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Figure 34 in Rocky-intertidal cheilostome bryozoans from the vicinity of the Sesoko Biological Station, west-central Okinawa, Japan

Figure 34. Rhynchozoon ferocula Hayward: (a) NSMT-Te 1178, view of smaller colony on SEM stub; (b) NSMT-Te 1179, marginal autozooids; (c–e) NSMT-Te 1178 (larger colony on SEM stub), (c) orifices in (c) mature autozooids, (d) orifice and oral spines, (e) ovicelled autozooids (arrowhead, window in calcified ectooecium; arrow, labellum); (f) NSMT-Te 1180, ancestrula and two daughter zooids. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars: a = 1.0 mm; b, e, f = 200 µm; c = 100 µm; d = 50 µm.

Figure 32 in Rocky-intertidal cheilostome bryozoans from the vicinity of the Sesoko Biological Station, west-central Okinawa, Japan

Figure 32. (a, b) Crepidacantha longiseta Canu and Bassler: (a) NSMT-Te 1167, autozooids; (b) NSMT- Te 1169, ovicelled and non-ovicelled autozooids. (c, d) Crepidacantha poissonii (Audouin), NSMT-Te 1100: (c) ovicelled autozooids; (d) ovicelled and non-ovicelled autozooids. Panels are scanning electron microscopic images of dried, unbleached (a, c) or bleached (b, d) specimens. Scale bars: a, c = 300 µm; b, d = 200 µm.

Figure 39 in Rocky-intertidal cheilostome bryozoans from the vicinity of the Sesoko Biological Station, west-central Okinawa, Japan

Figure 39. Rhynchozoon ryukyuense sp. nov., NSMT-Te 1202 (a–c), NHMUK 2016.5.13.81 (d, e), NSMT- Te 1201 (f), all paratype specimens: (a) colony view; (b) marginal autozooids, showing aspect of suboral avicularian chamber; (c) marginal autozooids, showing shape and orientation of avicularian rostrum; (d) marginal autozooids, showing orifice shape; note denticles associated with basal pore chambers; (e) autozooids, with diamond-shaped frontal avicularia and hypertrophied suboral avicularia; (f) ovicelled autozooids. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars: a = 1.0 mm; b–f = 300 µm.

Figure 27 in Rocky-intertidal cheilostome bryozoans from the vicinity of the Sesoko Biological Station, west-central Okinawa, Japan

Figure 27. (a–c) Robertsonidra argentea (Hincks), NSMT-Te 1149: (a) autozooids near colony margin; (b) autozooids, showing two types of avicularia; (c) ovicelled and non-ovicelled autozooids. (d–f) Robertsonidra porifera (Maplestone), NSMT-Te 1155: (d) autozooids near colony margin, one showing more-common large avicularium; (e) autozooids, one showing uncommon smaller avicularium; (f) ovicelled and non-ovicelled autozooids. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars = 300 µm.

Figure 1 in Rocky-intertidal cheilostome bryozoans from the vicinity of the Sesoko Biological Station, west-central Okinawa, Japan

Figure 1. Partial map of Japan (lower right) showing the location of Okinawa (upper right), with the study area enlarged (left); black circles indicates sampling sites (SES, old breakwater near Sesoko Station; REEF, reef-fringe site; MIN, breakwater on Minna Island); black square indicates the Sesoko Station, Tropical Biosphere Research Centre, University of the Ryukyus; dark grey shading indicates land; light grey shading indicates areas of coral reef flat.

Figure 20 in Rocky-intertidal cheilostome bryozoans from the vicinity of the Sesoko Biological Station, west-central Okinawa, Japan

Figure 20. (a) Calyptotheca reniformis Tilbrook, 2006, NSMT-Te 1125, ovicelled and several nonovicelled autozooids. (b–d) Calyptotheca sesokoensis sp. nov., NSMT-Te 1128 (holotype): (b) autozooids at colony margin; (c) autozooids, one with rare lateral-oral avicularium; (d) ovicelled and nonovicelled autozooids. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars = 300 µm.

Figure 6 in Rocky-intertidal cheilostome bryozoans from the vicinity of the Sesoko Biological Station, west-central Okinawa, Japan

Figure 6. (a–d) Corbulella extenuata Dick, Tilbrook, and Mawatari, NSMT-Te 1064: (a) autozooids; (b) oblique view of colony margin showing interzooidal connections and presumed vestigial ooecium at early stage of formation (far top right); (c) ancestrula and periancestrular zooids; (d) same ancestrula (asterisk) as in panel (c) after bleaching, with daughter zooids lost from left side. (e, f) Cranosina coronata (Hincks), NSMT-Te 1065: (e) autozooids (the central three showing regenerative, intramurally budded cystids); (f) autozooids at colony margin (central zooid with intramurally budded cystid). Panels are scanning electron microscopic images of dried (a, c) or bleached (b, d–f) specimens. Scale bars: a = 250 µm; b–d = 300 µm; e, f = 400 µm.

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Figure 2 in Does nutritional status constrain adoption of more costly and less risky foraging behaviour in an Amazonian shelter-building spider?

Figure 2. Relationship between predicted probability of spider Hingstepeira folisecens (Hingston 1932) (Araneidae) exhibiting a pulling foraging behaviour to catch prey and body condition index (BCI – standardized residuals from a regression of abdomen volume on carapace area) in one region of Central Amazonia, Brazil. '1' represents occurrence of pulling behaviour and '0' represents absence of spider response or use of pursuing behaviour (n = 19).

Figure 10 in A taxonomic revision of the genus Asiobaccha Violovitsh (Diptera: Syrphidae)

Figure 10. Asiobaccha selsi Mengual sp. nov. a–b, f, holotype ♂. (a) Dorsal view; (b) lateral view; (f) frontal view. Asiobaccha taronja Mengual sp. nov. c–e, g, holotype ♂. (c) Dorsal view; (d) abdominal sterna and male genitalia, ventral view; (e) lateral view; (g) frontal view. Scale bars: a–c, e = 2 mm; d, f, g = 1 mm.

Figure 19 in Rocky-intertidal cheilostome bryozoans from the vicinity of the Sesoko Biological Station, west-central Okinawa, Japan

Figure 19. (a, b) Smittina nitidissima (Hincks), NSMT-Te 1119: (a) autozooids at colony margin; (b) ovicelled autozooids, with 0–2 lateral oral avicularia. (c, d) Smittoidea pacifica Soule and Soule, NSMT-Te 1120: (c) zooids at colony margin; (d) ovicelled and non-ovicelled autozooids. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars = 300 µm.

Figure 10 in Rocky-intertidal cheilostome bryozoans from the vicinity of the Sesoko Biological Station, west-central Okinawa, Japan

Figure 10. (a) Vasignyella otophora (Kirkpatrick), NSMT-Te 1079: four autozooids from branched, erect colony. (b–h) Hippothoa petrophila sp. nov.: (b) NSMT-Te 1082 (paratype), part of uniserial colony, with two zooidal dilatations, or 'zooids' (arrowheads),linked by long caudal portion, or 'stolon'; (c) NHMUK 2016.5.13.18 (paratype), part of anastomosed uniserial colony; (d) NSMT-Te 1083 (paratype), autozooid with paired proximolateral zooeciules; (e) NSMT-Te 1082 (paratype), autozooidal orifice; (f) photomicrograph of dried specimen showing autozooid (az) that has budded an ovicelled female zooid (fz) from the lateral margin; (g) photomicrographs of the basal side of zooids, showing lateral (arrowheads) and distal (arrow) interzooidal connections; (h) NSMT-Te 1082, presumed ancestrula (a) that has given rise to a single daughter zooid (dz), with a non-connected zooid at lower right. Panels (f) and (g) are photomicrographs; all other panels are scanning electron microscopic images; the specimens in panels (c) to (e) were lightly bleached. Scale bars:a–c = 500 µm; d, h = 150 µm; e = 50 µm; f = 25 µm; g = 10 µm.

Figure 13 in Rocky-intertidal cheilostome bryozoans from the vicinity of the Sesoko Biological Station, west-central Okinawa, Japan

Figure 13. Celleporaria desperabilis Ryland and Hayward, NSMT-Te 1090: (a) young autozooids near colony margin; (b) young autozooids near colony margin, in frontodistal view; (c) primary orifice near colony margin; (d) autozooids, showing suboral avicularium adjacent to sinus; circular interzooidal openings indicated by arrowheads; (e) autozooid with pair of tiny avicularia lateral to orifice, and irregular interzooidal opening (arrowhead); (f) ovicells that appear to be aborted or incompletely developed, bounded by thickened rim distal to orifice. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of the specimen after bleaching. Scale bars: a = 500 µm; b = 200 µm; c, e = 100 µm; d, f = 250 µm.

Figure 15 in Rocky-intertidal cheilostome bryozoans from the vicinity of the Sesoko Biological Station, west-central Okinawa, Japan

Figure 15. Parasmittina serrula Soule and Soule, (a, b) NSMT-Te 1099, (c, d) NSMT-Te 1100: (a) orifices, showing lyrula and condyles; (b), ovicelled autozooids, with small suboral avicularia; (c) ovicelled autozooids, with larger suboral avicularia; (d) ancestrula and first daughter zooid. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars: a = 100 µm; b–d = 300 µm.

Figure 2 in A taxonomic revision of the genus Asiobaccha Violovitsh (Diptera: Syrphidae)

Figure 2. World distribution of Asiobaccha Violovitsh. The limit shown is only an approximation defined by collecting points for specimens examined and literature records.

Figure 18 in The biology and functional morphology of the high-energy beach dwelling Paphies elongata (Bivalvia: Mactroidea: Mesodesmatidae). Convergence with the surf clams (Donax: Tellinoidea: Donacidae)

Figure 18. The anatomy of Paphies elongata (a and b) compared with that of Donax hanleyanus (c and d), both drawn to the same relative scale (for actual scales see the earlier illustrations). (a) and (c) are views of the apertures of the inhalant siphons; (b) and (d) are the internal organs of the mantle cavity showing the visceral mass and foot, the musculature, the orientation of the ctenidia and labial palps and the simplified intestine. (c) is re-drawn after Luzzatto and Penchaszadeh (2001, fig. 1); (d) is a compendium of re-drawn figures from Narchi (1978). (See previous illustrations for interpretations of structure).

Figure 15 in The biology and functional morphology of the high-energy beach dwelling Paphies elongata (Bivalvia: Mactroidea: Mesodesmatidae). Convergence with the surf clams (Donax: Tellinoidea: Donacidae)

Figure 15. Paphies elongata. The course of the intestine in the visceral mass as seen from the right side. AA(1), anterior adductor muscle(1); AN, anus; APR, anterior pedal retractor muscle; CSS, crystalline style sac; DD, digestive diverticulae; DEF, dorsal extension of the foot; EMG, expanded region of the mid gut; F, foot; G, gonad; H, heart; HF, heel of the foot; HG, hind gut; M, mouth; MG, mid gut; PA, posterior adductor muscle; PPR, posterior pedal retractor muscle; R, rectum.

Figure 11. Paphies elongata. A in The biology and functional morphology of the high-energy beach dwelling Paphies elongata (Bivalvia: Mactroidea: Mesodesmatidae). Convergence with the surf clams (Donax: Tellinoidea: Donacidae)

Figure 11. Paphies elongata. A more detailed illustration of the anterior adductor muscle complex. AA(1), anterior adductor muscle (1); AA(2), anterior adductor muscle (2); APEM, anterior pedal elevator muscles; APP, anterior pedal protractor muscle; APR, anterior pedal retractor muscle scar; VM, visceral mass.

Figure 9 in The biology and functional morphology of the high-energy beach dwelling Paphies elongata (Bivalvia: Mactroidea: Mesodesmatidae). Convergence with the surf clams (Donax: Tellinoidea: Donacidae)

Figure 9. Paphies elongata. (a) the organs of the mantle cavity as seen from the left side after removal of the left shell valve and mantle lobe. (b) A diagrammatic transverse section through the left ctenidium showing the ciliary currents. AA(1), anterior adductor muscle(1); APR, anterior pedal retractor muscle; CA, ctenidial axis; DEF, dorsal extension of the foot; ES, exhalant siphon; FMM, fused mantle margin; HF, heel of the foot; ID, inner demibranch; IS, inhalant siphon; F, foot; OD, outer demibranch; OLP, outer labial palp; PA, posterior adductor muscle; PPR, posterior pedal retractor muscle; PR, prodissoconch; SAE, supra-axial extension of the outer demibranch; VMFG, ventral margin food groove of the inner demibranch.

Figure 5. Paphies elongata. A in The biology and functional morphology of the high-energy beach dwelling Paphies elongata (Bivalvia: Mactroidea: Mesodesmatidae). Convergence with the surf clams (Donax: Tellinoidea: Donacidae)

Figure 5. Paphies elongata. A more detailed view of the hinge plate of the right valve showing the structure of the ligament. ACT, anterior cardinal tooth; ALT, anterior lateral tooth; AOLL, anterior outer ligament layer; ILL, inner ligament layer; P, periostracum; PCT, posterior cardinal tooth; PLT?, possible posterior lateral tooth; POLL, posterior outer ligament layer; PR, prodissoconch; RE, resilifer; S, socket.

Figure 4 in The biology and functional morphology of the high-energy beach dwelling Paphies elongata (Bivalvia: Mactroidea: Mesodesmatidae). Convergence with the surf clams (Donax: Tellinoidea: Donacidae)

Figure 4. Paphies elongata. Internal views of (a) the left and (b) the right hinge plates. ACT, anterior cardinal tooth; ALT, anterior lateral tooth; L, ligament; PCT, posterior cardinal tooth; PLT?, possible posterior lateral tooth; S, socket.