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Figs 22–23. Phanaeus pseudofurcosus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev. 22 in The Phanaeus tridens species group (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea): a dung beetle group with genital morphological stasis but a changing ecological niche

Figs 22–23. Phanaeus pseudofurcosus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev. 22 – male green phase; 23 – holotype and labels (by Jiří Hájek, NMPC). Scale bar = 1.0 mm.

Figs 1–5. Phanaeus tridens Castelnau, 1840. 1 in The Phanaeus tridens species group (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea): a dung beetle group with genital morphological stasis but a changing ecological niche

Figs 1–5. Phanaeus tridens Castelnau, 1840. 1 – male green phase; 2 – male green-red phase; 3 – neotype and labels, present designation (by Christophe Rivier, MNHN); 4 – P. frankenbergeri junior subjective synonymy, holotype and labels (by Jiří Hájek, NMPC); 5 – EDMONDS' (1994) neotype of P. tridens and labels (by Simon Hinkley, NMVA). Scale bar = 1.0 mm.

Fig. 65 in The Phanaeus tridens species group (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea): a dung beetle group with genital morphological stasis but a changing ecological niche

Fig. 65. Predicted distribution of P. daphnis Harold, 1863, P. substriolatus Balthasar, 1939 and P. herbeus Bates, 1887.

Fig. 69 in The Phanaeus tridens species group (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea): a dung beetle group with genital morphological stasis but a changing ecological niche

Fig. 69. Niche overlap of the P. tridens species group. Right: overlap pairwise comparison using two indexes (Warren's I and Schoener's D). Left: dendrogram result of the UPGMA analysis of the indexes.

Fig. 63 in The Phanaeus tridens species group (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea): a dung beetle group with genital morphological stasis but a changing ecological niche

Fig. 63. Phallobase, parameres and endophallite copulatrix of the P.tridens species group. Scale bar = 1.0 mm.

opencc-by-4.0Jan 2022View details →

Data for: Competition, prey, and mortalities influence gray wolf group size

Data and R code for "Competition, prey, and mortalities influence gray wolf group size" by Sells et al. (2022, Journal of Wildlife Management). The datasets can be used with the included R code to re-create analyses and figures from Sells et al. (2022). The metadata file describes each column in the datasets.

Fig. 13. Phanaeus coeruleus Bates, 1887 in The Phanaeus tridens species group (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea): a dung beetle group with genital morphological stasis but a changing ecological niche

Fig. 13. Phanaeus coeruleus Bates, 1887, stat. rev., holotype and labels (by Keita Matsumoto, BMNH).

Fig. 11. Croton sahafariensis Kainul. & Berry A in A revision of the Adenophorus Group and other glandular-leaved species of Croton (Euphorbiaceae) from northern Madagascar and Mayotte, including three new species

Fig. 11. Croton sahafariensis Kainul. & Berry A. Branch with young inflorescences. Note the awn-like bracts; B. Underside of the leaves showing whitish woolly pubescence with contrasting ferrugineous hairs along the veins. Note laminar glands (arrow); C-D. Inflorescences with staminate and pistillate flowers; E. Young fruit. [A, D-E:van Ee et al. 2313; B-C: van Ee et al. 1089] [Photos: A-B, D-E: P. Berry; C: B. van Ee]

Fig. 9. Croton mayottae Berry & Kainul. A in A revision of the Adenophorus Group and other glandular-leaved species of Croton (Euphorbiaceae) from northern Madagascar and Mayotte, including three new species

Fig. 9. Croton mayottae Berry & Kainul. A. Flowering branch with staminate flowers; B. Abaxial side of leaves showing laminar glands and pubescence; C. Staminate flower; D-F. Pistillate flower; F. Top-view with the ovary removed to show the five nectaries. [Photo: A: Sébastien Traclet; B-F: Barthelat et al. 225]

Fig. 8. Croton loucoubensis Baill. A in A revision of the Adenophorus Group and other glandular-leaved species of Croton (Euphorbiaceae) from northern Madagascar and Mayotte, including three new species

Fig. 8. Croton loucoubensis Baill. A. Habit, growing in secondary vegetation in Mahajanga Province, S of Ankaromyhely, 111 km N of Antsohihy along RN 6; B. Fimbriate stipules; C. Inflorescence with pistillate flowers; note the persistent bracts; D. Pistillate flowers, with patent, multiply bifurcating stigmas; E. Underside of a leaf showing the pubescent, stipitate acropetiolar glands, the palmate venation of the first pairs of secondary veins, and a pair of laminar glands. [A-D: Gillespie et al. 10646; E: Antilahimena 154] [Photos: A, C-D: G. Levin; E: P. Antilahimena]

Fig. 1 in A revision of the Adenophorus Group and other glandular-leaved species of Croton (Euphorbiaceae) from northern Madagascar and Mayotte, including three new species

Fig. 1. Abaxial side of leaves showing laminar glands and pubescence A. Croton nudatus Baill.; B. Croton stanneus Baill.; C. Croton adenophorus Baill.; D. Croton bathianus Leandri; E. Croton loucoubensis Baill.; F. Croton orangeae Kainul. & Berry; G. Croton sahafariensis Kainul. & Berry; H. Croton scoriarum Leandri; I. Croton tsiampiensis Leandri. [A: van Ee et al. 2340; B: van Ee et al. 2160; C: van Ee et al. 1135; D: van Ee et al. 1138; E: Ammann et al. 378; F: van Ee et al. 2353; G: van Ee et al. 1089; H: van Ee et al. 2329; I: Nusbaumer LN 902]

Fig. 4 in Review of the Panorpa wormaldi group (Mecoptera: Panorpidae), with descriptions of two new species

Fig. 4. Habitus of the Panorpa wormaldi group. A–B. P. gressitti Byers, 1970, ♂, dorsal and left-lateral views, respectively. C–D. P. zhuohengi sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (DALU) dorsal and left-lateral views, respectively.

Fig. 2. Panorpa implicata Cheng, 1957. A, C–F in Review of the Panorpa wormaldi group (Mecoptera: Panorpidae), with descriptions of two new species

Fig. 2. Panorpa implicata Cheng, 1957. A, C–F. ♂ (DALU). B, G–H. ♀ (DALU). A–B. Habitus, dorsal view. C. Abdomen, left-lateral view. D–E. Genital bulb, ventral and dorsal views, respectively. F. Aedeagal complex, ventral view. G. Subgenital plate, ventral view. H. Medigynium, ventral view.

Fig. 1 in Review of the Panorpa wormaldi group (Mecoptera: Panorpidae), with descriptions of two new species

Fig. 1. Habitus of the Panorpa wormaldi group, males. A. Panorpa wormaldi MacLachlan, 1875. B. P. striata Miyaké, 1908. C. P. multifasciaria Miyaké, 1910. D. P. kiusiuensis Issiki, 1929. E. P. tsunekatanis Issiki, 1929. F. P. gressitti Byers, 1970. G. P. amamiensis Miyamoto & Makihara, 1984. H. P. okinawaensis Nakamura, 2009. I. P. tokunoshimaensis Nakamura, 2009. ©Ji-Shen Wang (F) and Tomoya Suzuki (A–E, G–I).

Fig. 3 in Review of the Panorpa wormaldi group (Mecoptera: Panorpidae), with descriptions of two new species

Fig. 3. Panorpa fengyanga sp. nov. A, C–G. Holotype, ♂ (DALU). B, H–I. Paratype, ♀ (DALU). A–B. Habitus, dorsal view. C. Abdomen, left-lateral view. D–E. Genital bulb, ventral and dorsal views, respectively. F. Aedeagal complex, ventral view. G. Right paramere, right-lateral view. H. Subgenital plate, ventral view. I. Medigynium, ventral view.

opencc-zeroFeb 2022View details →

dryad40/100

Data from: Behavioral adjustments in the social associations of a precocial shorebird mediate the costs and benefits of grouping decisions

Animals weigh multiple costs and benefits when making grouping decisions. The cost-avoidance grouping framework proposes that group density, information quality, and risk affect an individual's preference for con- or heterospecific groups. However, this assumes the cost-benefit balance of a particular grouping is constant spatiotemporally, which may not always be true. Investigating how spatiotemporal context influences grouping choices is therefore key to understanding how animals contend with changing conditions. Changes in body size during development lead to variable conditions for individuals over short timescales that can influence their ecological interactions. Hudsonian godwits (Limosa haemastica), for instance, form a protective nesting association with a major predator of young godwit chicks, colonial short-billed gulls (Larus brachyrhynchus). Godwit broods may avoid areas of higher gull densities when chicks are susceptible to gull predation but likely experience higher risk from alternative predators as a result. Associating with conspecifics could allow godwits to buffer these costs but requires enough other broods with whom to group. To determine how age-dependent predation risk and conspecific density influence godwit grouping behaviors, we first quantified the time-dependent effects of con- and heterospecific interactions on the mortality risk for godwit chicks throughout development. We then determined how godwit density and chick age affected their associations with con- and heterospecifics. We found that younger godwit chicks' survival improved with closer association with conspecifics, earlier hatch dates, and lower gull densities, whereas older chicks survived better with earlier hatch dates, though this effect was less clear. Concomitantly, godwit broods avoided gulls early in development and when godwit densities were high but maintained loose associations with conspecifics throughout development. We identified how individuals can optimally shift with whom they group according to risks that vary spatially and temporally. Investigating the effects of a species' ecological interactions across spatiotemporal contexts in this way can shed light on how animals adjust their associations according to the costs and benefits of each association.

HRE2021-0515-03 Research Data: Focus Group Transcripts

The Centre for Culture and Technology (CCAT) at Curtin University undertook a project aiming to provide better support for grey literature research outputs including reports, working papers and blog posts.  The research team for the project ‘Increasing the Visibility of Grey Literature’ was: <ul> <li>Professor Katie Ellis, Centre for Culture and Technology</li> <li>Niamh Quigley, Research Associate, Centre for Culture and Technology</li> </ul> This dataset contains the deidentified transcripts of two focus groups held with producers of grey literature at Curtin University, Perth, Australia. The participants have been deidentified, and named as P1 to P9. In focus group 1, P1 was an observer. In focus group 2, P8 was both an observer and also participated. The online focus groups were conducted on 27/01/2022 and 01/02/2022. This research project has approval from the Curtin University Human Research Ethics Office (HRE2021-0515-03). The focus group interview guide is available at <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6139781">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6139781</a>

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2018View details →

Fig. 6. – A. Panicum cupressifolium A in Revision of the group previously known as Panicum L. (Poaceae: Panicoideae) in Madagascar

Fig. 6. – A. Panicum cupressifolium A. Camus; B. Panicum ibitense A. Camus; C. Panicum luridum Hack.; D. Panicum mitopus K. Schum. [A: Nanjarisoa et al. 87; B: Letsara et al. 2047; C: Rakotoarisoa & Randrianavosoa SNGF 2931; D: Vorontsova et al. 2110] [Photos: A–B, D:M.S. Vorontsova; C: S. Rakotoarisoa]

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2018View details →

Fig. 3. – Panicum andringitrense A. Camus. A in Revision of the group previously known as Panicum L. (Poaceae: Panicoideae) in Madagascar

Fig. 3. – Panicum andringitrense A. Camus. A. Habit; B. Ligule; C. Panicle branch; D. Spikelet with glumes removed; E. Lower glume, dorsal view; F. Lower glume, ventral view; G. Upper glume, dorsal view; H. Upper glume, ventral view; I. Lower lemma, dorsal view; J. Lower lemma, ventral view; K. Lower palea; L. Upper floret, ventral view; M. Upper floret, lateral view; N. Upper lemma, dorsal view; O. Upper lemma, ventral view; P. Upper palea, dorsal view; Q. Upper palea, ventral view. [Vorontsova et al. 1204, K] [Drawing: Lucy T. Smith]