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opencc-by-4.0Dec 2023View details →

Genetic variants affecting NQO1 protein levels impact on efficacy of idebenone treatment in Leber hereditary optic neuropathy

Fastq files with complete sequencing of NQO1 gene after PCR amplification for cell lines harboring m.11778G>A/MT-ND4 or m.3460A>G/MT-ND1 and controls.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2023View details →

GENDER DIVERSITY AND ITS IMPACT ON THE WOMEN PARTICIPATION IN THE WORKFORCE: WITH REFERENCE TO INDIAN CORPORATE SECTOR. (HRM: PARTICIPATION OF WOMEN IN THE WORK FORCE

Gender roles have been two different sized fruits on the same tree branch since olden times.  The distinguished rule book for both males and females which had been followed for since  long still has its effects widely seen in the Indian corporate sector also. With the recurrent  fluctuation experienced in the women participation in the Indian workforce, the main pulling  back factor always has been Gender Diversity issues. There are many workplace factors  which infuse more power to this aspect called gender diversity; some of which are out of  one’s control while many of which are manageable. These factors include salary range, job  positions, promotional opportunities, workplace behavior and many more. The list is endless,  but the impact of all the gamut of such aspects has to be borne by the female employees. This  paper is a descriptive analysis on the effect of various factors on the gender diversity issues in  Indian Corporate sector. Secondary data has been used in order to correlate the factors like  salary, promotional opportunities, and other factors in the corporate sector with the gender  diversity issues. The statistical evidences have been depicted with the help of graphs and pie  charts which would contribute in making the whole situation of diversity issues more crystal  clear and transparent for the readers. The paper is an attempt towards finding the in-depth  causes for the ups and downs in the women participation in the nations’ workforce and also to  bring about a change in the current plight of female workers in Indian Corporate sector

opencc-zeroDec 2023View details →

Impact of climate on a host-hyperparasite interaction on Arabica coffee in its native range

Natural enemies of plant pathogens might play an important role in controlling plant disease levels in natural and agricultural systems. Yet, plant pathogen-natural enemy interactions might be sensitive to climatic changes. Understanding the relationship between climate, plant pathogens, and their natural enemies is thus important for developing climate-resilient, sustainable agriculture. To this aim, we recorded shade cover, daily minimum and maximum temperature, relative humidity, coffee leaf rust, and its hyperparasite at 58 sites in southwestern Ethiopia during the dry and wet season for two years. Coffee leaf rust severity was positively related to the maximum temperature. Hyperparasite severity was higher when the minimum temperature was low (i.e. in places with cold night temperatures). While canopy cover did not have a direct effect on rust severity, it reduced rust severity indirectly by lowering the maximum temperature. Canopy cover had a direct positive effect on the hyperparasite severity during one surveying period. Synthesis and applications. Our findings highlight that coffee leaf rust and its hyperparasite are both affected by shade cover and temperature, but in different ways. On the one hand, these niche differences lead to the worrying prediction that levels of coffee leaf rust will increase, and its hyperparasite will decrease, with climate change. On the other hand, these niche differences between coffee leaf rust and its hyperparasite provide opportunities to develop strategies to manage the environment (such as shade cover and microclimate) in such a way that the rust is disfavored and the hyperparasite is favored.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2023View details →

FIGURE 4 in Publication and impact: a bibliometric survey of Megataxa 1-10

FIGURE 4. Distribution of authors among countries in Megataxa 1‒10.

Bacterial zoonoses impacts to conservation of wildlife populations: A global synthesis

Emerging infectious diseases have significantly increased in recent years; approximately 60% of these emerging diseases are of zoonotic origin, and of those, around 70% were identified to start with wild animals. To better understand the impacts of zoonotic diseases on wildlife, there is a need to identify the distribution and impact of zoonotic pathogens in wildlife, particular those species with threatened populations. To investigate this question, we constructed a zoonotic disease database identifying wildlife hosts for each bacterial zoonotic disease and recorded clinical signs of disease for each host-pathogen relationship if found. Species of least concern were found to have a significantly higher prevalence and richness of zoonotic bacterial diseases (n= 0.0608, x2= 5.898, p=0.01516). The taxonomic level Order was found to be the best predictor for pathogen richness, and the Artiodactyla and Carnivora contain a significantly higher pathogen richness than other vertebrate Orders. Species with the greatest pathogen richness include the wild boar (Sus scrofa, n=66), Northern raccoon (Procyon lotor, n=16) and the red fox (Vulpes vulpes, n=41). Our results indicate bacterial zoonoses are not likely to be a driving factor of species population declines, and future zoonotic disease surveillance efforts should target species in the Artiodactyla and Carnivora families. The wild boar (Sus scrofa) in particular may be a good candidate for zoonotic disease monitoring due to its high pathogen richness, wide range, and large population. Understanding the impacts and distribution of bacterial zoonoses in wildlife populations can help in planning for future wildlife management efforts, particularly in species of conservation concern and wildlife disease monitoring.

Data from: anterior pituitary transcriptomics following a high fat diet: impact of oxidative stress on cell metabolism

Anterior pituitary cells are highly active with regards to protein synthesis and secretion, processes which depend heavily on mitochondrial ATP production and functional endoplasmic reticula. It is well known that obesity adds an allostatic overload to tissues, requiring them to adapt to inflammation and oxidative stress. Therefore, we hypothesized that the pituitary is highly vulnerable to the stress of high fat diet-induced weight gain. In this study, we utilized a 10-15 week high fat diet (HFD, 60%) plus a thermoneutral housing paradigm, testing both male and female FVB.129P mice. We quantified serum hormones and cytokines, characterized the metabolic phenotype, and defined changes in the pituitary transcriptome using single-cell RNA-seq. Weight gain was significant by 3 weeks in HFD mice, and by 10 weeks all HFD groups had gained 20 g. HFD females (15 weeks) had increased energy expenditure and decreased activity. All HFD groups showed increases in serum leptin, Il-6, resistin, MCP-1, and TNFα. HFD males had increased insulin; both HFD males and females had increased TSH, and HFD females had decreased serum prolactin and growth hormone (GH) pulse amplitude. Pituitary scRNA-seq revealed modest or no changes in pituitary cell gene expression in the different cell types from HFD males after 10 or 15 weeks or HFD females after 10 weeks. However, females exposed to a HFD for 15 weeks showed significant numbers of differentially expressed genes in lactotropes and stem cells. Pathway analyses identified a reduction in pathways that supported protein translation, ribosome biogenesis, and oxidative phosphorylation, indicating mitochondrial dysfunction. Collectively, these studies reveal that pituitary cells from males are more resilient to the oxidative stress of obesity than females and identify the most vulnerable pituitary cell populations in females.

opencc-by-4.0Jan 2024View details →

Data for: Assessing the Impacts of Falling Ice Radiative Effects on the Seasonal Variation of Land Surface Properties

Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2023View details →

Supplementary Tables for Can leafhoppers help us trace the impact of climate change on agriculture?

Supplementary Tables for the Preprint entitled: Can leafhoppers help us trace the impact of climate change on agriculture? to be posted in bioRxiv.  Table S1. Detailed information on the strawberry fields included in this study. Table S2. Detailed information on the weather stations used to retrieve temperature and precipitation data used in this study  Table S3. Strawberry samples analyzed in this study with symptoms resembling strawberry green petal phytoplasma disease during both growing seasons studied here. Table S4. The geographic location of all the strawberry green petal phytoplasma disease cases reported to the provincial laboratory in expertise in diagnostic and phytopathology in the last decade. Table S5. Leafhopper species and the number of specimens per species analyzed by phytoplasma-specific PCR to detect the presence of the pathogen. Table S6. Detailed information on the leafhoppers incubated with strawberry plants during the phytoplasma transmission assays. Table S7. Detailed information on Macosteles quadrilineatus used to study the leafhopper microbiome. Table S8. Detailed information on the insecticides used by strawberry growers during both grow seasons included in the study and those treatments selected for further statistic analyses. Table S9. Identification and number of leafhopper species captured in strawberry fields in each geographic region screened in this study. Table S10. Detailed information of diversity indexes Shannon and Simpson calculated using the data collected in this study. Table S11. Fixed days and temperature values used during leafhopper populations modelling. Table S12. Detailed information on the taxonomy of the phytoplasma strain SbGPQ affecting strawberry plants in eastern Canada by hybridization and illumine sequencing and by PCR amplification, cloning and Sanger sequencing. Table S13. Detailed information on Macosteles quadrilineatus microbiome including OTUs, reads, and metadata information. Table S14. Detailed information on the core microbiome for Macosteles quadrilineatus captured during each growing season and in common for all the leafhoppers analyzed during this study. Table S15. BIC values for models selection.

Data for: Extreme drought impacts have been underestimated in grasslands and shrublands globally

Data for publication "Extreme drought impacts have been underestimated in grasslands and shrublands globally." In this publication, we used a globallly distributed network of drought experiments to assess the impact of extreme, single-year drought events on aboveground net primary productions in grassland and shrubland ecosystems. The data and script necessary to reproduce figures and analyses for the manuscript may be found in this repository. The single script combines all of the data frames in order to run statistical models, create figures, and produce any additional statistics referenced in the publication. Data in this repository include the reponses of aboveground net primary production to drought treatments at 100 sites, abiotic information about the sites such as mean annual precipitation, annual precipitaiton, and soil sand content, along with biotic characteristics about these sites including species richness and the percent of vegetative cover by graminoids. Though the data published here may be freely reused, we encourage users to contact the authors of this dataset and the linked publication in order to facilitate the best practices for use of data.

Data from: Diverse pollen nutrition can improve the development of solitary bees but does not mitigate negative pesticide impacts

Floral resource loss and pesticide exposure are major threats to bees in intensively managed agroecosystems, but interactions among these drivers remain poorly understood. Altered composition and lowered diversity of pollen nutrition may reinforce negative pesticide impacts on bees. Here we investigated the development and survival of the solitary bee Osmia bicornis provisioned with three different pollen types, as well as a mixture of these types representing a higher pollen diversity. We exposed bees of each nutritional treatment to five pesticides at different concentrations in the laboratory. Two field-realistic concentrations of three nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) modulating insecticides (thiacloprid, sulfoxaflor and flupyradifurone), as well as of two fungicides (azoxystrobin and tebuconazole) were examined. We further measured the expression of two detoxification genes (CYP9BU1, CYP9BU2) under exposure to thiacloprid across different nutrition treatments as a potential mechanistic pathway driving pesticide-nutrition interactions. We found that more diverse pollen nutrition reduced development time, enhanced pollen efficacy (cocoon weight divided by consumed pollen weight) and pollen consumption, and increased weight of O. bicornis after larval development (cocoon weight). Contrary to fungicides, high field-realistic concentrations of all three insecticides negatively affected O. bicornis by extending development times. Moreover, sulfoxaflor and flupyradifurone also reduced pollen efficacy and cocoon weight, and sulfoxaflor reduced pollen consumption and increased mortality. The expression of detoxification genes differed across pollen nutrition types, but was not enhanced after exposure to thiacloprid. Our findings highlight that lowered diversity of pollen nutrition and high field-realistic exposure to nAChR modulating insecticides negatively affected the development of O. bicornis, but we found no mitigation of negative pesticide impacts through increased pollen diversity. These results have important implications for risk assessment for bee pollinators, indicating that negative effects of nAChR modulating insecticides to developing solitary bees are currently underestimated.

High-resolution environmental and host-related factors impacting questing Ixodes scapularis at their northern range edge

The geographic range of tick populations has expanded in Canada due to climate warming and the associated poleward range shifts of their vertebrate hosts. Abiotic factors, such as temperature, precipitation, and snow, are known to directly affect tick abundance. Yet, biotic factors, such as the abundance and diversity of mammal hosts, may also alter tick abundance and consequent tick-borne disease risk. Here, we incorporated host surveillance data with high-resolution environmental data to evaluate the combined impact of abiotic and biotic factors on questing Ixodes scapularis abundance in Ontario and Quebec, Canada. High-resolution abiotic factors were derived from remote sensing satellites and meteorological towers, while biotic factors related to mammal hosts were derived from active surveillance data that we collected in the field. Generalized additive models were used to determine the relative importance of abiotic and biotic factors on questing I. scapularis abundance. Combinations of abiotic and biotic factors were identified as important drivers of abundances of questing I. scapularis. Positive and negative linear relationships were found for questing I. scapularis abundance with precipitation and accumulated snow, but no effect was found for the relative abundance of white-footed mice. Positive relationships were also identified between questing I. scapularis abundance with monthly mean precipitation and mammal species richness. Therefore, future studies that assess I. scapularis should incorporate host surveillance data with high-resolution environmental factors to determine the key drivers impacting the abundance and geographic spread of tick populations and tick-borne pathogens.

Data from: A zebrafish model to elucidate the impact of host genes on the microbiota

Every host species and organism provide a unique environmental niche contributing to the overall diversity of microbial ecosystems from the intestine of an animal to the oceans and forests of our planet. The study of host-microbiota interactions has long focused on the well-established effects the microbiota has on its host. In contrast, little focus has been allocated to the role of the host in these intricate interactions. However, understanding the role of the host may well be an essential key to understanding the complexity of the relationship between the host and its microbiota. In this study, we present a model in which the effects of host genes on the microbiota can be elucidated and how such genetic effects may shape host-associated microbiota. We demonstrate a hologenomic approach implementing the CRISPR/Cas system in the zebrafish model to combine the effects of a host gene with 16S metabarcoding and metabolomics data. We show that knocking out the gene coding for the rate-limiting enzyme in melanogenesis, tyrosinase (tyr), correlates with changes in the intestinal microbiota of zebrafish and differences in the abundance of specific metabolites illustrating the value of our model for studying the impact of host genes on the composition and function of the intestinal microbiota.

opencc-by-4.0Jan 2024View details →

Impact of Catalysis-Relevant Oxidation and Annealing Treatments on Nanostructured GaRh Alloys

Dataset of "Impact of Catalysis-Relevant Oxidation and Annealing Treatments on Nanostructured GaRh Alloys"

PFOS negatively impacts prey capture in larval zebrafish

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are widely used in many industrial and domestic applications. The wide range use of PFAS has resulted in unintentional human exposures and bioaccumulation in blood and other organs. Perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) is among the most prevalent PFAS in the environment and has been postulated to affect brain functions in exposed organisms. However, the impacts of PFOS on early neural development have not been well-described. Here, we used zebrafish larvae to assess the effects of PFOS on two fundamental complex behaviors, prey capture and learning. Zebrafish exposed to PFOS concentrations ranging from 2 – 20 µM for differing 48-hour periods were viable through early larval stages. In addition, PFOS uptake was unaffected by the presence of a chorion. We employed two different experimental paradigms; we first assessed the impacts of increasing organismal PFOS bioaccumulation on prey capture and learning, and second, we probed stage-specific sensitivity to PFOS by exposing zebrafish at different developmental stages (0-2 vs 3-5 days post fertilization). Following both assays we measured the amount of PFOS present in each larva. PFOS levels varied in larvae from different groups within each experimental paradigm. Significant negative correlations were observed between larval PFOS accumulation and the percentage of captured prey, while non-significant negative correlations were observed between PFOS accumulation and experienced-induced prey capture learning. These findings suggest that PFOS accumulation negatively affects larval zebrafish's ability to perform complicated multisensory behaviors and highlight potential risks of PFOS exposure to animals in the wild, with implications for human health.

The impact of market integration on the digital divide: An analysis based on the heterogeneous effect of innovation resource synergy

Resource market reforms have provided opportunities for reducing the digital divide (DD). In this study, we analyzed the theoretical mechanism of the impact of market integration (MI) on DD and the intermediary role of innovation resource (IR) synergy. Data from 271 cities in China were collected, and the DEA–Malmquist index and Thiel index were utilized to quantify DD among these cities during 2011–2019. The intermediary effect and SDM models were adopted for an empirical analysis. The results showed that (1) MI had a negative effect on DD in addition to significant spatial spillover effects. MI widened DD in the local city but narrowed the same in the adjacent cities. (2) IR synergy exerted positive intermediary effects, which were heterogeneous. Through human resource synergy, MI narrowed DD, through knowledge synergy, MI widened DD, and through the R&D capital synergy, MI did not significantly influence DD. (3) There was no significant spatial spillover effect of the intermediary role of IR synergy.

Extended incubation recesses in Sanderlings are impacted by temperature and body condition

Complex incubation strategies have evolved to solve the trade-off between parent survival and care for their eggs with often brief departures (recesses) that maximise egg survival or infrequent extended recesses maximising adult condition. Here we examined incubation behaviour of Sanderlings (Calidris alba), a species that exhibits both bi- and uniparental incubation behaviour. During 11 breeding seasons in Greenland, we have quantified incubation variability with thermologgers placed in nests. We estimated the impact of environmental conditions and individual characteristics on the occurrence and the duration of recesses. We found that extended recesses are a unique feature of uniparentals, and their frequency and duration increased in colder temperatures. The relationship was mediated by body condition, with individuals in poor condition performing longer extended recesses in colder temperatures. This suggests that extended recesses may represent a shift towards self-maintenance at the expense of the egg care, allowing birds to continue incubating under unfavourable conditions. Our study illustrates how extended recesses may be a key breeding strategy to overcome high energetical costs associated with incubation. Quantifying such behavioural flexibility paves the way for tracking future behavioural responses of individuals in the face of changing environments.

opencc-zeroFeb 2024View details →

Data from: Past volcanic activity predisposes an endemic threatened seabird to negative anthropogenic impacts

Humans are regularly cited as the main driver of current biodiversity extinction, but the impact of historic volcanic activity is often overlooked. Pre-human evidence of wildlife abundance and diversity are essential for disentangling anthropogenic impacts from natural events. Réunion Island, with its intense and well-documented volcanic activity, endemic biodiversity, long history of isolation and recent human colonization, provides an opportunity to disentangle these processes. We track past demographic changes of a critically endangered seabird, the Mascarene petrel Pseudobulweria aterrima, using genome-wide SNPs. Coalescent modeling suggested that a large ancestral population underwent a substantial population decline in two distinct phases, ca. 125,000 and 37,000 years ago, coinciding with periods of major eruptions of Piton des Neiges. Subsequently, the ancestral population was fragmented into the two known colonies, ca. 1,500 years ago, following eruptions of Piton de la Fournaise. In the last century, both colonies declined significantly due to anthropogenic activities, and although the species was initially considered extinct, it was rediscovered in the 1970s. Our findings suggest that the current conservation status of wildlife on volcanic islands should be firstly assessed as a legacy of historic volcanic activity, and thereafter by the increasing anthropogenic impacts, which may ultimately drive species towards extinction.

opencc-zeroFeb 2024View details →

Data from: On-site floral resources and surrounding landscape characteristics impact pollinator biodiversity at solar parks

There is increasing land use change for solar parks and growing recognition that they could be used to support insect pollinators. However, understanding of pollinator response to solar park developments is limited and empirical data are lacking. We combine field observations with landcover data to quantify the impact of on-site floral resources and surrounding landscape characteristics on solar park pollinator abundance and species richness. We surveyed pollinators and flowering plants at 15 solar parks across England in 2021, used a landcover map to assess the surrounding high-quality habitat and aerial imagery to measure woody linear features (hedgerows, woodland edges and lines of trees). In total, 1,397 pollinators were recorded, including 899 butterflies (64%), 171 hoverflies (12%), 161 bumble bees (12%), 157 moths (11%) and nine honeybees (< 1%). At least 30 pollinator species were observed, the majority of which were common, generalist species. Pollinator biodiversity varied between solar parks and was explained by a combination of on-site floral resources and surrounding landscape characteristics. Floral species richness was the most influential on-site characteristic and woody linear feature density generally had a greater impact than the cover of surrounding high-quality habitats, although drivers differed by pollinator group. Our findings suggest that a range of factors affect pollinator biodiversity at solar parks, but maximising floral resources within a park through appropriate management actions may be the most achievable way to support most pollinator groups, especially where solar parks are located in resource-poor, disconnected landscapes.

opencc-zeroFeb 2024View details →

Data from: The impact of plant genetic variation, drought, and leaf nitrogen on plant-herbivore interactions

Plant genotype, drought stress, and their interaction are among the factors contributing to the susceptibility of plants to herbivory. The plant's nitrogen concentration, a critical and often limiting nutrient, differs with plant genotype and drought. Still, few studies have investigated the impact of the interaction of genotype and drought on herbivory and plant nitrogen. We established a common garden in Duluth, MN, of tall goldenrod, Solidago altissima, collected from a local Minnesota site to analyze the effects of goldenrod genotype and drought stress on leaf nitrogen and the preference and performance of the chrysanthemum lace bug, Corythucha marmorata. Lace bugs had oviposition, nymph, and adult preferences among host plant genotypes, water treatments, and among genotype and water treatment combinations. Nymph and adult survival and adult mass varied significantly due to plant genotype, water treatment, the interaction of plant and water treatment, and the interaction of treatment with lace bug density. Oviposition preference and offspring performance were significantly positively related. Leaf nitrogen increased with the increasing severity of the water limitation in the absence of lace bugs. However, in the presence of lace bugs, there was no difference in nitrogen among water treatments.