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Data for Sagebrush: Consistent individual variation in plant communication: Do plants have personalities?
<p>Animal biologists have recently focused on individual variation in behavioral traits and have found that individuals of many species have personalities. These are defined as consistent intraspecific differences in behaviors that are repeatable across different situations and stable over time. When animals sense danger, some individuals will alert neighbors with alarm calls and both calling and responding vary consistently among individuals. Plants, including sagebrush, emit volatile cues when they are attacked by herbivores and neighbors perceive these cues and reduce their own damage. We experimentally transferred volatiles between pairs of sagebrush plants to evaluate whether individuals showed consistent variation in their effectiveness as emitters and as receivers of cues. We found that 64% of the variance in chewing damage to branches over the growing season was attributable to the identity of the individual receiving the cues. This variation could have been caused by inherent differences in the plants as well as by differences in the environments where they grew and their histories. We found that 5% of the variance in chewing damage was attributable to the identity of the emitter that provided the cue. This fraction of variation was statistically significant and could not be attributed to the environmental conditions of the receiver. Effective receivers were also relatively effective emitters, indicating consistency across different situations. Pairs of receivers and emitters that were effective communicators in 2018 were again relatively effective in 2019, indicating consistency over time. These results suggest that plants have repeatable individual personalities with respect to alarm calls.</p>
FIGURE 10. Individual boxplots showing the 9 in A new, narrowly endemic species of swamp-dwelling dusky salamander (Plethodontidae: Desmognathus) from the Gulf Coastal Plain of Mississippi and Alabama
FIGURE 10. Individual boxplots showing the 9 highest-loading (eigenvalues> 5) size-corrected linear measurements contributing to significant discrimination between all three related or sympatric species. While limited sample sizes preclude detailed significance tests or correction for multiple comparison, we include the notched boxplots here for a preliminary visual assessment of gross shape differences between the species relative to median values.
Individual variation explains aging patterns in a cooperatively breeding bird, the long-tailed tit (Aegithalos caudatus)
<p><span><strong>1</strong>.</span><span> Alloparental care in cooperatively-breeding species may alter breeder age-specific survival and reproduction, and subsequently senescence. The helping behaviour itself might also undergo age-related change, and decisions to help in facultative cooperative breeders are likely to be affected by the individual condition.</span></p> <p><span><strong>2</strong>.</span><span> Helpers in long-tailed</span><span> tits (<em>Aegithalos caudatus</em>) assist relatives after failing to raise their own brood, with offspring from helped nests being more likely to recruit into the breeding population.</span></p> <p><span><strong>3</strong>.</span><span> Using data collected over 25 years, we examined the age-trajectories of survival and reproduction in adult long-tailed tits to determine how these were affected by the presence or absence of helpers, and how helper behaviour changed with age.</span></p> <p><span><strong>4</strong>.</span><span> There was evidence for increased reproductive performance with breeder age, but no effect of age on the probability of survival. We found no evidence of significant senescent decline in survival or reproductive performance, although individuals accrued less inclusive fitness in their last year of life. Lifetime reproductive success was positively related to both reproductive lifespan and body mass. Within a season, breeders that were assisted by helpers enjoyed greater reproductive success through enhanced offspring recruitment in the following year. We found no evidence that age affected an individual's propensity to help, or the amount of indirect fitness accrued through helping.</span></p> <p><span><strong>5</strong>.</span><span> We found a positive correlation between lifespan and multiple components of reproductive success, suggesting that individual variation in quality underpins age-related variation in fitness in this species. Helping decisions are driven by condition, and the lifetime inclusive fitness of immigrants was predicted by body mass. These findings further support individual heterogeneity in quality being a major driver for fitness gains across the life course of long-tailed tits.</span></p>
FIGURE. Umbellules within four populations of Sanicula orthacantha, showing the fruits characters and the variation in numbers of staminate flowers (each line represents a plant individual). The ratio of staminate flowers number/ umbellule number is given for each individual. A. China, Hubei, Xuan'en, Qizimei Mountain, H.M. Li, Y.M. Yi & Y.S. Zhang 1077 (NAS). B. China, Jiangxi, Jiujiang, Lushan, H.M. Li, Y.S. Zhang & Y. Xu 1109 (NAS). C. China, Chongqing, Nanchuan, Jinfo Shan, H.M. Li, Y.S. Zhang & X. Zhang 1141 (NAS). D. China, Sichuan, Emei Shan, H.M. Li & Y.S. Zhang 1157 (NAS). All same scale. in Taxonomic studies on the genus Sanicula (Apiaceae) from China ( ): The clarification of some morphological distinction between S. orthacantha var. orthacantha and S. orthacantha var. brevispina, with the reduction of S. petagnioides to the synonymy of the former, and S. orthacantha var. stolonifera to
FIGURE. Umbellules within four populations of Sanicula orthacantha, showing the fruits characters and the variation in numbers of staminate flowers (each line represents a plant individual). The ratio of staminate flowers number/ umbellule number is given for each individual. A. China, Hubei, Xuan'en, Qizimei Mountain, H.M. Li, Y.M. Yi & Y.S. Zhang 1077 (NAS). B. China, Jiangxi, Jiujiang, Lushan, H.M. Li, Y.S. Zhang & Y. Xu 1109 (NAS). C. China, Chongqing, Nanchuan, Jinfo Shan, H.M. Li, Y.S. Zhang & X. Zhang 1141 (NAS). D. China, Sichuan, Emei Shan, H.M. Li & Y.S. Zhang 1157 (NAS). All same scale.
FIGURE. Umbellules within two populations of Sanicula orthacantha var. brevispina from China, Sichuan, Emei Shan, showing the fruits characters and the variation in numbers of staminate flowers (each line represents a plant individual). The ratio of staminate flowers number/ umbellule number is given for each individual. A. C.H. Li 1122 (NAS). B. H.M. Li & Y.S. Zhang 1151 (NAS). in Taxonomic studies on the genus Sanicula (Apiaceae) from China ( ): The clarification of some morphological distinction between S. orthacantha var. orthacantha and S. orthacantha var. brevispina, with the reduction of S. petagnioides to the synonymy of the former, and S. orthacantha var. stolonifera to
FIGURE. Umbellules within two populations of Sanicula orthacantha var. brevispina from China, Sichuan, Emei Shan, showing the fruits characters and the variation in numbers of staminate flowers (each line represents a plant individual). The ratio of staminate flowers number/ umbellule number is given for each individual. A. C.H. Li 1122 (NAS). B. H.M. Li & Y.S. Zhang 1151 (NAS).
FIGURE. Individuals in two Populations of Sanicula orthacantha var. brevispina from China, Sichuan, Emei Shan, showing the variation in plant size and rhizome character (each line represents a population). A. C.H. Li 1122 (NAS). B. H.M. Li & Y.S. Zhang 1151 (NAS). in Taxonomic studies on the genus Sanicula (Apiaceae) from China ( ): The clarification of some morphological distinction between S. orthacantha var. orthacantha and S. orthacantha var. brevispina, with the reduction of S. petagnioides to the synonymy of the former, and S. orthacantha var. stolonifera to
FIGURE. Individuals in two Populations of Sanicula orthacantha var. brevispina from China, Sichuan, Emei Shan, showing the variation in plant size and rhizome character (each line represents a population). A. C.H. Li 1122 (NAS). B. H.M. Li & Y.S. Zhang 1151 (NAS).
FIGURE. Cauline Leaves of Sanicula orthacantha var. brevispina from China, Sichuan, Emei Shan, showing the size and shape of leaves within and between populations (each line represents a plant individual). A. C.H. Li 1122 (NAS). B. H.M. Li & Y.S. Zhang 1151 (NAS). in Taxonomic studies on the genus Sanicula (Apiaceae) from China ( ): The clarification of some morphological distinction between S. orthacantha var. orthacantha and S. orthacantha var. brevispina, with the reduction of S. petagnioides to the synonymy of the former, and S. orthacantha var. stolonifera to
FIGURE. Cauline Leaves of Sanicula orthacantha var. brevispina from China, Sichuan, Emei Shan, showing the size and shape of leaves within and between populations (each line represents a plant individual). A. C.H. Li 1122 (NAS). B. H.M. Li & Y.S. Zhang 1151 (NAS).
FIGURE 72 in Identification of Mediterranean marine gobies (Actinopterygii: Gobiidae) of the continental shelf from photographs of in situ individuals
FIGURE 72. Freshly dead coloration of Silhouettea aegyptia. Photo by S.V. Bogorodsky, Al Lith, Saudi Arabia, Red Sea.
FIGURE 66 in Identification of Mediterranean marine gobies (Actinopterygii: Gobiidae) of the continental shelf from photographs of in situ individuals
FIGURE 66. Live coloration in its natural habitat of Pomatoschistus microps, A) male, B) female. Photos by R. Groenveld, Netherlands.
FIGURE 63 in Identification of Mediterranean marine gobies (Actinopterygii: Gobiidae) of the continental shelf from photographs of in situ individuals
FIGURE 63. Live coloration in its natural habitat of Pomatoschistus bathi. Photo by R. Pillon, Rab Island, Croatia, northern Adriatic Sea.
FIGURE 60 in Identification of Mediterranean marine gobies (Actinopterygii: Gobiidae) of the continental shelf from photographs of in situ individuals
FIGURE 60. Freshly dead coloration of Lesueurigobius sanzi. Photo by A. Kassar, Beni Saf, Alboran Sea, Algeria.
FIGURE 58 in Identification of Mediterranean marine gobies (Actinopterygii: Gobiidae) of the continental shelf from photographs of in situ individuals
FIGURE 58. Live coloration in its natural habitat of Gobius roulei. A) Pale male, photo by R. Pillon, Maddalena, Sardinia, Italy. B) Male in nocturnal dark coloration, photo by S. Le Bris, Marseille, Southern France.
FIGURE 57 in Identification of Mediterranean marine gobies (Actinopterygii: Gobiidae) of the continental shelf from photographs of in situ individuals
FIGURE 57. Live coloration in its natural habitat of Gobius paganellus. A) Light colored individual, photo by M. Kovačić, Bol, island of Brač, Croatia, central Adriatic Sea. B) Dark-colored male, photo by G. Kunz, Donji Kraj, Istria, Croatia, northern Adriatic Sea.
FIGURE 53 in Identification of Mediterranean marine gobies (Actinopterygii: Gobiidae) of the continental shelf from photographs of in situ individuals
FIGURE 53. Live coloration in its natural habitat of Gobius cobitis. Photo by T. Menut, Thau lagoon, Southern France.
FIGURE 55 in Identification of Mediterranean marine gobies (Actinopterygii: Gobiidae) of the continental shelf from photographs of in situ individuals
FIGURE 55. Live coloration in its natural habitat of Gobius geniporus. Photo by S.V. Bogorodsky, Turkey, Aegean Sea.
FIGURE 65 in Identification of Mediterranean marine gobies (Actinopterygii: Gobiidae) of the continental shelf from photographs of in situ individuals
FIGURE 65. Live coloration in its natural habitat of Pomatoschistus marmoratus. A) Male and B) female, photos by R. Pillon, Rab Island, Croatia, northern Adriatic Sea. C) Female, photo by J. Renoult, Thau lagoon, Southern France.
FIGURE 51 in Identification of Mediterranean marine gobies (Actinopterygii: Gobiidae) of the continental shelf from photographs of in situ individuals
FIGURE 51. Live coloration in its natural habitat of Deltentosteus collonianus. A) photo by S. Guerrieri, Tuscany, Italy. B) Breeding male (the rounded, notably enlarged first dorsal fin, has been injured), photo by S. Le Bris, Saména, Southern France.
FIGURE 50 in Identification of Mediterranean marine gobies (Actinopterygii: Gobiidae) of the continental shelf from photographs of in situ individuals
FIGURE 50. Freshly dead coloration of Coryogalops ocheticus. Photo by S.V. Bogorodsky, Gulf of Suez, Egypt, Red Sea.
FIGURE 52 in Identification of Mediterranean marine gobies (Actinopterygii: Gobiidae) of the continental shelf from photographs of in situ individuals
FIGURE 52. Live coloration in its natural habitat of Deltentosteus quadrimaculatus. A) Photo by R. Pillon, Maddalena, Sardinia, Italy. B) Male with enlarged, pointed first dorsal fin, photo by L. Bérenger, Cagnes-sur-Mer, Southern France.
FIGURE 48 in Identification of Mediterranean marine gobies (Actinopterygii: Gobiidae) of the continental shelf from photographs of in situ individuals
FIGURE 48. Freshly dead coloration of Aulopareia unicolor. Photo by Z. Jaafar, Lake Songkla, Thailand.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.