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Best fit parameters describing net CO2 flux light response curves measured during the ITEX CO2 flux survey 2003-2009.
Ecosystem CO2 flux light response curves were measured on 1m x 1m plots ( some 0.3m x 0.3m plots in 2006 and some 0.7m x0.7m plots in 2009) across the arctic. This file contains the best fit parameters that describe these light response curves, together with corresponding NDVI data for each curve. Survey plots were located in the Toolik Lake LTER fertilization experiment in Alaska; at Imnavait Creek, Alaska; at Paddus, Latnjajaure and the Stepps site near Abisko in northern Sweden; at various sites in Adventdalen, Svalbard; in the Zackenberg valley, Northeast Greenland; at BEO near Barrow, Alaska and at the Anaktuvuk River Burn in Alaska. Measurements were made during the growing seasons 2003 to 2009.
Height and diameter measurement of spruce in response to harvest: 1993 - 2002
To document possible soil nitrogen mosaics before timber harvesting on three Alaskan boreal forest sites, maps of the distribution of understory green and Sitka alder stems were made. Understory alders were regularly distributed throughout the northernmost site (Standard Creek), and very irregularly distributed at the southernmost site (Cooper Landing). There were no consistent relations between alder stem location and total soil nitrogen. In undisturbed forest, soils collected beneath alders tended to have more nitrogen than soils without alder, but after the sites were harvested, soil chemistry differed. To examine the interactions of alder (Alnus crispa (Ait.) Pursh and A. sitchensis (Reg.) Rydb.) and white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) on secondary successional sites, mixed plantations of white spruce and alder were established after each site was harvested. Despite good survival, the planted alder grew poorly. There were no differences between nursery-grown alder seedlings and alder wildlings in either growth or survival. Though fifth-year survival and growth of white spruce were excellent on all sites, they were not related to either the pre-harvest distribution of naturally occurring alder or to alders planted in the mixed plantations. Locational information and site maps are provided to encourage future evaluation of these plantations.
Plant and soil organic matter responses to ten years of nutrient enrichment in the Nutrient Network:Nutrient Network. A cross-site investigation of bottom-up control over herbaceous plant community dynamics and ecosystem function
This experiment is one implementation of a globally distributed experiment, known as the Nutrient Network. At Cedar Creek, as in over 70 other sites in grasslands around the world, the experiment aims to describe impacts of increased nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur and other metals) and decreased herbivory (removal of mammals by fencing). Two overarching questions are being explored with these manipulations: 1. To what extent are plant production and diversity co-limited by multiple nutrients in herbaceous-dominated communities? 2. Under what conditions do grazers or fertilization control plant biomass, diversity, and composition? By utilizing identical protocols at diverse grassland sites around the world, NutNet aims to uncover both the generalities in ecosystem functioning, and the contingencies or differences which can obscure those common mechanisms. In addition to the standard NutNet protocol, e247 includes an additional low Nitrogen gradient (1 gram Nitrogen per meter squared per year and 5 grams Nitrogen per meter squared per year in addition to the standard 10 grams Nitrogen per meter squared per year).
Foliar and sapwood nutritional and metabolic responses to Ca-treatment at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, 2000 – 2015
Background Acidic deposition has caused a depletion of calcium (Ca) in the northeastern forest soils. One time application of wollastonite (CaSiO3 - 1.2 Mg ha-1 of Ca) was done at watershed 1 (WS1) of the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest (HBEF) in 1999 to evaluate its effects on various functions of the HBEF ecosystem. This rate of application was intended to increase the existing base saturation of the soil from 10% to approximately 19%, and to increase the soil pH to the level that was estimated to exist ~50 years prior to treatment. More details on the treatment can be found at http://www.hubbardbrook.org/research/longterm/calcium/w1_overview/index.html. The overall objective of this study was to evaluate changes in foliar and sapwood metabolic parameters and microbial diversity as indicators of stress and overall health in trees exposed to Ca-supplementation. Raw data from Ca-treated WS1 are compared with WS3 (reference watershed) for cellular metabolites, exchangeable foliar chemistry (not totals) 2000-2015. These watersheds are in close proximity (less than 1.5 Km apart) with similar geology, temperature, soils, and overall climate. For more details see a list of references given below Ca-Supplementation-Metabolic Study (WS1 & along eastern edge of WS3) SUMMARY: The effects of Ca addition on foliar soluble (extractable in 5% HClO4) ions, chlorophyll, polyamines, and amino acids were studied in three hardwood species, namely sugar maple, yellow birch, and American beech. We further analyzed these effects in relation to elevation at Ca-supplemented WS1 and reference WS3 watersheds. During the earlier years foliar soluble Ca increased significantly in all species at mid and high elevations at Ca-supplemented WS1. This was accompanied by increases in soluble P, chlorophyll, and two amino acids, glutamate and glycine. A decrease in known metabolic indicators of physiological stress (i.e. the amino acids, arginine and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and the diamine, pu
Red spruce foliar nutritional and metabolic responses to N, Ca, and N+Ca additions in a plot level study from Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest NH, Adirondack State Park, NY and Groton State Forest, VT from 1997-2000.
Plot Level Ca, N, Ca+N Study Background: Three mature red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) – balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.) stands with closed canopies from across the northeastern United States were selected to assess the effects of N and Ca additions on forest growth. These sites included Groton, VT (Groton State Forest), Big Moose Lake, NY (Adirondack State Park) and Watershed 9 in the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, NH. Site descriptions can be found in the pdf file included in this dataset. Full site descriptions have been published in Kulmatiski et al, 2007, Nitrogen and calcium additions increase forest growth in northeastern USA spruce–fir forests, Canadian Journal of Forest Research 37: 1574-1585. This publication also provides more in-depth site and soil descriptions. In 1992, three replicate 30 m by 30 m plots were randomly assigned to each of four treatment levels: control (control), Ca addition (Ca), N addition (N), or Ca + N addition (Ca + N) in NY and NH (for a total of 12 plots at each site). In VT, only control and Ca treatments were established due to limited space and research goals (for a total of 6 plots). Beginning in July 1992 through July 2000, N amendments (100 kilograms of NH4NO3-N per hectare per year), Ca amendments (80 kilograms of CaSO4-Ca plus 80 kilograms of CaCl2-Ca per hectare per year), and Ca + N (same dosage as separate applications) amendments were hand broadcast as commercial grade salts. Applications were made in June, July, and August to each plot in each year. SUMMARY: The main objectives of this study were to evaluate changes over time (1997-2000) in foliar metabolism of mature red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) trees in response to additions of nitrogen, Ca, or N +Ca supplementation. N was applied as NH4NO3 and Ca was applied as gypsum [CaSO4 .2H2O (2X) + CaCl2 .2H2O (1X)] and Ca + N treatment was a combination of both at the same concentrations Three sites received these treatments; Groton, VT (Groton State Forest), Bi
Thresholds and alternative states in neotropical dry forest in response to fire severity, 2005-2018
Neotropical xerophytic forest ecosystems evolved with fires that shaped their resilience to disturbance events. We asked if there is evidence for a fire severity threshold causing an abrupt transition from a forest to an alternative shrub thicket state in the presence of typical post-fire management. We studied a heterogeneous wildfire event to assess medium-term effects (11 years) of varying fire severity in a xerophytic Caldén forest (Prosopis caldenia) in La Pampa province, central Argentina. We conducted field vegetation surveys in patches that were exposed to low (LFS), medium (MFS), and high (HFS) fire severities, but had similar pre-fire woody canopy cover. Satellite images were used to quantify fire severity using a delta Normalized Burning Ratio (dNBR) and to map pre-fire canopy cover. The structure and composition of woody and herbaceous vegetation was measured during the 2017-18 growing season (September to March) in areas affected by different severities of the 2006 wildfire.
Poplar response to Fertilization at the Kellogg Biological Station, Hickory Corners, MI (2011 to 2017)
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Invasive rodent responses to experimental and natural hurricanes with implications for global climate change
Find these data here: https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.r7sqv9sfz Hurricanes cause dramatic changes to forests by opening the canopy and depositing debris onto the forest floor. How invasive rodent populations respond to hurricanes is not well understood, but shifts in rodent abundance and foraging may result from scarce fruit and seed resources that follow hurricanes. We conducted studies in a wet tropical forest in Puerto Rico to better understand how experimental (Canopy Trimming Experiment) and natural (Hurricane Maria) hurricane effects alter populations of invasive rodents (Rattus rattus [rats] and Mus musculus [mice]) and their foraging behaviors. To monitor rodent populations, we used tracking tunnels (inked and baited cards inside tunnels enabling identification of animal visitors’ footprints) within experimental hurricane plots (arborist trimmed in 2014) and reference plots (closed canopy forest). To assess shifts in rodent foraging, we compared seed removal of two tree species (Guarea guidonia and Prestoea acuminata) between vertebrate-excluded and free-access treatments in the same experimental and reference plots, and did so 3 months before and 9 months after Hurricane Maria (2017). Trail cameras were used to identify animals responsible for seed removal. Rat incidences generated from tracking tunnel surveys indicated that rat populations were not significantly affected by experimental or natural hurricanes. Before Hurricane Maria there were no mice in the forest interior, yet mice were present in forest plots closest to the road after the hurricane, and their forest invasion coincided with increased grass cover resulting from open forest canopy. Seed removal of Guarea and Prestoea across all plots was rat dominated (75%-100% rat-removed) and was significantly less after than before Hurricane Maria. However, following Hurricane Maria, the experimental hurricane treatment plots of 2014 had 3.6 times greater seed removal by invasive rats than did the referenc
McMurdo Dry Valleys Chlorophyll-A Responses to Short-Term Soil Manipulation Experiment
A short-term soil manipulation experiment has been conducted as part of the McMurdo Dry Valleys Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) project. The chlorophyll-a concentration of soil samples was determined. Samples were taken on November 13, 1995, November 17, 1995, November 24, 1995 and December 11, 1995.
Metabolic responses of Plectus murrayi across a temperature gradient, McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica, 2016-2017
Populations of Plectus murrayi, a mesophilic nematode, have been increasing in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica over the past three decades. In contrast, most other Antarctic nematode species, including Scottnema lindsayae, have experienced constant population declines over the same time period due to climate change related increases in summer temperatures and wetting occurrences. To determine why P. murrayi populations are outperforming other Antarctic nematode species, we performed a laboratory experiment to measure their metabolic responses to increasing temperatures. For this experiment, P. murrayi were cultured from soils collected in Taylor Valley during the austral summers of 2016 and 2017 as part of the McMurdo Dry Valleys Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) Project. Using a TAM IV Isothermal Microcalorimeter, we measured the metabolic heat rates of these cultured P. murrayi populations in six sealed 4 mL vials. Three of these vials also contained 200 µl ampoules of 0.4 M NaOH. NaOH reacts with CO2 produced from metabolic processes to release a known amount of heat (108.5 kJ/mol CO2). The difference in metabolic heat rate produced in vials containing NaOH and those without NaOH is proportional to CO2 produced from P. murrayi metabolism. Consequently, this method allowed us to track metabolic heat rates as well as CO2 production rates. O2 consumption was calculated from vials without NaOH using Thornton's rule (455 kJ of metabolic heat/mol O2). P. murrayi metabolic heat rates were compared to C. elegans for reference, and baseline measurements included heat rates of E. coli and blank agar.
Environmental, molecular, and life history data associated with ecological and evolutionary nematode responses to soil phosphorus availability, McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica
Elemental stoichiometry is a useful theoretical framework for understanding the sources and controls on nutrient availability that can structure the composition, diversity, and life history of biotic communities. One such relationship, as postulated by the growth rate hypothesis (GRH), is that organismal development rate is positively linked to cellular phosphorus (P). To test the GRH as part of the McMurdo Dry Valleys Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) program, we examined the effects of phosphorus (P) availability both in situ and in vitro, on the evolution of growth and development of free-living soil nematodes (primarily Plectus murrayi) that occur in the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica. During the 2008-2009 austral summer, we collected soils from two glacial till sequences, the Ross Sea till and Taylor II till, occurring in the Lake Fryxell and Lake Bonney basins, respectively, of Taylor Valley. Through a variety of subsequent analyses, we generated the environmental, molecular, and life history trait data contained herein. In addition, this package contains body size and biomass data for nematodes isolated from soil samples collected during the 1999-2000 and 2004-2005 austral summers.
Topographic heterogeneity mediates patterns of vegetation response to climate change across a mountain landscape, Niwot Ridge, Colorado, 1972-2008
The distributions of biomes worldwide are predicted to shift as vegetation tracks climate change. Ecologists often use coarse-scale climate models to predict these shifts along broad elevational and latitudinal gradients, but these assessments could fail to capture important dynamics by ignoring fine-scale heterogeneity. We ask how the elevational ranges of vegetation types have changed in a mountainous landscape, and investigate the influence of fine-scale topographic, snowpack, and soil properties on vegetation change. We manually classified vegetation from high-resolution repeat aerial photographs from 1972 and 2008 at Niwot Ridge, Colorado, USA, and generally found that trees and shrubs colonized tundra, while tundra colonized barren soils. Only shrubs expanded their elevational range. Several fine-scale topographic, soil and snow characteristics, including elevation, slope, solar radiation, soil bulk density, and interannual snowpack variability, modulated where plant establishment occurred. Each vegetation type had a unique suite of variables best predicting its establishment in new areas. We suggest that fine-scale heterogeneity may strongly control how plants in mountainous regions respond to climate change, and different vegetation types may be sensitive to different aspects of this heterogeneity. An improved understanding of the factors controlling vegetation change gives us a broader understanding of ecosystem response to climate change, nitrogen deposition, and release from grazing.
Responses of dry meadow Kobresia myosuroides and Carex rupestris to Nitrogen fertilization for East of Tvan, 2013 - 2015
A common response of plant communities to increased nitrogen (N) deposition is a shift in species’ abundances. Multiple factors have been proposed to explain the changes in abundance, notably competition and soil acidification. We hypothesized that a plant species that decreased in abundance with elevated N would have lower ectomycorrhizal fungi, altered root-associated bacteria communities, and/or greater susceptibility to Al toxicity than a species that increased in abundance with increasing N deposition. We examined changes in plant–microbe associations and Al toxicity in two dominant species from an alpine dry meadow community subjected to long-term low-level N addition. Carex rupestris has increased in cover over time with N addition and Kobresia myosuroides has decreased. We conducted field sampling of soil microbes from treatment plots and tested whether field levels of Al have toxic effects on sedge species in a greenhouse study. Declines in ectomycorrhizal infection of Cenococcum geophilum occurred on Kobresia with increasing N treatment. In contrast, neither Al level nor changes in bacteria community composition corresponded with the change in cover of sedge species. Decreased ectomycorrhizal infection may have contributed to the decrease in abundance of Kobresia. This study contributes to an understanding of the types of plant–soil interactions that may influence how plant species respond to N deposition and rejects Al toxicity and changes in bacteria composition as factors that likely play a role in changes in sedge abundance. Citations: Potter, T. S., Owens, W. M., Bowman, W. D. (2019). Do plant–microbe interactions and aluminum tolerance influence alpine sedge species’ responses to nitrogen deposition?. Ecosphere, 10(7), e02775.
SBC LTER: Reef: Surge uptake capability in Macrocystis pyrifera in response to pulses of three different forms of nitrogen
This data describes the capacity of the giant kelp, Macrocystis pyrifera to exhibit surge uptake of three different forms of nitrogen in whole-blade incubation experiments done in spring and summer 2019. The data is contained in 2 tables: 1) uptake rates of 15N labeled nitrate, ammonium, and urea by blades exposed to pulses of nitrogen for periods lasting 1, 5, 15 and 45 min, 2) uptake rates of 15N labeled nitrate, ammonium, and urea for specific time intervals of pulsed nitrogen (e.g., 0-1 min, 1-5 min, 5-15 min and 15-45 min).
Post-Fire Response of Perennial Grass Communities at McKenzie Flats, Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico (1998 and 2001)
We evaluated the effects of a lightning-initiated fire on responses of vegetation communities. Following a fire in July 1998, 25 experimental plots were established on the eastern edge of MacKenzie Flats at the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge. Ten of these plots were located in a Bouteloua gracilis (blue grama)- dominated site, while 15 were established in another area dominated by Bouteloua eriopoda (black grama). We evaluated basal and aerial cover of all plant species at the community level using a vertical line point intercept method along transects within plots. Sampling was conducted immediately after the fire during the last week of July 1998, and again in September and October of 2001.
Post-Fire Responses of Perennial Grass Populations at McKenzie Flats, Sevilleta National WIldlife Refuge, New Mexico (1998 and 2001)
We evaluated the effects of a lightning-initiated fire on resprouting responses of perennial grasses at the population level. Following a fire in July 1998, 25 experimental plots were established on the eastern edge of MacKenzie Flats at the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge. Ten of these plots were located in a Bouteloua gracilis (blue grama)-dominated site, while 15 were established in an area dominated by Bouteloua eriopoda (black grama). We evaluated basal cover of perennial grasses in systematically positioned quadrats (subsamples) within plots immediately after the fire (last week of July 1998), and in September-October 2001.
SGS-LTER CO2 Elevation Study: Assimilation vs. intercellular CO2 response curves on Open Top Chamber species on the Central Plains Experimental Range, Nunn, Colorado, USA 1997 - 2001
This data package was produced by researchers working on the Shortgrass Steppe Long Term Ecological Research (SGS-LTER) Project, administered at Colorado State University. Long-term datasets and background information (proposals, reports, photographs, etc.) on the SGS-LTER project are contained in a comprehensive project collection within the Digital Collections of Colorado (http://digitool.library.colostate.edu/R/?func=collections&collection_id=3429). The data table and associated metadata document, which is generated in Ecological Metadata Language, may be available through other repositories serving the ecological research community and represent components of the larger SGS-LTER project collection. Additional information and referenced materials can be found: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/82454. Single leaf gas exchange (CO2 & H2O) was measured several times per season on important grass species in the shortgrass steppe open-top-chamber experiment. Cuvette CO2 levels were varied to investigate physiological adaptations to elevated CO2. C3 grass displayed photosynthetic acclimation, while C4 grass did not. Leaf water-use-efficiency was improved under ECO2. Absolute assimilation rates were more dependent on soil and plant water status than on CO2. This research was conducted at the Central Plains Experimental Range, near Nunn, CO; lat.40degrees 40 minutes N; long. 104 degrees 45 minutes W in the shortgrass steppe region of NE Colorado, USA and as a collaboration between SGS-LTER and USDA-ARS researchers.
Rare and common genetic variations in the Keap1/Nrf2 antioxidant response pathway impact thyroglobulin gene expression and circulating levels, respectively
<p>This is about publication PMID: 31421134, DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.08.007</p> <p>Each book in the excel file indicates the figure number it refers to.</p> <p>The file is about the relative luciferase units used in Figure 2 of main paper. </p> <p>Values are relative to WT1_C relative luciferase units <br> </p>
Amperometric response of the HRP-AuNCs/SWCNTs/CFUME (a), HRP/SWCNTs/CFUME (b), SWCNTs/CFUME (c), HRP-AuNCs/CFUME (d), HRP/CFUME (e) and CFUME (f) in 0.01 M PBS buffer solution containing 10 μM H2O2.
<p>The amperometric responses of HRP-AuNCs/MWCNTs/CFUME (a), HRP/MWCNTs/CFUME (b)、MWCNTs/CFUME (c)、HRP-AuNCs/CFUME (d)、HRP/CFUME (e) and CFUME (f) to the addition of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> were compared in 0.01 M PBS. The applied potential was chosen on -0.1 V (vs. Ag/AgCl sat. KCl), which can effectively reduce possible interferences and results in high selectivity to H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>. In F. S3, MWCNTs/CFUME (c), HRP-AuNCs/CFUME (d), HRP/CFUME (e) and CFUME (f) gave no response to 10 μM H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>. The response of HRP-AuNCs/MWCNTs/CFUME (a) is obvious and more than 30 times of that from the HRP/MWCNTs/CFUME. The electrodes without HRP or MWCNTs have no response. This result suggests that HRP-AuNCs/MWCNTs/CFUME is overwhelming in amperometric measurement.</p>
Data of the paper: Atmospheric energy budget response to idealized aerosol perturbation in tropical cloud systems
<p>Here you can find the data presented in the paper: <strong>Atmospheric energy budget response to idealized aerosol perturbation in tropical cloud systems</strong></p> <p>The data include all variables included in the paper for the shallow-cloud and the deep-cloud dominated cases.</p> <p>The variable names are as in the paper (beside T_tot which is the 2m temperature). The numbers in the names of the variables represent the CDNC case.</p> <p>The time series variables are as a function of t. The vertical profiles are as a function of the pressure p. The maps are as a function of latitude and longitude. </p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.