBiomass</b>: The predicted biomass of the bugs collected, calculated using power regression equations. Zeros indicate groups for which no individuals were present. a. Group CGP = Abundance in any of the cell from column W until BO * (0.04 * (the cell of the Column O (needs to be at the same row as the Abundance cell chosen from any of the column W until BO)/ representing the body length ^ 2.271)), b. Group Halobatinae = the same as above but with 0.072 and 2.218 as the coefficient a and b respectively, c. Group Veliidae = the same as above but with 0.041 and 2.32 as the coefficient a and b respectively. (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>AdultWing</b>: Adult bug's ID based on the presence of wings (if the individual insect is a juvenile, the cell says 'None', instead of 'Winged' or 'Wingless') (Field type: categorical trait)</li><li><b>AdultWingAbund</b>: Adult bug's abundance based on the presence of wings (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>PtilomeraMF</b>: Ptilomera sp. IDs based on sex: either male or female (Field type: categorical trait)</li><li><b>Note</b>: Notes about people who have sorted the bugs before Martina Harianja (if no one hasn't worked on a particular sample, it's written as 'None') (Field type: comments)</li><li><b>PtilomeraMFAbund</b>: Abundance of either male or female adult Ptilomera sp. (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>4spot</b>: Abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>C.scrutator</b>: Abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Cylindrosthetus.sp.</b>: Abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Limnometra.sp.</b>: Abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Metrocoris.sp.1</b>: Abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Metrocoris.sp.2</b>: Abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Morphospecies15</b>: Abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Morphospecies20</b>: Abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Morphospecies24</b>: Abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Morphospecies25</b>: Abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Morphospecies27</b>: Abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Morphospecies28</b>: Abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Morphospecies29</b>: Abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Morphospecies30</b>: Abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Morphospecies31</b>: Abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Morphospecies33</b>: Abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Morphospecies34</b>: Abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Morphospecies35</b>: Abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Morphospecies36</b>: Abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Morphospecies37</b>: Abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Morphospecies38</b>: Abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Morphospecies4</b>: Abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Morphospecies40</b>: Abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Morphospecies41</b>: Abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Morphospecies42</b>: Abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Morphospecies43</b>: Abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Morphospecies44</b>: Abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Morphospecies45</b>: Abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Morphospecies46</b>: Abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Morphospecies47</b>: Abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Morphospecies6</b>: Abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Morphospecies7</b>: Abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Morphospecies7.sp.2</b>: Abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Potamometropsis.sp.</b>: Abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Ptilomera.sp.</b>: Abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Rhagovelia.sp.</b>: Abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Rhagovelia.sp.2</b>: Abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Rhagovelia.sp.3</b>: Abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Rheumatogonus.sp.1</b>: Abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Rheumatogonus.sp.2</b>: Abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Strongylovelia.sp.</b>: Abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Tenagogonus.sp.1</b>: Abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Tenagogonus.sp.2</b>: Abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Ventidius.sp.</b>: Abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Ventidius.sp.2</b>: Abundance (Field type: abundance)</li></ul></li><li><p><b>10m Chironomids</b> (described in worksheet Chiron_10m)</p><p>Description: Sampled from the streambed using a Surber sampler in 2012/2013. Suber sample had quadrat area of 0.33m2 and 250 μm mesh net. Sampling done at regularly spaced points along the 200m long dragonfly transects.</p><p>Number of fields: 51</p><p>Number of data rows: 151</p><p>Fields: </p><ul><li><b>Locations</b>: Location within the SAFE landscape (Field type: location)</li><li><b>Stream</b>: Stream name (Field type: id)</li><li><b>Distance</b>: Distance along the stream transect (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>StreamDistance</b>: Stream and distance ID (Field type: id)</li><li><b>PointLocation</b>: Point location on stream transect (Field type: location)</li><li><b>SampleDate</b>: Date sample was collected (Field type: date)</li><li><b>SampleTime</b>: Time sample was collected (Field type: time)</li><li><b>Cladotanytarsus6teeth</b>: Cladotanytarsus6teeth abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Cladotanytarsus5teeth</b>: Cladotanytarsus5teeth abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Orthocladius</b>: Orthocladius abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>CricotopusWorn</b>: CricotopusWorn abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>CricotopusCylindraceus</b>: CricotopusCylindraceus abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>CricotopusOliveri</b>: CricotopusOliveri abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Thienemanniella</b>: Thienemanniella abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Thienemanniella2</b>: Thienemanniella2 abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>KelianA</b>: KelianA abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>KelianB</b>: KelianB abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>KelianC</b>: KelianC abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>TanytarsusMendax</b>: TanytarsusMendax abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>TanytarsusNemorosus</b>: TanytarsusNemorosus abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>PolypedilumType2</b>: PolypedilumType2 abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>PolypedilumConvictum</b>: PolypedilumConvictum abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>PolypedilumSp3</b>: PolypedilumSp3 abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Chironomini1stInstar</b>: Chironomini1stInstar abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>ChironominiGenusB</b>: ChironominiGenusB abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>ChironominiPhoto1</b>: ChironominiPhoto1 abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>ChironominiPhoto2</b>: ChironominiPhoto2 abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>ChironominiPhoto3</b>: ChironominiPhoto3 abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>ChironominiPhoto5</b>: ChironominiPhoto5 abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>CorynoneuraLobata</b>: CorynoneuraLobata abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Thienemannimyia</b>: Thienemannimyia abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Parametriocnemus</b>: Parametriocnemus abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Ceratopogonidae</b>: Ceratopogonidae abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Cardiocladius</b>: Cardiocladius abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Ablabesmyia</b>: Ablabesmyia abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Stenochironomus</b>: Stenochironomus abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Cryptochironomus</b>: Cryptochironomus abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Nanocladius</b>: Nanocladius abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Stictochironomus</b>: Stictochironomus abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Nilotanypus</b>: Nilotanypus abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Rheotanytarsus</b>: Rheotanytarsus abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>RheocricotopusChalybeatus</b>: RheocricotopusChalybeatus abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Dicrotendipes</b>: Dicrotendipes abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Paratendipes</b>: Paratendipes abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Pseudorthocladius</b>: Pseudorthocladius abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Kiefferulus</b>: Kiefferulus abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Paracladopelma</b>: Paracladopelma abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Microtendipes</b>: Microtendipes abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Eukiefferiella</b>: Eukiefferiella abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Diamesinae</b>: Diamesinae abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>TanytarsiniSurfaceTooth</b>: TanytarsiniSurfaceTooth abundance (Field type: abundance)</li></ul></li><li><p><b>10m Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Tricoptera (EPT)</b> (described in worksheet EPTabun_10m)</p><p>Description: Sampled from the streambed using a Surber sampler in 2012/2013. Suber sample had quadrat area of 0.33m2 and 250 μm mesh net. Sampling done at regularly spaced points along the 200m long dragonfly transects.</p><p>Number of fields: 34</p><p>Number of data rows: 78</p><p>Fields: </p><ul><li><b>Locations</b>: Location within the SAFE landscape (Field type: location)</li><li><b>Stream</b>: Stream name (Field type: id)</li><li><b>StreamDistance</b>: Distance along the stream transect (Field type: id)</li><li><b>Distance</b>: Stream and distance ID (Field type: id)</li><li><b>PointLocation</b>: Point location on stream transect (Field type: location)</li><li><b>SampleDate</b>: Date sample was collected (Field type: date)</li><li><b>SampleTime</b>: Time sample was collected (Field type: time)</li><li><b>Baetidae</b>: Baetidae abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Leptophlebiidae</b>: Leptophlebiidae abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Heptageniidae</b>: Heptageniidae abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Caenidae</b>: Caenidae abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Tricorythidae</b>: Tricorythidae abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Euthyplociidae</b>: Euthyplociidae abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Potamanthidae</b>: Potamanthidae abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Oligoneuriidae</b>: Oligoneuriidae abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Ephemeridae</b>: Ephemeridae abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>EphemUnknown</b>: EphemUnknown abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Perlidae</b>: Perlidae abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Nemouridae</b>: Nemouridae abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Leuctridae</b>: Leuctridae abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Peltoperlidae</b>: Peltoperlidae abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>PlecopUnkown</b>: PlecopUnkown abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Dipsuedopsidae</b>: Dipsuedopsidae abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Hydropsychidae</b>: Hydropsychidae abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Leptoceridae</b>: Leptoceridae abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Xiphocentronidae</b>: Xiphocentronidae abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Polycentropodidae</b>: Polycentropodidae abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Psychomyiidae</b>: Psychomyiidae abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Ecnomidae</b>: Ecnomidae abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Philopotamidae</b>: Philopotamidae abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Hydroptilidae</b>: Hydroptilidae abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Lepidostomatidae</b>: Lepidostomatidae abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Calamoceratidae</b>: Calamoceratidae abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>TrichopUnknown</b>: TrichopUnknown abundance (Field type: abundance)</li></ul></li><li><p><b>10m Odonata nymphs</b> (described in worksheet OdonataNymph)</p><p>Description: Sampled from the streambed using a Surber sampler in 2012/2013. Suber sample had quadrat area of 0.33m2 and 250 μm mesh net. Sampling done at regularly spaced points along the 200m long dragonfly transects.</p><p>Number of fields: 29</p><p>Number of data rows: 151</p><p>Fields: </p><ul><li><b>Locations</b>: Location within the SAFE landscape (Field type: location)</li><li><b>Stream</b>: Stream name (Field type: id)</li><li><b>Distance</b>: Distance along the stream transect (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>StreamDistance</b>: Stream and distance ID (Field type: id)</li><li><b>SiteCode</b>: Point location on stream transect (Field type: location)</li><li><b>Date</b>: Date sample was collected (Field type: date)</li><li><b>Time</b>: Time sample was collected (Field type: time)</li><li><b>ChlorogomphidaeChlorogomphus</b>: ChlorogomphidaeChlorogomphus abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>GomphidaeLeptogomphus</b>: GomphidaeLeptogomphus abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>GomphidaeMegalogomphus</b>: GomphidaeMegalogomphus abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>GomphidaeBurmagomphus</b>: GomphidaeBurmagomphus abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>GomphidaeOnychogomphus</b>: GomphidaeOnychogomphus abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>GomphidaeGomphidia</b>: GomphidaeGomphidia abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>GomphidaeSinogomphus</b>: GomphidaeSinogomphus abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>GomphidaeHeliogomphus</b>: GomphidaeHeliogomphus abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>GomphidaeIctinogomphus</b>: GomphidaeIctinogomphus abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>GomphidaeUnknown</b>: GomphidaeUnknown abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>MacromiidaeUnknown1</b>: MacromiidaeUnknown1 abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>MacromiidaeMacromia</b>: MacromiidaeMacromia abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>MacromiidaeUnknown2</b>: MacromiidaeUnknown2 abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>LibellulidaeUnknown</b>: LibellulidaeUnknown abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>LibellulidaeTrithemis</b>: LibellulidaeTrithemis abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>EuphaeidaeEuphaea</b>: EuphaeidaeEuphaea abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>CalopterygidaeVestalis</b>: CalopterygidaeVestalis abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>PhilosinidaeRhinagrion</b>: PhilosinidaeRhinagrion abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>PlatystictidaeUnknown</b>: PlatystictidaeUnknown abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>LestidaeUnknown</b>: LestidaeUnknown abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>ChlorocyphidaeUnknown</b>: ChlorocyphidaeUnknown abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Unknown</b>: Unknown abundance (Field type: abundance)</li></ul></li><li><p><b>10m benthic insects, order-level</b> (described in worksheet Order_10m)</p><p>Description: Sampled from the streambed using a Surber sampler in 2012/2013. Suber sample had quadrat area of 0.33m2 and 250 μm mesh net. Sampling done at regularly spaced points along the 200m long dragonfly transects.</p><p>Number of fields: 34</p><p>Number of data rows: 151</p><p>Fields: </p><ul><li><b>Locations</b>: Location within the SAFE landscape (Field type: location)</li><li><b>Stream</b>: Stream name (Field type: id)</li><li><b>Distance</b>: Distance along the stream transect (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>StreamDistance</b>: Stream and distance ID (Field type: id)</li><li><b>PointLocations</b>: Point location on stream transect (Field type: location)</li><li><b>SampleDate</b>: Date sample was collected (Field type: date)</li><li><b>SampleTime</b>: Time sample was collected (Field type: time)</li><li><b>EphemeropteraWhole</b>: EphemeropteraWhole abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>EphemeropteraPart</b>: EphemeropteraPart abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Ephemeroptera</b>: Ephemeroptera abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>PlecopteraWhole</b>: PlecopteraWhole abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>PlecopteraPart</b>: PlecopteraPart abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Plecoptera</b>: Plecoptera abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>TrichopteraWhole</b>: TrichopteraWhole abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>TrichopteraPart</b>: TrichopteraPart abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Trichoptera</b>: Trichoptera abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>ColeopteraLarvaeWhole</b>: ColeopteraLarvaeWhole abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>ColeopteraLarvaePart</b>: ColeopteraLarvaePart abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>ColeopteraAdultWhole</b>: ColeopteraAdultWhole abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>ColeopteraAdultPart</b>: ColeopteraAdultPart abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Coleoptera</b>: Coleoptera abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>DipteraWhole</b>: DipteraWhole abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>DipteraPart</b>: DipteraPart abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Diptera</b>: Diptera abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>OdonataWhole</b>: OdonataWhole abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>OdonataPart</b>: OdonataPart abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Odonata</b>: Odonata abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Heteroptera</b>: Heteroptera abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Mites</b>: Mites abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Isopods</b>: Isopods abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Worms</b>: Worms abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>OtherWhole</b>: OtherWhole abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>OtherPart</b>: OtherPart abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Other</b>: Other abundance (Field type: abundance)</li></ul></li><li><p><b>10m bottle traps, for crabs, shrimps, snails</b> (described in worksheet Bottletraps_nov2015)</p><p>Description: Crabs, shrimps, snails. Sampled using bottle traps baited with fish/bread. Sampling done at regularly spaced points along the 200m long dragonfly transects. </p><p>Number of fields: 13</p><p>Number of data rows: 999</p><p>Fields: </p><ul><li><b>Locations</b>: Location within the SAFE landscape (Field type: location)</li><li><b>Stream</b>: Stream name (Field type: id)</li><li><b>Date</b>: Date trap set (Field type: date)</li><li><b>ArrivalTime</b>: Trap set time (Field type: time)</li><li><b>LeavingTime</b>: Trap collection time (Field type: time)</li><li><b>Weather</b>: Weather comments (Field type: comments)</li><li><b>People</b>: Observer (Field type: comments)</li><li><b>Distance</b>: Distance along the stream transect (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>IDnumber</b>: Trap number (Field type: id)</li><li><b>Shrimps</b>: Shrimps abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Snails</b>: Snails abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Crabs</b>: Crabs abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Fish</b>: Fish abundance (Field type: abundance)</li></ul></li><li><p><b>200m transects, adult dragonflies</b> (described in worksheet Dragonflies_2012_2013)</p><p>Description: Adult dragonflies. Caught along 200m long transects using butterfly nets. </p><p>Number of fields: 23</p><p>Number of data rows: 1872</p><p>Fields: </p><ul><li><b>Location</b>: Location within the SAFE landscape (Field type: location)</li><li><b>Stream</b>: Stream name (Field type: id)</li><li><b>Date</b>: Distance along the stream transect (Field type: date)</li><li><b>Weather</b>: Stream and distance ID (Field type: comments)</li><li><b>WeatherIssues</b>: Weather issues (0 - no issues, 1 - issues) (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>PeopleIssues</b>: People issues (0 - no issues, 1 - issues) (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>People</b>: Observers (Field type: comments)</li><li><b>DragonflyNo</b>: Dragonfly catch number per day (Field type: id)</li><li><b>UniqueID</b>: Individual dragonfly ID (Field type: id)</li><li><b>Time</b>: Time of catch (Field type: time)</li><li><b>Photos</b>: How many photos were taken of that individual dragonfly (in order to assist with photo sorting later on) (Field type: id)</li><li><b>HeadColour</b>: Head colour (Field type: comments)</li><li><b>ThoraxColour</b>: Thorax colour (Field type: comments)</li><li><b>AbdomenColour</b>: Abdomen colour (Field type: comments)</li><li><b>WingColour</b>: Wing colour (Field type: comments)</li><li><b>Pair</b>: Whether a male/female mating pair or not (knowing this could sometimes help with ID decisions later on, especially for females which are poorly known) (Field type: categorical)</li><li><b>Point10m</b>: Point of catch along the transect (10m intervals along he transect) (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>Habitat</b>: Habitat type (Field type: comments)</li><li><b>Activity</b>: What was the dragon fly doing (Field type: comments)</li><li><b>DateIDing</b>: Date of ID (Field type: date)</li><li><b>PeopleIDing</b>: Person Iding (JA= James Austin, RD= Rory Dow, SHL = Sarah Luke) (Field type: categorical)</li><li><b>Species</b>: Species of dragonfly (Field type: taxa)</li><li><b>MaleFemale</b>: Sex of dragonfly (Field type: categorical)</li></ul></li></ol><p><b>Date range: </b>2011-07-03 to 2015-04-18</p><p><b>Latitudinal extent: </b>4.5755 to 4.9618</p><p><b>Longitudinal extent: </b>116.9641 to 117.7965</p><p><b>Taxonomic coverage: </b><br> All taxon names are validated against the GBIF backbone taxonomy. If a dataset uses a synonym, the accepted usage is shown followed by the dataset usage in brackets. Taxa that cannot be validated, including new species and other unknown taxa, morphospecies, functional groups and taxonomic levels not used in the GBIF backbone are shown in square brackets.</p><div> -  Animalia <br> -  -  Annelida <br> -  -  Arthropoda <br> -  -  -  Crabs <br> -  -  -  Insecta <br> -  -  -  -  Coleoptera <br> -  -  -  -  Coleoptera <br> -  -  -  -  Coleoptera <br> -  -  -  -  Coleoptera <br> -  -  -  -  Coleoptera <br> -  -  -  -  Diptera <br> -  -  -  -  -  Ceratopogonidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Chironomidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Ablabesmyia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Cardiocladius</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  Chironomini1stInstar <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  ChironominiGenusB <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  ChironominiPhoto1 <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  ChironominiPhoto2 <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  ChironominiPhoto3 <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  ChironominiPhoto5 <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Cladotanytarsus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Cladotanytarsus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Cricotopus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Cricotopus cylindraceus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Cricotopus olivetus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Cryptochironomus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  Diamesinae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Dicrotendipes</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Eukiefferiella</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  KelianA <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  KelianB <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  KelianC <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Kiefferulus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Microtendipes</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Nanocladius</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Nilotanypus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Orthocladius</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Paracladopelma</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Parametriocnemus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Paratendipes</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Polypedilum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Polypedilum convictum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Polypedilum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Polypedilum convictum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pseudorthocladius</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rheotanytarsus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Stenochironomus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Stictochironomus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  TanytarsiniSurfaceTooth <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Thienemanniella</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Thienemanniella</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Thienemannimyia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Corynoneura</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Corynoneura lobata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Tanytarsus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Tanytarsus mendax</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Tanytarsus nemorosus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rheocricotopus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rheocricotopus chalybeatus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Diptera <br> -  -  -  -  -  Ceratopogonidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Chironomidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Ablabesmyia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Cardiocladius</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  Chironomini1stInstar <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  ChironominiGenusB <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  ChironominiPhoto1 <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  ChironominiPhoto2 <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  ChironominiPhoto3 <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  ChironominiPhoto5 <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Cladotanytarsus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Cladotanytarsus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Cricotopus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Cricotopus cylindraceus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Cricotopus olivetus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Cryptochironomus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  Diamesinae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Dicrotendipes</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Eukiefferiella</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  KelianA <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  KelianB <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  KelianC <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Kiefferulus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Microtendipes</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Nanocladius</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Nilotanypus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Orthocladius</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Paracladopelma</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Parametriocnemus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Paratendipes</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Polypedilum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Polypedilum convictum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Polypedilum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Polypedilum convictum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pseudorthocladius</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rheotanytarsus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Stenochironomus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Stictochironomus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  TanytarsiniSurfaceTooth <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Thienemanniella</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Thienemanniella</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Thienemannimyia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Corynoneura</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Corynoneura lobata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Tanytarsus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Tanytarsus mendax</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Tanytarsus nemorosus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rheocricotopus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rheocricotopus chalybeatus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Diptera <br> -  -  -  -  -  Ceratopogonidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Chironomidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Ablabesmyia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Cardiocladius</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  Chironomini1stInstar <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  ChironominiGenusB <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  ChironominiPhoto1 <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  ChironominiPhoto2 <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  ChironominiPhoto3 <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  ChironominiPhoto5 <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Cladotanytarsus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Cladotanytarsus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Cricotopus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Cricotopus cylindraceus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Cricotopus olivetus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Cryptochironomus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  Diamesinae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Dicrotendipes</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Eukiefferiella</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  KelianA <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  KelianB <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  KelianC <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Kiefferulus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Microtendipes</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Nanocladius</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Nilotanypus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Orthocladius</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Paracladopelma</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Parametriocnemus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Paratendipes</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Polypedilum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Polypedilum convictum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Polypedilum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Polypedilum convictum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pseudorthocladius</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rheotanytarsus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Stenochironomus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Stictochironomus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  TanytarsiniSurfaceTooth <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Thienemanniella</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Thienemanniella</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Thienemannimyia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Corynoneura</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Corynoneura lobata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Tanytarsus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Tanytarsus mendax</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Tanytarsus nemorosus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rheocricotopus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rheocricotopus chalybeatus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Ephemeroptera <br> -  -  -  -  -  Baetidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Caenidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Ephemeridae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Ephemeridae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Euthyplociidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Heptageniidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Leptophlebiidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Oligoneuriidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Potamanthidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Tricorythidae <br> -  -  -  -  Ephemeroptera <br> -  -  -  -  -  Baetidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Caenidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Ephemeridae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Ephemeridae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Euthyplociidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Heptageniidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Leptophlebiidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Oligoneuriidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Potamanthidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Tricorythidae <br> -  -  -  -  Ephemeroptera <br> -  -  -  -  -  Baetidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Caenidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Ephemeridae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Ephemeridae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Euthyplociidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Heptageniidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Leptophlebiidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Oligoneuriidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Potamanthidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Tricorythidae <br> -  -  -  -  Odonata <br> -  -  -  -  -  Chlorocyphidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rhinocypha</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rhinocypha stygia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rhinocypha aurofulgens</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rhinocypha humeralis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rhinocypha stygia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Libellago</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Libellago phaethon</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Libellago semiopaca</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Heliocypha</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Heliocypha biseriata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Heliocypha biseriata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Gomphidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Burmagomphus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Burmagomphus insularis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Gomphidia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Heliogomphus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Heliogomphus blandulus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Ictinogomphus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Leptogomphus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Leptogomphus williamsoni</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Megalogomphus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onychogomphus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Sinogomphus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Phaenandrogomphus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Phaenandrogomphus safei</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Lestidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Libellulidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Trithemis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Trithemis aurora</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Trithemis festiva</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Orthetrum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Orthetrum chrysis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Orthetrum glaucum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Orthetrum testaceum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Orthetrum pruinosum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Orthetrum pruinosum schneideri</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Tetrathemis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Lyriothemis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Lyriothemis cleis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Camacinia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Camacinia gigantea</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onychothemis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onychothemis culminicola</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pantala</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pantala flavescens</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Zygonyx</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Zygonyx iris</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Zygonyx iris errans</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Cratilla</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Cratilla lineata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Tyriobapta</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Tyriobapta torrida</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Neurothemis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Neurothemis fluctuans</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Neurothemis ramburii</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Macromiidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Macromiidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Macromiidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Platystictidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Drepanosticta</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Drepanosticta actaeon</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Drepanosticta rufostigma</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Drepanosticta versicolor</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Megapodagrionidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rhinagrion</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rhinagrion elopurae</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Amphipterygidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Devadatta</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Devadatta tanduk</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Platycnemididae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Coeliccia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Coeliccia arcuata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Coeliccia borneensis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Coeliccia cyaneothorax</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Copera</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Copera vittata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Protoneuridae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Prodasineura</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Prodasineura hosei</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Prodasineura verticalis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Euphaeidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Euphaea</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Euphaea impar</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Euphaea subcostalis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Dysphaea</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Dysphaea dimidiata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Dysphaea ulu</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Aeshnidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Tetracanthagyna</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Tetracanthagyna degorsi</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Cordulegastridae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Chlorogomphus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Corduliidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Macromia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Macromia westwoodii</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Macromidia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Macromidia fulva</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Coenagrionidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pseudagrion</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pseudagrion pilidorsum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Agriocnemis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Agriocnemis femina</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Stenagrion</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Stenagrion dubium</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Calopterygidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Vestalis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Vestalis amaryllis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Vestalis amnicola</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Vestalis amoena</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Vestalis anacolosa</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Vestalis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Vestalis amaryllis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Vestalis amnicola</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Vestalis amoena</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Vestalis anacolosa</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Neurobasis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Neurobasis longipes</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Odonata <br> -  -  -  -  -  Chlorocyphidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rhinocypha</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rhinocypha stygia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rhinocypha aurofulgens</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rhinocypha humeralis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rhinocypha stygia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Libellago</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Libellago phaethon</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Libellago semiopaca</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Heliocypha</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Heliocypha biseriata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Heliocypha biseriata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Gomphidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Burmagomphus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Burmagomphus insularis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Gomphidia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Heliogomphus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Heliogomphus blandulus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Ictinogomphus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Leptogomphus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Leptogomphus williamsoni</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Megalogomphus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onychogomphus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Sinogomphus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Phaenandrogomphus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Phaenandrogomphus safei</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Lestidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Libellulidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Trithemis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Trithemis aurora</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Trithemis festiva</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Orthetrum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Orthetrum chrysis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Orthetrum glaucum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Orthetrum testaceum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Orthetrum pruinosum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Orthetrum pruinosum schneideri</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Tetrathemis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Lyriothemis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Lyriothemis cleis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Camacinia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Camacinia gigantea</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onychothemis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onychothemis culminicola</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pantala</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pantala flavescens</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Zygonyx</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Zygonyx iris</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Zygonyx iris errans</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Cratilla</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Cratilla lineata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Tyriobapta</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Tyriobapta torrida</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Neurothemis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Neurothemis fluctuans</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Neurothemis ramburii</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Macromiidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Macromiidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Macromiidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Platystictidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Drepanosticta</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Drepanosticta actaeon</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Drepanosticta rufostigma</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Drepanosticta versicolor</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Megapodagrionidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rhinagrion</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rhinagrion elopurae</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Amphipterygidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Devadatta</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Devadatta tanduk</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Platycnemididae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Coeliccia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Coeliccia arcuata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Coeliccia borneensis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Coeliccia cyaneothorax</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Copera</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Copera vittata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Protoneuridae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Prodasineura</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Prodasineura hosei</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Prodasineura verticalis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Euphaeidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Euphaea</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Euphaea impar</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Euphaea subcostalis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Dysphaea</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Dysphaea dimidiata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Dysphaea ulu</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Aeshnidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Tetracanthagyna</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Tetracanthagyna degorsi</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Cordulegastridae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Chlorogomphus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Corduliidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Macromia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Macromia westwoodii</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Macromidia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Macromidia fulva</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Coenagrionidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pseudagrion</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pseudagrion pilidorsum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Agriocnemis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Agriocnemis femina</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Stenagrion</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Stenagrion dubium</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Calopterygidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Vestalis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Vestalis amaryllis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Vestalis amnicola</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Vestalis amoena</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Vestalis anacolosa</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Vestalis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Vestalis amaryllis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Vestalis amnicola</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Vestalis amoena</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Vestalis anacolosa</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Neurobasis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Neurobasis longipes</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Odonata <br> -  -  -  -  -  Chlorocyphidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rhinocypha</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rhinocypha stygia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rhinocypha aurofulgens</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rhinocypha humeralis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rhinocypha stygia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Libellago</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Libellago phaethon</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Libellago semiopaca</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Heliocypha</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Heliocypha biseriata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Heliocypha biseriata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Gomphidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Burmagomphus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Burmagomphus insularis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Gomphidia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Heliogomphus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Heliogomphus blandulus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Ictinogomphus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Leptogomphus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Leptogomphus williamsoni</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Megalogomphus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onychogomphus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Sinogomphus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Phaenandrogomphus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Phaenandrogomphus safei</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Lestidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Libellulidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Trithemis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Trithemis aurora</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Trithemis festiva</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Orthetrum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Orthetrum chrysis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Orthetrum glaucum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Orthetrum testaceum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Orthetrum pruinosum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Orthetrum pruinosum schneideri</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Tetrathemis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Lyriothemis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Lyriothemis cleis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Camacinia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Camacinia gigantea</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onychothemis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onychothemis culminicola</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pantala</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pantala flavescens</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Zygonyx</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Zygonyx iris</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Zygonyx iris errans</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Cratilla</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Cratilla lineata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Tyriobapta</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Tyriobapta torrida</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Neurothemis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Neurothemis fluctuans</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Neurothemis ramburii</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Macromiidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Macromiidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Macromiidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Platystictidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Drepanosticta</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Drepanosticta actaeon</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Drepanosticta rufostigma</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Drepanosticta versicolor</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Megapodagrionidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rhinagrion</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rhinagrion elopurae</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Amphipterygidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Devadatta</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Devadatta tanduk</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Platycnemididae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Coeliccia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Coeliccia arcuata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Coeliccia borneensis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Coeliccia cyaneothorax</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Copera</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Copera vittata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Protoneuridae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Prodasineura</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Prodasineura hosei</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Prodasineura verticalis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Euphaeidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Euphaea</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Euphaea impar</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Euphaea subcostalis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Dysphaea</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Dysphaea dimidiata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Dysphaea ulu</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Aeshnidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Tetracanthagyna</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Tetracanthagyna degorsi</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Cordulegastridae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Chlorogomphus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Corduliidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Macromia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Macromia westwoodii</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Macromidia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Macromidia fulva</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Coenagrionidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pseudagrion</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pseudagrion pilidorsum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Agriocnemis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Agriocnemis femina</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Stenagrion</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Stenagrion dubium</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Calopterygidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Vestalis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Vestalis amaryllis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Vestalis amnicola</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Vestalis amoena</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Vestalis anacolosa</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Vestalis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Vestalis amaryllis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Vestalis amnicola</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Vestalis amoena</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Vestalis anacolosa</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Neurobasis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Neurobasis longipes</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Plecoptera <br> -  -  -  -  -  Leuctridae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Nemouridae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Peltoperlidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Perlidae <br> -  -  -  -  Plecoptera <br> -  -  -  -  -  Leuctridae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Nemouridae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Peltoperlidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Perlidae <br> -  -  -  -  Plecoptera <br> -  -  -  -  -  Leuctridae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Nemouridae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Peltoperlidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Perlidae <br> -  -  -  -  Plecoptera <br> -  -  -  -  -  Leuctridae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Nemouridae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Peltoperlidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Perlidae <br> -  -  -  -  Trichoptera <br> -  -  -  -  -  Calamoceratidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Dipseudopsidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Ecnomidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Hydropsychidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Hydroptilidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Lepidostomatidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Leptoceridae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Philopotamidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Polycentropodidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Psychomyiidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Xiphocentronidae <br> -  -  -  -  Trichoptera <br> -  -  -  -  -  Calamoceratidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Dipseudopsidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Ecnomidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Hydropsychidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Hydroptilidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Lepidostomatidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Leptoceridae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Philopotamidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Polycentropodidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Psychomyiidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Xiphocentronidae <br> -  -  -  -  Trichoptera <br> -  -  -  -  -  Calamoceratidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Dipseudopsidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Ecnomidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Hydropsychidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Hydroptilidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Lepidostomatidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Leptoceridae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Philopotamidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Polycentropodidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Psychomyiidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Xiphocentronidae <br> -  -  -  -  Hemiptera <br> -  -  -  -  -  Heteroptera <br> -  -  -  -  -  Gerridae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  Halobatinae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  [4spot] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  [Morphospecies15] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  [Morphospecies25] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  [Morphospecies27] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  [Morphospecies28] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  [Morphospecies29] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  [Morphospecies33] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  [Morphospecies34] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  [Morphospecies35] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  [Morphospecies42] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  [Morphospecies46] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  [Morphospecies47] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  [Morphospecies6] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Limnometra</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  [Limnometra.sp.] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Tenagogonus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  [Tenagogonus.sp.1] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  [Tenagogonus.sp.2] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Ptilomera</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  [Ptilomera.sp.] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Potamometropsis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  [Potamometropsis.sp.] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Metrocoris</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  [Metrocoris.sp.1] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  [Metrocoris.sp.2] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Cylindrostethus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Cylindrostethus scrutator</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  [Cylindrostethus.sp.] <br> -  -  -  -  -  Veliidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  [Morphospecies20] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  [Morphospecies24] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  [Morphospecies30] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  [Morphospecies31] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  [Morphospecies36] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  [Morphospecies37] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  [Morphospecies38] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  [Morphospecies4] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  [Morphospecies40] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  [Morphospecies41] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  [Morphospecies43] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  [Morphospecies44] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  [Morphospecies45] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  [Morphospecies7] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  [Morphospecies7.sp.2] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rhagovelia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  [Rhagovelia.sp.] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  [Rhagovelia.sp.2] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  [Rhagovelia.sp.3] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Strongylovelia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  [Strongylovelia.sp.] <br> -  -  -  -  -  Gerridae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  Halobatinae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  [4spot] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  [Morphospecies15] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  [Morphospecies25] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  [Morphospecies27] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  [Morphospecies28] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  [Morphospecies29] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  [Morphospecies33] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  [Morphospecies34] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  [Morphospecies35] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  [Morphospecies42] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  [Morphospecies46] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  [Morphospecies47] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  [Morphospecies6] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Limnometra</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  [Limnometra.sp.] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Tenagogonus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  [Tenagogonus.sp.1] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  [Tenagogonus.sp.2] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Ptilomera</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  [Ptilomera.sp.] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Potamometropsis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  [Potamometropsis.sp.] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Metrocoris</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  [Metrocoris.sp.1] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  [Metrocoris.sp.2] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Cylindrostethus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Cylindrostethus scrutator</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  [Cylindrostethus.sp.] <br> -  -  -  -  -  Macroveliidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rheumatogonus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  [Rheumatogonus.sp.1] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  [Rheumatogonus.sp.2] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Ventidius</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  [Ventidius.sp.] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  [Ventidius.sp.2] <br> -  -  -  Shrimps <br> -  -  -  Arachnida <br> -  -  -  -  Mites <br> -  -  -  Malacostraca <br> -  -  -  -  Isopoda <br> -  -  Mollusca <br> -  -  -  Gastropoda <br> -  -  Chordata <br> -  -  -  Actinopterygii <br></div><p></p>
Modelling the genetic aetiology of complex disease: human-mouse conservation of noncoding features and disease-associated loci
<p>Understanding the genetic aetiology of loci associated with disease is crucial for developing preventative measures and effective treatments. Mouse models are used extensively to understand human pathobiology and mechanistic functions of disease-associated loci. However, the utility of mouse models is limited by evolutionary divergence in transcription regulation for pathways of interest. Here, we summarise the conservation of genomic (exonic and multi-cell regulatory) features and complex disease associated variant sites between humans and mice. Our results highlight the importance of understanding evolutionary divergence in transcription regulation when interpreting functional studies using mice as models for human disease variants.</p>
Fig. 2 in Seasonal Variation In A Small-Mammal Assemblage In A Priority Site For Conservation In South-Central Chile
Fig. 2. Rodent capture rate (plus standard deviations) in the study
Fig. 2 in Terrestrial Molluscs In The Dry Grasslands Of The Dnipro Upland (Central Ukraine): New Records, Rare Species And Conservation Potential
Fig. 2. Shells of Granaria frumentum from the vicinities of Korsun-Shevchenkivskyi town.
Fig. 5 in Using Ecological Niche Modeling For Biodiversity Conservation Guidance In The Western Podillya (Ukraine): Amphibians
Fig. 5. Summarized species richness map (see text for explanation).
Latitudinal cline in the foraging dichotomy of loggerhead sea turtles reveals the importance of East China Sea for priority conservation
<p><strong>Aim:</strong> Quantifying the importance of habitat areas for conservation of highly migratory marine species with complex life histories can be challenging. For example, loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) nesting in Japan forage both oceanically and neritically after their reproductive period. Here, we aimed to quantify the proportions of turtles using these two contrasting habitats (foraging dichotomy) to suggest priority conservation areas.</p> <p><strong>Methods:</strong> We examined the occurrence of foraging dichotomy at three nesting sites (Ishigaki, Okinoerabu Islands, and Ichinomiya) based on stable isotope analysis of the egg yolks for 82 turtles and satellite tracking of post-nesting migration for 12 turtles. Moreover, we used the data of three other sites from previous studies (Yakushima Island, Minabe, and Omaezaki).</p> <p><strong>Results:</strong> Two neritic foraging grounds (East China Sea and the coastal area of the Japanese archipelago), and an oceanic ground (North Pacific Ocean) were identified. We found a latitudinal cline with respect to the occurrence of foraging dichotomy; >84% of the females nesting at southern sites (Ishigaki and Okinoerabu Islands), 73% at middle sites (Yakushima Island and Minabe), and <46% at northern sites (Omaezaki and Ichinomiya) were neritic foragers; the proportion of oceanic foragers increased at northern sites. Based on the annual number of nests in the entire nesting region of Japan, satellite tracking, and the latitudinal cline of foraging dichotomy, we estimated that 70% and 9% of annual nesting females in Japan utilise the neritic foraging habitat in the East China Sea and the coastal area of the Japanese archipelago, respectively and that and 22% utilise the oceanic habitat of the North Pacific Ocean.</p> <p><strong>Main conclusions:</strong> The East China Sea represents a critical foraging habitat for the North Pacific populations of endangered loggerhead sea turtles. Our findings emphasise the need for international management to ensure their protection.</p>
Advance social information allows red crossbills (Loxia curvirostra) to better conserve body mass and intestinal mass during food stress
<p>Animals prepare for fluctuations in resources through advance storage of energy, planned reduction in energy costs or by moving elsewhere. Unpredictable fluctuations in food, however, may be particularly challenging if animals cannot avoid negative impacts on body condition. Social information may help animals to cope with unpredictable resources if cues from individuals with low foraging success give advance warning about deteriorating conditions. This study investigates the impact of social information on behavior and physiology of food-restricted captive red crossbills (<em>Loxia curvirostra</em>). Birds were restricted to two short feeding periods per day to simulate a decline in resources and were given social information from food-restricted neighbors either before (i.e., predictive) or during (i.e., parallel) the food restriction period. Focal birds better conserved body mass during food restriction if social information was predictive of the decline in resources. Crossbills with predictive information ate more food, had larger intestinal mass and better conserved pectoral muscle size at the end of the restriction period compared to those with parallel social information. These data suggest that birds can use social information to alter behavioral and physiological responses during food shortage in ways that may confer an adaptive advantage for survival.</p>
Data from: Loamy sand soil approaches organic carbon saturation after 37 years of conservation tillage
<p>This is digital research data corresponding to a published manuscript, Loamy sand soil approaches organic carbon saturation after 37 years of conservation tillage. Conservation tillage is reported to increase soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) contents, but long-term (>30 yr) field results quantifying the responses in Coastal Plain Ultisols are sparse. The distribution, accumulation, and topsoil storage of SOC and TN after 37 yr of crop production using conventional (CvT) or conservation tillage (CnT) on a Norfolk loamy sand (fine-loamy, kaolinitic, thermic, Typic Kandiudults) were quantified. Soil samples were collected annually from the 0−5-, 5−10-, and 10−15-cm depth increments beneath corn (Zea mays L.), soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], and cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) crops.</p>
Fisheries bycatch mitigation measures as an efficient tool for the conservation of seabird populations
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>The impact of industrial fisheries on marine biodiversity is conspicuous in large pelagic vertebrate fisheries bycatch. In seabirds, this led to the decline of many populations since the 1980s following the rise of global fishing efforts. Bycatch mitigation measures were implemented in the 2000s, but their effects on the concerned seabird populations remain poorly quantified and understood.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span>We studied the effects of bycatch mitigation measures on the demography of the white-chinned petrel, one of the most bycatch impacted seabirds whose populations suffered dramatic declines before the implementation of mitigation measures. To do so we 1) built multi-event capture-recapture models to estimate the demographic parameters of a population from Possession Island (southern Indian Ocean) over thirty years, 2) assessed the effect of climate and fishery covariates on demographic parameters, 3) built a population matrix model to estimate stochastic growth rate according to the management in fisheries bycatch, and 4) estimated changes in breeding population density using distance sampling data.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span>The population declined from the 1980s to the mid-2000s, while trawl and longline fisheries occurred with no bycatch mitigation measures. The negative effects of fishery bycatch through additive mortality and of rat predation on breeding success were likely the main drivers of this decline.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span>Both modeled population growth rate and observed breeding densities showed an increase since the mid-2000s. We explained this trend by the improvement in survival probability following implementation of fishery bycatch mitigation measures and in breeding success probability with the local control of the rat population and changes in sea ice conditions on foraging grounds.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span>Synthesis and applications: We provide a holistic approach to assess the effects of management measures by analysing datasets from sampling methods commonly employed in seabirds studies. Our conclusions should encourage the eradication of invasive predatory species in seabirds breeding areas and the strengthening of bycatch mitigation measures for the vulnerable seabird species, especially in international waters, but also the development of such measures considering the other marine large pelagic species threatened by fisheries bycatch (sharks, rays, turtles and marine mammals) since it could be crucial to avoid populations' extinction.</span></p>
Profiling, monitoring and conserving caterpillar fungus in the Himalayan region using anchored hybrid enrichment markers
<p>The collection of caterpillar fungus accounts for 50-70% of the household income of thousands of Himalayan communities and has an estimated market value of $5-11 billion across Asia. However, Himalayan collectors are at multiple economic disadvantages compared with collectors on the Tibetan plateau because their product is not legally recognized. Using a customized hybrid-enrichment probe set and market-grade caterpillar fungus (with samples up to 30 years old) from 94 production zones across Asia, we uncovered clear geography-based signatures of historical dispersal and significant isolation-by-distance among caterpillar fungus hosts. This high-throughput approach can readily distinguish samples from major production zones with definitive geographical resolution, especially for samples from the Himalayan region that form monophyletic clades in our analysis. Based on these results, we propose a two-step procedure to help local communities authenticate their produce and improve this multi-national trade route without creating opportunities for illegal exports and other forms of economic exploitation. We argue that policy makers and conservation practitioners must encourage the fair trade of caterpillar fungus in addition to sustainable harvesting to support a transboundary conservation effort that is much needed for this natural commodity in the Himalayan region.</p>
Supporting Data for: Resource requirements for ecosystem conservation: A combined industrial and natural ecology approach to quantifying natural capital use in nature
<p>Data used to derive allometric equations for land area use by mammals, birds, reptiles, and insects, and data for the analysis of natural resource use at the Natural Capital Laboratory site.</p>
Conserved structural elements specialize ATAD1 as a membrane protein extraction machine
<p>The mitochondrial AAA protein ATAD1 (in humans; Msp1 in yeast) removes mislocalized membrane proteins, as well as stuck import substrates from the mitochondrial outer membrane, facilitating their re-insertion into their cognate organelles and maintaining mitochondria's protein import capacity. In doing so, it helps to maintain proteostasis in mitochondria. How ATAD1 tackles the energetic challenge to extract hydrophobic membrane proteins from the lipid bilayer and what structural features adapt ATAD1 for its particular function has remained a mystery. Previously, we determined the structure of Msp1 in complex with a peptide substrate (Wang et al., 2020). The structure showed that Msp1's mechanism follows the general principle established for AAA proteins while adopting several structural features that specialize it for its function. Among these features in Msp1 was the utilization of multiple aromatic amino acids to firmly grip the substrate in the central pore. However, it was not clear whether the aromatic nature of these amino acids were required, or if they could be functionally replaced by aliphatic amino acids. In this work, we determined the cryo-EM structures of the human ATAD1 in complex with a peptide substrate at near atomic resolution. The structures show that phylogenetically conserved structural elements adapt ATAD1 for its function while generally adopting a conserved mechanism shared by many AAA proteins. We developed a microscopy-based assay reporting on protein mislocalization, with which we directly assessed ATAD1's activity in live cells and showed that both aromatic amino acids in pore-loop 1 are required for ATAD1's function and cannot be substituted by aliphatic amino acids. A short α-helix at the C-terminus strongly facilitates ATAD1's oligomerization, a structural feature that distinguishes ATAD1 from its closely related proteins.</p>
Data from: Network analysis of sea turtle movements and connectivity: a tool for conservation prioritization
<p><strong>Aim</strong>: Understanding the spatial ecology of animal movements is a critical element in conserving long-lived, highly mobile marine species. Analysing networks developed from movements of six sea turtle species reveals marine connectivity and can help prioritize conservation efforts.</p> <p><strong>Location</strong>: Global.</p> <p><strong>Methods</strong>: We collated telemetry data from 1,235 individuals and reviewed the literature to determine our dataset's representativeness. We used the telemetry data to develop spatial networks at different scales to examine areas, connections, and their geographic arrangement. We used graph theory metrics to compare networks across regions and species and to identify the role of important areas and connections.</p> <p><strong>Results</strong>: Relevant literature and citations for data used in this study had very little overlap. Network analysis showed that sampling effort influenced network structure and the arrangement of areas and connections for most networks was complex. However, important areas and connections identified by graph theory metrics can be different than areas of high data density. For the global network, marine regions in the Mediterranean had high closeness while links with high betweenness among marine regions in the South Atlantic were critical for maintaining connectivity. Comparisons among species-specific networks showed that functional connectivity was related to movement ecology, resulting in networks composed of different areas and links.</p> <p><strong>Main conclusions</strong>: Network analysis identified the structure and functional connectivity of the sea turtles in our sample at multiple scales. These network characteristics could help guide the coordination of management strategies for wide-ranging animals throughout their geographic extent. Most networks had complex structures that can contribute to greater robustness, but may be more difficult to manage changes when compared to simpler forms. Area-based conservation measures would benefit sea turtle populations when directed towards areas with high closeness dominating network function. Promoting seascape connectivity of links with high betweenness would decrease network vulnerability.</p>
Umbilicaria phaea var. coccinea: conservation status, variety rank, and secondary chemistry
<p><span>Originally described from a single collection in northern California, <em>Umbilicaria phaea</em> var. <em>coccinea</em> has since been reported from additional sites in California, Oregon, and Washington. Although relatively rare in all three states, there is currently no conservation status for <em>U. phaea</em> var. coccinea in California. Developing conservation strategies and status ranks requires a sound understanding of distribution, frequency, habitat requirements, and taxonomic placement. Therefore, we evaluated distributions and constructed climate envelope models for both varieties of <em>U. phaea</em>. <em>Umbilicaria phaea</em> var. <em>coccinea</em> appears to be restricted to relatively small habitats within the range of <em>U. phaea</em> var. <em>phaea</em> and is only locally common in portions of the Klamath River watershed. To assess evolutionary relationships between the varieties, we evaluated four molecular loci: ITS2, LSU, Mcm7, and mtSSU. A combined phylogeny using maximum-likelihood and Bayesian inference indicated that <em>U. phaea</em> is monophyletic. Within the <em>U. phaea</em> clade, var. coccinea and var. phaea do not form mutually exclusive, monophyletic clades; instead, individuals are intermixed. Based on variation in pigment production, morphology, and geographic distribution, we recommend continued designation of <em>U. phaea</em> var. <em>coccinea</em> as a variety. To better understand the chemical diversity within <em>U. phaea</em>, we compared </span><span>qualitative differences between secondary metabolite profiles of </span><em><span>U. phaea</span></em><span> var. phaea and <em>U. phaea</em> var. <em>coccinea</em></span><span> acetone </span><span>extracts using </span><span>ultraperformance-liquid chromatography high resolution tandem mass spectrometry</span><span> in negative ion mode. UV spectroscopy, thin-layer chromatography and chemical spot testing were used to further characterize the compounds present. </span><span>Overall, </span><span>ten compounds were detected in extracts of <em>U. phaea</em> var. <em>phaea</em> and <em>U. phaea</em> var. <em>coccinea</em>. </span><span>Five previously known chemical substances were identified in both </span><span><em>U. phaea</em> </span><span>varieties including</span><span>: orsellinic acid, lecanoric acid, hiascic acid, gyrophoric acid, and </span><span>orsellinylgyrophorate</span><span>, along with four unknown metabolites. One additional unknown substance whose chemical properties are consistent with a polyhydroxylated anthraquinone pigment was detected only in </span><span><em>U. phaea</em> </span><span>var. </span><em><span>coccinea</span></em><span>. Given its rarity, chemical uniqueness, and distinct ecological association, </span><em><span>U. phaea</span></em><span> var. <em>coccinea</em> warrants a protected status throughout its range.</span></p>
Sacred groves of Central India: Diversity status, carbon storage and conservation strategies
<p>Sacred groves (SGs) play an important role in the conservation of local biodiversity and provide numerous ecosystem services worldwide. We studied how the ecological status of Central Indian SGs contributes to regional tree diversity and carbon (C) storage. We inventoried the trees in fifty-nine SGs of Madhya Pradesh and recorded a total of 109 tree species (90 genera, 40 families). The most species-rich families were Fabaceae, Combretaceae, Malvaceae and Moraceae. The tree density ranged from 75 to 925 individuals ha<sup>-1</sup> (mean: 398 ± 32 individuals ha<sup>-1</sup>), while the basal area varied from 2.5 to 69.2 m<sup>2</sup> ha<sup>-1</sup> (mean: 24.2 ± 1.9 m<sup>2</sup> ha<sup>-1</sup>). The total C stock {tree C + soil organic C (SOC; 0-30 cm)} ranged from 44.7 to 455.4 Mg C ha<sup>-1</sup> (mean: 153.8 ± 9.6 Mg C ha<sup>-1</sup>) across the SGs. The studied SGs represented 74.7% of the total tree diversity and contained 33.1% higher total C stock than the forests of the state. Tree C stock was significantly positively correlated with tree basal area (<em>r<sub>57</sub></em> = 0.965,<em> P</em> < 0.0001), distance from the nearest village (<em>r<sub>57</sub></em> = 0.432, <em>P</em> < 0.001) and number of years of existence (<em>r<sub>57</sub></em> = 0.615, <em>P</em> < 0.0001). The present study highlighted the crucial role of the studied SGs in sustaining regional biodiversity and storing significant amounts of C in biomass and soil. Continued conservation efforts and contained anthropogenic interferences are necessary in order to maintain the current role of these SGs as biodiversity and carbon reservoirs of Central India.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.